HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times, 1892-7-7, Page 7BUTTER MAKING,
.the Article $hOlild be Made on the
Farm in Summer. '
The following article, by H, H. Dean, B8.
Professor of Dairyliusbandry,Agriciatur-
ollege,Guelph,is now being published by
Dfepartment of Agriculture, Toronto :—
y enquiries have recently. been received
this , department as to printed matter
ling with butter making, which shows thae
ere isett doire for something of that nature.
0 aid:ehe overworked farmers' wives and
easehtere in the difficulties which constantrisen the handliftg and care of milk and
lid also in the churning of the butter,
'gilt that we . could not do better
o give a simple outline of how our
Guelph is managed in the summer
We might here say, however, that
ik it would be far better for our
making industry if the manufacture
butter -tiros done /mare largely in
ries or factories as in the case of
The chief advantages of such a
are, a more uniformly good quality
ace and a lessening of labor at the
dairy herd o.e tha.nresent time num
-
cows, 12 cre; which are now giving
We are raising 8 calves, which are
efly on warm sweet skimemilk con-
e, little oil cake,. Each calf has a
ox in which dry oatmeal and oil cake
ad, and ich they soon loan to eat
relish. Some cut grass fed in, the
ompletes their ration.
ia THE STABLE.
,eserit the cows are at pasture. Night
ening they are brought into the stable
nilked, and are fed a small queen-
bren—aboue one pound. a day. At
of eac'n manger is a small box, which
full of salt, and in front of eaoh ani -
water trough, where they may obtain
t will. Before commencing to milk
a wash their hands, for w'nich par-
e keep a wash basin, soap and towel
table. el illting begins at five o'clock
ig and evening, L'ach cow's udder is
'nailed before commencing. to milk,
e milking is done as quickly end
as possible. As soon as the cow is
1 her milk is weighed, and the weight
edon as at. (Twice a week morning
'ening, etich cow's milk is tested for the
nt. of fat or batter in her milk.) The
is then strained in shot gau cans
gh a gauze strainer having three or
eickuestes of butter cloth fastened on
uder side by means of a tiu ring, which
over the rim on the bottom of thestrain-
ills securely fastening the cloth, and
ig an ahnost perfect strainer. The
is moved from the dairy as quickly as
ble after it is milked, and, again strain -
fore it is rim through the cream sep-
r. When all the cows are inilked they
taken to the pasture. The stable is
oughly cleaned out after each milking
the floor sprinkled with land. plaster,
windows and doors being kept open as
li as possible to give the suable a good
ater in the season when the pastures be-
te dry up We shall feed to each cow ia
stable f'rom 20 to 30 lb. a day of green
s and oats, ot which. we bayou -bout three-
rters of an acre growing vigorously at
present time. Later 'we shall feed
utl tho same quantity of green
s and oatse of which wo have
ut an aoro and a quarter, sown ton or
elve days after the peas and oats. Later
1 we shall feed green corn, of which we
ve about two acres. We are thus pre -
red for a dry season if it comes, and if WO
not require these to feed in summer they
11 be cured and kept for tile winter.
IN' THE DAIRY.
We have been using a Laval "Baby" Sep.
tor, No. 9 (hand-ponrer) for over a year,
d like it very much. Recently we have
transed .Alexandra,No. 8,anil although
have not yet used it a similar machine
s bean in use at the farm for some time,
iI is giving good satisfaction. It is a
eapor machine than the Laval, Our inetla-
1 of using is as follows: After the speed
the bowl has been attained the tap is
ed from the supply can, and the warm
r allowed to flow into the machine. It
very important to attain the notvial
eed Of the machine before allowing any
ilk to flow into the bowl. Some have had
ouble from lack of care in this particular.
,hen the last of the whole milk is out of
supply cart we run about a gallon of
imemilk through, and lastly about the
me amount of warm water, to clean the
'cam out of the bowl. The cream is then
poled down to about 45 0 Fahrenheit, the
achine and all utensils thoroughly wash-
', and the dairy made neat and tidy—as
very dairy should be. The skim -milk is
hen taken back to the . stable for the
neves, and the cream put into the cream
ail and kept cool until twenty-four hours
efore we wish to churn. I may say that
think a preferable plan would be to have
a neat, dean room in or near the stable,
where the separator might be set,
and when separated the cream could
bis taken to the dairy or cel-
lar, while the skim -milk would be where it
is wanted for feeding. The cream is kept
in one large (10 gallon) tin can, which has a
tin spoon in it for stirring at every addition
of fresh creasn, and also for stirring when
the cream is either cooled or warmed.
Sometimes tke milk is set in deep cans or
creamers, in cord or ice water. When this
is done the inilk is put in the cans while
warm, and cooled to at least 45 0 Fahren-
heit before skimming, which is usually done
at the end of twelve hours. After skim-
ming the cream is handled in the same way
as from the separator, except that it is not
cooled, it being already cold enough.
* Those who still use the small shallow pan
shouldset where the air is pure, the tem-
perature even (fifty to sixty degrees), and
skim, always, before the milk becomes
thick. Do not be afraid to take off some
slehn-milk along with the cream.
CHURNING.
We churn three times a week—Monday,
Wednesday and Saturday. The night be-
fore we churn the cream is warmed to about
66 ° by setting the cream can in another
vessel containing water at about 90 to 100.
We use a large can, but a washtub will
Answer the purpose very well. The cream
Is kept stirred until it gets to the proper
temperature, when ii
t is either placed n a
• "Boyd Ripening Vat" or set in a room
where the temperature is about the sarne
as thea,ertiani. The next afternoon the
is done, but when the weather
becomes very warm we shall churnin the
• morning yrhile it is cool. The bream will
also be eet to ripen earlier if •necessary.
This matter of ripening or souring of the
cream is a very important one in preparing
butter for the present market, and to get
a profitable yield of butter. The only rule
that I can give at present as to when the
cream is ripe or sour enough is that as soon
as it gets about as thick as good maple
•Syruy., eater:ea slightly sour, and has begun
to separate into small particles it is ready
to ehutn, and we then churn it without al-
leewing it to stand any longer.
Our average temperature for churning
during summer is 580 ranging one or two
degrees higher or lower acieeeding to circum-
stances. The creamis brought to this tem-
perature il a manner similar to preparing it
for ripening; it is the» weighed and strain.,
ed through a perforated tin strainer into the
°burn. The cream eauis then rinsed out
with a little water. For every 101e.
of cream we add one dram (about half a
teaspoonful) of Hansen's or Yorkshire but -
tee color. This is done before starting the
churn, and for the purpose of imparting a.
"June grass color" to the butter. •
The churn we use is a No 5 "Daisy."
Two or three times during the first ten min-
utes of churing the plug at the bottoxn is re-
moved to allow the gas to escape. Churn-
ing usually occupies from fifteen to twenty
minutes—seldom over half an hour. The
churn revolves at the rate of 60 or 70 turns to
theminute. As 8000 05 the butter." breaks,"
which we can tell by the swishing sound, or
by the clearing of the glass in the cover, we
add a quart or two of water for each paliful
of cream, the temperature cf the water vary-
ing with the day and the condition of the
cream. On a warm day one can scarcely have
the wa ter too cold,as it will then chill thepar-
tides of butter and make them firm, while at
the same time the water dilutes the butter
milk, allowing a more perfect separation of
the butter. The churning then continues until
the butter granules are about the size of
grains of wheat or little smaller, when the
churn is stopped, the buttermilk drawn off
from below end strained through the strain-
er previously mentioned for the cream.
This strainer serves to catch any particles
of butter which may come out with the
buttermilk; but if the separation has been
complete the butter will float on the top
and none appear in the buttermilk until the
very last We next add either cold water
or weak brine in quantity sufficient to float
tho butter and wash out the buttermilk.
We usually half fill the churn with water,
give it a few rapid turns, and draw off the
milky water. The operation is repeated
with pure, cold water,which generally 'comes
thwey clear. If it is not clear, water is ad-
ded them the third tame, The butter is al-
lowed to draM in the churn for fifteen min-
utes or half en hour, and sometimes the salt
is added while still in the churn, but as a
rule the butter is removed from the churn,
placed in a butter tub and weigbed. It, is
then spiead upon a " V" shaped worker
that slants towards the front and has a lever
fastened at the lower end. Fine salt at the
rate of one ounce for each pound of butter
as it comes from the churn is now sifted on
by means of e Mar sieve. After sifting on
about half of it the butter and salt are gaudy
stirred, when the rest of the salt is added,
and the butter worked by means of the lev-
er. We work sufnciently to remove the
excess of water, to thoroughly incorporate
the salt in every particle of butter, thus
preventing "streaks" and making a firm,
compact body. The butter is then put up in
pound prints made by means of Carver's
butter mould, or a mould made by Moyer
& Son, Toronto. These nney be gauged so
as to print a pound quite accurately, and
their use saves a great deal of labor. Each
print is then wrapped in parchment butter
paper—ono sheet wrapping a pound. On
these sheetsis printed, in such a way that
when folded the words appeur on the top
of each block, the following, which serves
as an advertisement:
FRESH BUTTER
made and put up by the
EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY,
GUELPH.
We never had enough at one churning to
make a shipment, so the blocks of butter
are put in the box. This box is made of
woo$1, containing four wooden trays, with
an opening down the centre in which is
placed a tin vessel filled, with ice, and the
Miele is kept in a cool room until the box
18 fial, when it is taken to 4. commission
inerchant in the city of Guelph.
There are perhaps fifty ways of meking
good butter, and I do not claim that ours
is the best. There are scarcely two persons
that pursue exactly the seine method irr all
the details, but I think the plan here out-
lined will, if carried out in any dairy, give
butter that no ono need be ashamed to
have a buyer examine.
. THIN'OS WE DO NOT DO.
1. We do not consider that we know
everything. about butter making, as some-
thing new is being discovered every month.
Not only from our own work are we con-
tinually learning, hut also from the obser-
vation and research of others.
2. We do not keep a cow that makes less
than. 200 pounds of butter in a year;
3. Nor put the dry cow on a starvation
ration; ,
4. Nor expect a cow to make something
out of nothing.
5. Nor keep our cows in an ice house, hog
pen or dungeon;
6. Nor allow them to go a whole year
without carding or brushing them;
7. Nor depend upon pasture alone for a
supply of summer feed.
8. We do not allow milk to stand very
long in the stable to absorb foul odors.
9. We do not neglect to sirain che milk
at once after milking;
10. Nor set the milk in deep cans in well
water without changing the water at least
twice, or without ice;
11. Nor mix sweet cream with cream to
be churned less than twelve hours before
churning. (The cream is ripened in one
vessel which holds the cream for a whole
churning.)
12, Nor add scalding water to the cream;
nor guess at the temperature with the
finger, nor take two or three hours to
churn.
13. Nor gather the butter until the
"dasher stands on top," and then dip it
out of the buttermilk.
14. Nor add coarse salt by guess; nor
work the butter into grease.
15. And finally we do not send our but-
ter to market wrapped in old rags that may
have seen other service in the home.
To those who wish something more ex-
tensive than can be presented in a bulletih,
I have much pleasure in recommending a
pamphlet published by Smallfield & Sons,
Renfrew, Ont., costing ten cents; and also
O publication by Mrs. E. M. Jones, of
Brockville, On's, coseing about twenty
cents, which is now in press.
Danger in. Vacant Houses.
So long as the house is unoccupied there
is no danger, but when new occupants take
possession of it they will do eyelet() take
the precaution to have it thoroughly aired
for nine days previous, have the cellar
cleaned, the drain pipes examined, the
closets and attics cleaned and disinfected,
and a general overhauling effected. More
or less refuse is always left by the last oc-
cupants of a house, and as these undergo
putrefaction while the windows and doors
are tightly closed, the whole house becomes
infected. This explains why fevers and
other germ diseases so often arise after the
occupation oa a new house.—tCloocl Health.
eee
DOW BEHEADING FEELS.
The Anguish Which the Read Suffers After
Decapitaticai.
The double execution by decapitation
which took place Saturday, April 23, at
Goerlitz, Germany, of the two murderers,
Knoll aud Heydrich, caused tierious discus-
sion of the anachronism of inflicting death
by beheading. This brings to mind that
'tioning. Dr. D—at this point examined the
head in the basket,tonching its forehea,d,ite
temples, its teeth; all was icy. The head
was dead.
liereditx and Environtent.
Mr. T. fi. Kellogg, in &recent issue of the
Chicago Stedent, discusses the question of
the influence of heredity and environment.
He says that if yougelant thistle seed and
an orange seed in the same plot of ground
one experience was left to be added to the
and let them grow together in the same
glories of hypnotism, It had never been
earth, the same air, the same sunlight, and
thought to transmit a suggestion th an in-
dividual about to be beheaded and then ac- the same care, is there any question as to
curately observe the sensations felt at the what the result would be? Although the
moment of torture.
analogy between plant heredity and envi-
The celebrated Belgian painter, Mertz, ronment does not hold strictly with regard
whose works are collected in the Musee to humao heredity and environment, it is
certainly true that an individual receives a
very strong bias from his heredity. Strong
inclieations and congenital deformities of
Wiertz, Bruxelles, must be considered a pre-
cursor of such a test.
Wiertavvas not an adept in occult sciences. character thue conferred remain, to a His investigation investigation was impelled by geueros- tain extent through life, just as do inherit-
ity of sentiment rather than through vain ed physical infirmities. Nevertheless, we
curiosity. What occupied his mind was the must recognize the foot that mans individ-
legitima,te question of the death penalty, nals, inheriting badly deformed brans, do,
ansi he was ceaselesely haunted by the de- under favorable conditions, develop very
sire to penetrate into the mysteries of death
different characteristios from what they
through t e torture of the gui . o ' would under unfavorable conditions; but a
Is it true that the anguish endures but a person with goosi heredity and one with bad
second? What does the culprit think? heredity cannot possibly develop equally
What does he feel at the fatal moment when ' under the same environment and conditions.
the deadly knife falls heavily upon his nook? The question of heredity also involves that
All such questions harassed the miud of ' of individual responsibility. Look over
the artist. Wertz was a close acquaintance' the inmates of any State prison and you
of M. el--, the physician in attendance at' will come to the conclusion that they are
the prison in Braxelles, and was liltewise a race by themselves. Most of them
an intimate friend '1 Dr. D7, a soientise, ' have small heads and deformed skulls,
who heel for more than thirty years de.; the side of the skall unequal, and but eew
voted himself to the study of hypnotism. of them are in sound physical health. The
The latter had often hypnotized the painter, great majority of convicts show in their
who had already proved to be a wonderfully fame evidences of degeneracy and a low
suseeptible subject. type of character. In tact, the type is so
Wiertz, favored with the permission of distinctly marked that we have what is
M. M—, the prison official, and the consent known as the "criminal class." We cannot
of Die D—, determined upon the following • determine how much human beings are re
experiment: He would place himself under sponsible for what they do. If a man steals,
the guillotine, where the severed head of ; it may be because he has acquisitiveness
the ondemned rolls into the basket, and • largely developed, while his conscientious -
there be allowed to be put to seep through iness is small,. for &MA whose moral organs
hypnotism and Qrdered to penetrate the are small end who has lerge acquisitiveness
mental and bodily sensations of those axe- ; is almost certain to be a thief. Is he, then,
cuted. Preparatory to this test, a few days ; any more responsible for not walking along
before a decapitation occurred, he submit- in the straight line of honesty than another
ted to be put to sleep by Dr. D—, who in. man who has inherited some deformity of
flueuced him to identify himself with differ -lids limbs is responsible for not walking as
ent people in order to read their thoughts symmetrically as a enan with equal legs?
—to penetrate their vary souls and con- We meet admit that such persona are re -
sciences —so as to experience all the send.' sponsible to a certain degree for their acts,
ments wbich agitated them. Wiertz proved but just the degree no one but God really
taiirt fitting person for so delicate a rine- knows. Our civil laws, however, make no
difference in their judgment of such, and I
About 10 minutes previous to the arrival' those who, with good moral development,
'allow themselves to descend in the scale
of the condemned the day of the execution
Wiertz, accompanied by his lriend, Dr. D until they lose all sense of propriety, and
aud two witnesses, proceeded to the the riglits of property and become thieves,
g,uillotine, and there placing themselves The subject of heredity and its min -
close to the fatal basket beneath the scaf- ciples and influences should be rightly
fold, but unsuspeeteceby the public, Wiertz understood by every parent. Children have
was hypnotized b the doctor. While in a divine right to be well-born.
this condition, ur. D—obliged him to
identify hitnself with the victim, to follow
minutely all his thoughts and to feel and
express aloud the sensations affectiug the
criminal just at that moment when the
knife entered his neck. He ordered him
filially, just as the head fell into the basket
to make an effort to enter that brain and
analyze the last thoughts there impressed.
The three friends who accompunied the
painter stood there in breathless silence
anxiously awaiting developments. The
tread of feet overhead warns them that the
condemned is boing led by the excutioner
to the death -dealing machine.
The culprit ascends the scaffold ; another
instant aud the guillotine will have accom-
plished it bloody work.
The doctor watlies Wiertz and notices
that he is extremely perturbed. He stipple.
cates piteously to be awakened. The an-
guish oppressing him is intolerable. But—it
is too late—the knife has fallen.
"What do you feel ? What do you see?
questions the doctor.
The painter, struggling with convulsions,
answers, moaning : " A lightning ! The
thunderbolt has fallen 1 Oh, horror 1 The
head thinks, the head sees !
"It suffers horribly 1 It hears, it feels,
it thinks but cannot comprehend what has
happened.
" It looks for Re body. It seems as if
the body must come and join it. It expects
the final blow. It awaits death, but death
will not come 1"
While Wiertz was giving utterance to
these shocking sentences the other witnesses,
who had noticed the head falling through
the bag to the bottom of the basket, crown
downward and bleeding neck upwerd, ob-
served that it was looking at them with
month widely distended and teeth tightly
clinched. The arteries still pulsated palp-
ably where the 'mite had severed them, and
the warm blood spurted out, spattering the
eyes, the face, the hair.
The painter continued his woful lamenta-
tions.
"Ah ! what hand is this strangling me
An enormous, merciless hand. O11 1 this
pressure crushes me. Nothing but a large,
red cloud 'do I see. Shall I ever liberate mye
self from this accursed hand? Letloose, you
monster I Vainly do I struggle with both
my hands. What is this I feel? An open
wound. and my blood flowing. I'm nothing
but a head rent from the body 1"
It was only after long suffering that must
haveeeteepecterietifess in its endurance that
the decapitated head realized its separation
from the body.
Wiertz had again subsided into somno-
lence, and Dr. D—continued his Interroga-
tories.
"What do you see now? Where are you ?"
The painter answered: "1 fly into open
space like a wheel through a fire. But — am
I dead? Is all over with me? Oh 1 if they
would: only join my body with my head
again ! Oh ! men have mercy; restore my
body to me and I shall live again. I still
think. I still see. I yet remember every-
thing. There are my judges clad in dark
robes. They 'utter my sentence ! Oh 1 my
poor bereaved wife 1 My wretched, unfor-
tunate child 1 You love me no longer. You
abandon me. If you only would unite me
with my bodyl should be with you again.
No ! You are insensible to my entreaties.
But I love you still, my poor darlings. Let
me but embrace you once again. Come, my
little child. No 1 You shudder with fear.
Oh ! unfortunate, you are stained with my
blood. When will this ghastly racking end?
End? Is not the criminal doomed to etern-
al punishment ?"
• While the sleeping artist described these
frightful sensations the bystanders noted
that the orbs in the severed head were
immensely dilated and expressed a look of
indescribable agony and intense pleading.
The bewailing continued;
"No, no, auch torture cannot last forever 1
God is merciful 1 Now all belonging to
earth fades from my sight. I see afar in the
remote distance a star glistening and scintil-
lating. Oh, how restful it must be there 1
How relieved I feel. My entire being is
soothed by the *gentle balm of peace and
calmness. What a tranquil slumber I shall
have. Oh, what ecstasy 1"
These were the last words uttered by the
hypnotic subject. Although still in this
sleep, he failed to answer any further ques-
Awful Disasters In the 'United States.
If the remaiuing six months of this year
shall duplicate or even approximate to the
record of diasters which have occurred in
the first six the year 1892 will be set down as
the most fatal to life in the United States
that ever has been known. Fires, floods, ex-
plosions, mine casualties, cyclones, wind-
storms, lightning—all the dementia forces
indeed seem to have combined with human
agencies to destroy life, and to present an
aggregate of great disasters in comparison
with which ordinarily terrible events seem
to lose their significance or attract personal
attention only. Since Jan. 1 there have
been loisr destructive wind -storms, killing
nearly 200 persons—viz. : April 1, Missouri
and Kansas, 75; May 16, Texas, 15; May
27, Wellington, Kas., 53; June 16, Sonth-
ern Minnesota, 50. In the same period
there have been four great floods—viz. :
April 1], Tombigbee River, 250; May 18,
Sioux City, Ia., 35; May 20, Lower Missis-
sippi, 36; June 5, fire and flood, Oil Creek,
Pa., 196. There also have been four min-
ing disasters—viz. : Jan. 7, MeAllester, I.
T., 65; April 20, Minersville, Pa., 12; May
10, Roslyn, Wash., 44; May 14, Butte, Mont.,
11. Three fires have been unusually disas-
trous to life—viz. : Jan. 21, Indianapolis
Surgical Institute, 19; Feb. 7, Hotel Royal,
New York,30;Apri128,theater,Philadelphia,
'12. Besides these there were on March 91
an explosion at Jordan, Mich., by which 10
lives were lost; June 13, the explosion at
the Mare Island Navy -Yard which killed
15 ; end June 15, the fall of the bridge over
Licking River by whicb e2 lives were sacri-
ficed. These are the principal disasters of
the year thus far and they involve an ag-
gregate of 960 lives. Adding to this total
the sum of losses by minor accidents we
have the following sad and unusual record:
By fire, 870; by drowning, 1,364; by ex-
plosions, 313; by falling structures of vari-
ous kinds, 207; by mine disasters, 308; by
wind -storms, 340; and by lightning, 120;
grand total, 3,588. The total loss of life by
these causes dm ing the whole of last year—
end 1891 was one of the most destructive
years en record—was 5,762. So it is evi-
denb that 192 will far surpass its predeces-
sor. It is a sad and appalling record this
of great disasters following so closely upon
each other's heels. It recalls the days of
the Civil War when one took up the morn
ing paper only to read the list of killed and
wounded in the previous day's battle, and
with the same result then as now—viz.:
that the great battles so overshadowed the
smaller ones that little attention was paid
to the latter. So now the great cataclysms
so far eclipse the smaller ones that the lat-
ter, though they would be considered as
shocking and exceptional in any ordinary
time, are now hardly an hour's wonder.
Sympathy for Mr. Blaine.
All America, Canada included, will sym-
aathize with ex -Secretary Blaine in the
great affliction which has fallen upon him
in the death last week of his son, Emmons.
This sudden bereavement, following closely
the logs of his eldest son, Walker, and his
daughter, Mrs. Coppinger, will be a ter-
rible blow. Emmons Blaine was a young
man of much promise. He had excellent
natural abilities, and his business training
had been thorough. Since the death of
Walker Blaine, the second sett had been
more than ever the center of his father's
hopesoul pride, and his brilliant prospects
of a useful and successful career were
doubtless doubly gratifying to the states-
man whose ddmeseic life had been so heavi-
ly clouded by death and by the wayward.
nese of his youngest boy. Circumstances
make the fate of hmmons Blaine peculiarly
trying to his father, inasmuch as the ex-
; eitement and labors attending the Minnea-
I polio convention, when the yoUng Mem
worked early and late from filial loyalty
and affection are believed to have had much
to do with his untimely end. Henceforth
all political striving and ambition will prob-
ably be repugnant, in a new sense, to the
bereaved statesman for whose sake millions
of Americans will feel the loss of Emmons
Blaine as a personal sorrow.
It is useful to know that a little lemon
juice and hot water will remove the scratch-
es made by matches on white pent.
DRAGGED TO IMAM
Dr. Johnston, a Dentinch Merchant, Kill -
cd isy Disliorse Bunning Away -
A Hanover, Ont, despatch says :—This
afternodn Mr. Johnston, a merchant • at
Late lash, in the township of Bentinck, was
driving -with a mare named Glave between
Lartilitsle and Hanover, when the horse they
were driving took fright and ran away,
Johnston told his comrade to jump. Glave
jumped free of the rig and is unhurt, but
Johnston in jumping caught his foot in the
sulky and was dragged a considerable dis-
tance and killed. He leaves a widow and
several children.
Our Forests.
The summer lull in trade is at hand. The
dullness in many leading branches of business
gives an opportunity to review their condi-
tion. The lumber industry is among this
number. Though it has so far recovered
from the demoralization of the last two
years as to be again on a firm basis, sales
have not been ae large as expected and
profits are small. The trade in hemlock
lumber is the most depressed branch of all.
Some of the largeproducem are aggravating
i
the situation by ncreashig their output to
counterbalance the smallness of their mar-
gins. This slaughter of the forests gives
renewed occasion for the forestry people to
write long articles on the rapid disappear-
ance of timber and the increased stability
of the climate. They tell us that within
100 years the North American forest will
disappear unless something is done to re-
produce it. Their figures are apparently
correct. Seventy years is the limit set for
this work of destruction, and, as there are,
at least, 60 years between the sapling
a,nd the sawmill, it looks as if
some remedy should be applied at
once. Still, the lumberman is not
alarmed. koreover, he gives good romans
for his confidence. There are more rafts
on the Rhine thee, tbere are on any Cana-
dian river—probably in the proportion o
two to one. The Black Forest is still a
great timber region ia spite of its ancient
occupation by, grubbing peasants, and all
its timber has been produced under Govern-
ment supervision. A good profit is made
on the timber ond the forest, at. the same
time, increases in value. If Europe can
cultivate forests, Canada can. The hard
woods, especially the nut -bearing sorts,
need only to be let alone to reproduce
themselves rapidly, and the soft woods,
excepting hemlock, will do the same in a
measure. All that is needed to set us cute.
Cleating forests on a large scale is a health-
ful fright. This condition has not been
reached yet, but it will be in time. After
that the forests will hold their own, as they
do in Central Europe. Europe did not
take up forestry till there was need 01 11.
This country will follow her example.
'When that time comes there will not only
be better timber but fewer floods and more
fish and game.
Electric Shocks.
A despatch from London says flash
of lightning causeda sudden transformation
in the dining room of Col. R, Lewis' resi-
dence, yesterday, during the storm. Tho
ligthning ran down the chimney, smashed
the mantelpiece, and broke things up
generally. Several pictures were shaken
off the walls, and the frames demolished.
Fortunately nobody was injured. Lightning
also struck the barn of Mr. Ed. Vincent,
London West, and killed one of his horses
and a pig. It also prostrated Mr. and Mrs.
Vincent, who were in a house near by.
While Messrs. Levi Smith and George
Temple, of Waterford, were working
yesterday in a barn owned by the former,
the building was struck by lightniag. Tem-
ple seems only tohave beenstneenea, but the
shock sustained by Smith watet severer one.1
His clothes were torn fewer his body. His '
recovery is reported deubtful. Miss Barley,
of Piccadilly street, had her face somewhat
burned and her hair singed by a flash of
lightning during the storm.. The chimney
on her residence was also damaged, and
the furniture in one of the rooms injured
considerably.
Might Hurt.
Little Dot—" My new doll has a drefful
dirty face."
Little teick—" Why don't you wash it ?"
Little Dot—" Mamma won't let me. I
deo she's afraid I'll det soap in her eyes.'
A curious incident occurred in a recent
English cricket match. While W. H. Mar-
tin, son of the Captain of the Cobham eleven
was batting he played a ball just beyond
mid-on. A dog, anxious to put himself in
evidence, made for the ball, and before the
fieldsman could get to it was away with' his
prize in hot haste to all parts of the ground.
Meanwhile the batsmen were making the
best of such a rare opportunity and twelve
runs wereput together before the ball could
be recovered. The umpire decided that the
ball was dead, and allowed only four of the
runs to be scored.
The German Emperor belittles himself
by exhibiting abnormal jealousy of his
greatest subject. The demonstrations of
popular interest which are attending Prince
Bismarck's journey to Vienna are resented
from the throne as a personal affront. A
chorus of denunciation has followed from
the Imperialist press, and the Emperor has
indicated his displeasure in unmistakable
terms. The sovereign's grandfather was so
great a ruler that he could honor both Bis-
marck and Moltke without compromising
his own dignity. He invariably contended
that his chief title to distinction was his
ability to discover the two men who could
render Germany the most valuable service.
His grandson evidently considers that a
sovereign cannot remain great if the states-
manship and pee -eminent qualities of any
subject are recognized by the nation. That
is an exhibition of envy which tends to dis-
credit sovereignty.
Russian Poland is ordinarily credited
with suffering oppression and nothing else
under Russian rule. This is probably true,
as far as the old aristocracy is concerned,
which was and is treated with revolting
barbarity; but after the last revolt, in 1863
Alexander II freed the peasants and gave
them the land, confiscating the territorial
rights of the nobles. Peasant proprietor-
ship and the railroads built by Russia for
strategical reasons, with a protective tariff,
have greatly stimulated manufactures, and
Mr. Leo Winiavsky points out, in an ar-
ticle recently piublished in a Norwegian
periodical, the Bergen Samtiden, that the
inenstrial outnet ofPoland has risen from
$15,500,000 in 1857, to $36,500,000 be 1872,
and $95,975,000 in 1884. The 6,627 factor-
ies in 1879 rose to 7,060 in 1882, and while
the factories were less in number in 1884
their output had risen one-half in value.
Out of a population of 8,000,000 all but
1,500,000 live on the land they own. It is
Melly the rapid industrialdevelopment of
Western Russia and the gradual exclusion,
in consequence, of German manufactures
and trade'which has stimulated German
dislike of Russian progress'.
riffmni
A youth beside the water sits,
_The neeenday sun is warmly beareng ;
Ens nose and neck are turkey red,
His eye with radiant hope Le gleenung.
He watches close the bobbing cork
Advance Win the tiny billows ;
A jerk, a swish, and high OM
He lands a sucker in the willevva,
That's fishing.
A fair maid tripe the temeis court,
A dozen eyes admire her going;
Her black -and -yellow blazer burns
A hole right threugh the sunset's ,glowing.
She drives the ball across the net,
And into hearts =smiled with wishing
She drives a dart from Cupid's bow;
She'll land a sucker, too. She's fishing.
That's fishing.
The politician on his rounds
• Tackles both workingman and granger ;
He tries to make them think that he
Alone can MVO the land from danger.
He chucks the baby on the chin
He says your wife looks real youthful,
And, though you know you're fty-flve,
You look just twenty—if he's truthfuL -
That's fishing.
My little wife beside me stands
And steals a dimpled arm around me; '
A kiss upon my lips—that's bait—
Some information to astound me,
Her bonnet is quite out of style,
Her summer warp quite past the wing}
That lovely one—so cheap—at Brown's
Is just the one she would be choosing.
That's fishing.
So, whether the game be fish or men,
The bait be kisses, worms or blushes—
The place at hornet by sunny pool, 1
Or tennis ground at evening's hushes—
tbo old game the serpent played
With Mother Eve in Eden's hewers,
And Adam's sons and daughters all
Will love the sport totime's last hours.
That's &hum
rillars of the Church in a Scrap.
A good thing has just leaked out concern-
ing a church fair held in Utica not very
long ago. When the booths were being put
in position two men had a disagreement as
to wbat position in the hall a certain both
should occupy. It was a small matter, of
course, but each disputant was sure he was
right. There was a war of words, and one
invited the other outside to settle the diffi-
culty. Those who witnessed the settlement
said it was unique and amusing. Which
party set the ball rolling will never be
knevvn. There was a swish of fists in the
air, two angry grunts, a sprinkling of blood.
from two damaged nasal appendages, a
whirl of arms and legs, and the booth
builders rolled over one another in the
mud. Two sorry -looking pillars of the
church they were when separated mad sent
home to recuperate. The booth went up,
but. whether its position was mutually
satisfactory has not been learned.—Utica
Observer.
Straightening Japanese Eyes.
"I was recently in Japan," says an Am-
erican, "and I met there several American
and German doctors who wore getting rich
by straightening the slant in th,e Japanese
eye to make it look like the beloved Cauca-
sian's optic. The Japanese, you know,
show the traces of their Mongolian origin
more plainly in the shape of their eyelids
than in the color of their skin, and those
who can afford it are ridding themselves of
this unmistakable evidence of their despised
ancestry by submitting. to a simple and
comparatively painless surgical operation,
which consists in the surgeon slitting the
tenter rim a the eyelids 11 15 straight line
for the barest infinitesimal part of in ineie.
The wound is then eoveeed WWI a thin.
piece of crane:eager " prepared Backing-
alaeLer, ehe faithful subject of the Mikado
goes on about his business as if nothing had
happened, and in a few days the wound is
healed and he looks on his envious fellows
through lids as straight as the Americeneee.
Chicago Herald.
Paving With Sand and Water.
The most novel street pavement yet sug-
gested is being Mid on Front street, oppo-
site the postoffice, at Palatka, Fla. It is a
water pavement, at least it is popularly
called such. At the last meeting of the
Council permission was secured from the
Council to experiment on Front street, and
on Thursday operations began. The idea
was suggested to the inventor by the hard -
Fess of the seashore, and the principle lies
In keeping the earth constantly damp, so
that traffic thereby makes it the more com-
pact. The street was first levelled; and a
long pipe with perforations was laid in a
trench down the center; the street graded
from the center down the sides—the pipe
being underground. Connection was thep
madewith an artesian well, and the water
running through the pipe. saturated the en-
tire street. It is beginning to harden al-
ready, and the experiment is watched with
great interest. —Florida Times -Union.
Bottom of a Sea Falling out
Scientists tell us that, counting from the
sea level, the lowest body of water on the
globe is the Caspian Sea. For centuries its
surface has bean gradually settling down,
until now it is eighty-five feet lower titan
that of its near neighbor, the Black Sea,
which also lies far below the level ofoceans.
The conunon conclusion all along has been
that the Caspian was simply losing its wa-
ters by evaporation, but recent investiga-
tion shows that this, is not the case. Sound-
ings made and compared with records of
soundings made over one hundred years
ago reveal the astounding fect that there
is even a greater depth of water now than
then. This leaves but one hypothesis that
would seem at all tenable : That the bot-
tom of the sea is actually sinking. There
is much speculation in scientific circles as
to what will be the final outcome.
Political Proverbs.
Polliticks is in the masculine jender.
Good morrels ain't always good pollie
ticks.
The parliamentary bee is our nashunae
inseck.
It takes a expert to stuff a ballot -box Jae
dishusly.
Wimmin voters an' crowin' hens never
come to no good ends.
Callin' a pollitishun tricky is somethine-
like paintin' the ranebo.
A man's politickal chances air like a fire,
too much warter puts them out.
The man that makes much money at nol-
liticks oughtent to foller the bizness ennye
whams nigh a penitenshary.
Wishes.
I wish that friends were always true,
And motives always pure;
I wish the good were not so few,
I wish the bad werejewer.
I wish.thatspair10118 iie'er forgot
n beer.; 'weir pious teachicits;
I wish that practicing was not
$o different from teaching.
Treating Washed Lace.
Everybody knows that washed lace is
improved by being dyed in cold coffee, but
perhaps blondes are not aware that if it be
dipped in •tea it will heeome a color MOr0
likely to suit thein. At: any rate lace
plyed• in tea is a nice change and ,[0,0,4,211
Oesit longer,