HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1890-5-29, Page 2ENTOMBED IN A MINE.
Twenty-ve Colliers Buried Alive, by au
Extensive OaYeetel•
A Wilkesbarre aespatoh of yesterday
SSW A caye.in Otieurred to.day near
Ashley, io No 8 mine, by which 25 ohea
were entombed in the mine, great crowd
gathered upon the spot elraost immediately,
and the compeny took .proropt action
toward liberating the it:esteemed men, but
matters are in each et chaotic contlition
that the results are by no inewas certeire.
The cave is in the worabags on No. 8 slope
of the Lehigh (.4 Wilkesbarre Coe). Corn.
pany, immediately adjoining the mine in
'Which the extensive cave occurred twelve
years ago, imprisoning ten men for over a
week, bet who were finally reeoued
The present mote extende over a half -mile
'square, and includes a portion of the thickly
settled village called Moffettaa peach. A.
large number of houses have gone down
with the madam, bov only a few of them
bave been badly damaged.
It was balf-paat 6 p. m. before the first
rescue party reached the first of the victims.
He was lying at the bottom of a 50.foot
plane, and m order to rescue him it became
necessary to lower a miner down with a
rope. This weal done, and the charred and
blackened form of Anthony Froyne was
hoisted to the eiterfeeoe. He was still alive,
but his injuriee are coneidered fatal.
When the news spread that Froyne was
burned a feeling of gloom came over those
present.
DEAD BODIES SHEN.
The latest report is to the effeot that
the rescuing party has penetrated to within
sight of two dead bodies, but the gas le BO
tbiOli 'that they were driven beck to the
surface. The place is full of black damp,
and further approach in the direction of
the viottms is impossible even with safety
lamps. .Ari it looks now, very little hope
is entertained that any ot the men will be
rescued alive. Wives and mothers crowd
close up to the dark openingtand peer in as
if their love would dispel the darknees of
the fatal depths, while the oriee of the
little ones calling for their fathers make
the hearers siok with pity.
Wreok and ruin was wrought as well on
the surface as in the fatal pit. Nearly a
score of houses are shattered and destroyed,
and the families were compelled to flee for
their lives. The surface, almost as far as
the eye could reach, was seamed and
cracked with long oiroular fissures, some of
which were over two feet wide. Twenty-
eight men in all were entombed.
onsounes DRIVEN OUT.
Midnight—Only three 133811 have been
brought out tlaue far. It is now stated a
lamp set fire to the gas and that maned an
explosion. The rescuing parties have been
driven out of the gangways by the gas.
They were obliged to leave their safety
lamps outside and grope their way batik in
darkness, where nothing could be done but
listen for the groans of the wounded. An
effort is now -being medal° change the air
current, so as to drive the gas back from
where the ',teatime are supposed to be.
THOSE ENTOMBED.
The official list of those imprisoned is as
followe
E. D. Williams, aged 60, married, seven
children,
Harry Parry, aged 50, married, five
children.
Owen Parry, son of above, aged. 17.
M. Henry,aged 42, married, two sons.
T. C. Davie, aged 60, married, eight
children.
John Sculley, aged 20, sole support of a
widowed mother.
M. Sculley, brother of John, aged 27.
D. Sullivan, aged 46, married, seven
children, one an invalid,
John Manson, aged 25, single.
John Allen, aged 35, married, three
ohildren, was taken out seriously burned at
8.30 p. m.
R. W. Roberts, aged 87, married, brought
to surface cit 9 p.m. fatally injured,
H. J. Jones, aged 35, married, three
children.
R. X. Pritchard, aged 30, married, one
child. e
Ohara jarnes, aged 52, married, five chil-
dren.
Anthony Froyne, married, one child,
resCued at 7 p.m.
John James, aged 32, married, two ohil-
dren.
John Williams, aged 35, married, six
children. •
Jonathan Williams, aged 30, married,
tea° children.
R. Jones, aged 30, married, . two chil-
dren.
Wm. Edwards, aged 28, married, twe
children.
T: J. Williams, aged 30, married, one
child.
Thomas Caluss, aged 35, married.
Owen Williams, aged 19, married.
John Hempsey, aged 42, single.
Frank Gallagher, aged 29, single.
Two,Hungarians named Bulb.
A Wilkesbarre despatch gives the fol-
lowing further particulars of the awful
mine horror there: Fire BOBS Allen, who
was rescued frorn the mine alive last night,
died this morning. A large party of
rescnere to -day entered the elope and com•
-
menced working upon the cave beyond,
where three men were found last night.
They soon broke through and rushed into
the chamber beyond, where a elm search
revealed six blaokened corpses near the
opening, none of them recognizable. Fur-
ther along ct.t various places were found
thirteen other beak% all more or lest'
burned, but most of them could not be
recognized. The sight was so horrible that
two or three rescuers fainted. When news
of the finding of the bodies became noised
about a scene ensued around the mouth of
the elope that will never be forgotten. A
strong guard held back the women, who
pteseed forward madly to enter tlae mine.
Half en hour later four men appeared
bearing a body on the etretcher. The
women tore away the blanket, but saw
only the blackene& and charred remains.
Other bodied were brought out as fait as
poesible, and at teen all but five of those
who were in the mine when the caveare
occurred had been found. The bodies were
•oonveyed in ambulances to undertaking
rooma and prepared for burial. At one
o'clock two more bodiea bed been brotight
out. Anthony Froyne and Robt. W.
Roberts, who were resoued last night, are
in a critical condition. It is believed they
will die.
DUE TO CARELESSNESS.
GenerethSuperintendent Phillipe to -day
eala : The men lost their lives through
the iaegligence of Assistant Mine I3oss
Alien, who theisted on relighting his lamp
in the preeenoe of large vOltimes of gas.
Had he not date SO the Men now dead
could all have Iseen teemed alive, as there
was a good cement of air going thtottgh
the chamber where the Men had taken
refuge alter the ceve-in had ()I:tetrad.
At 8 o'clotat tide (Mimi:* ail operations
at the mines were abandoned. There am
yet obi men in the &tel. chamber. To.
wormer morning eieetationg will be re-
finmed, and this week of resent' pethed
Mita the temaining bodide etre tecovered.
The: cave la believed to be due td the exe
oessive amount of ooel remeved, not suffit
oient being left to carry the euperincumb.
ent rook. The roof was specially
dengerous. Frequent commeut ia matte
on the faot that the explosion tvbioh fol.
lowed the oave•in, like many others of
recent occurrence, weal doe to the carelese.
nese of fire beep- Only a week ago two
fire femme were convieted of °month care-
leseness and fined $50 each, and another is
now cheeping trial, while several others
have lost their lives along with oeveral
fella:he-Workmen.
OALLANT EFEOLT AT. lie:soon.
It is now halted that it was through the
daring efforts of Mita inapootor Wililams
that the fate of the imarisonea miners
was leaned this morning. Alter onmer.
me attempts to enter the mine through the
newly. mad e openiug; the offieials ooe el uded
the air current must be changed, and left I
with their workmen for thie purpose.
Inopector Williams became impatient of
delay, and with Abeclnego Rees made
another attempt to penetrate the workings.
Gas abounded despite the strong air oar -
rent drawing through the gangway, and
their safety lamps glared and flickered in a
manner telling of fearful danger. They
persisted, however, and followed the gang.
way 300 feet. Waiting but a moment for
the air to °leer, they advanced down a
steep incline of nearly 60 degrees, SOO feet
further, when gas became eo plentiful that
they again paused. Finally advancing 500
feet through the main gangway, they
came to a large chamber, which proved a
chamber of horrors. By the faint glow
et their lamps the two men discovered on
every Bide
CORPSES BLACKENED, BURNED AND IkaNGLED.
The mine inspeotor counted the bodies,
nineteen in all. Here lay a man with his
head miming, there a boy stripped of every
shred of clothing and covered with wounds.
Another lay near by with one arm and one
foot blown off. Dead bodies of mules lay
oruehea to a jelly by mine oars, which
were scattered about in splinters. The
two men soon hurried back to open air and
summoned help. Stretchers and sheets
were brought, ropes provided and a rude
sled, built to draw the corpses up a steep
inoline. Soon the work of removing the
dead bodies was under way, and terrible
scenes were witnessed aa they were brought
to the surface. The first body was that of
a Hungarian. It was taken to his boarding-
house. Hie fellow -countrymen refueed to
receive it, but it was taken in in spite of
their protests. At 5 p.m. it lay there, yet
unoared for, an unsightly object. The
company directed that the bodies be taken
to an undertaking establishment, and made
as presentable as possible. They were
removed later to their homes, and the
oompany will see to their proper burial.
HOW THE EMOSION OCCURRED.
A. later despatch explains that the three
men who were resoued last night had
separated from the others after the cavedn,
and advised them to follow them oat, but
they refused. They then waleed along the
gangway on their way oat, by the aban-
doned opening through which the rescuing
party entered. When about 250 feet from
the surface Allen's naked lamp set fire to
the gas and the explosion occurred. The
others were waiting 500 feet still further in
the mine for the rescuing party to enter by
the slope and dig away the debris of the
wall. It is presumed they were overcome
by the afterdamp of the explosion and
rendered 'unconscious. They did not know
of the opening for which the three men
were making, and waited in vain for the
resotiers from the other side. The number
of men atill in the mine is uncertain, as
Thursday was a Church holiday and most
of the miners were idle, no record being
kept of those who were at work. The
families of the dead miners are in extreMia
poverty. The company will look after
their wants.
Busseee'S DIScolAtne.
Civilized Nations Urging 'Reforms of the
Prison System on the Czar.
A. London cable says: If the Czar does
not take steps to modify the workingg and
affects of the prison system in Siberia, it
will not be because the existing evils arenot
called to his attention, or, at least, to the
notice of his Ministers and others around
him. Private letters and despatches from
St. Petersburg state that petitions from
England, Amerioa, Germany, France and
other countries are arriving at the respec-
tive embassies and legations in great pro-
fueion, with requests that they be laid
before the Czar immediately. Forwarding
petitione to Russia is a comparatively easy
matter, but laying them before the Ozer is
quite another thing, and it is extremely
aoubtful that his ImperialMajesty will ever
see a single one of the numerous appeals to
his clemency in behalf of the Siberian
exiles, though he will doubtless be informed
as to their number, volume and charaoter.
The Government officials still stoutly aver
that the reports of cruelties to prisoners in
Siberia are wholly false, and if anything is
done to mitigate the unhappy condition of
those unfortunates, it is safe to say it will
be done so quietly that nothing will ever be
definitely known as to the character and
extent of the modification.
Railway Conductors In Session.
A Rochester despatoh of Sunday says:
At the session of the railway conductors
held yesterday, the election of offieers was
taken up. There were numerous candi-
dates for each office. The officers elected
were as follows: Grand Chief Conductor,
E. E. Clark, Ogden, Utah; Grand Junior
Conductor, J. D. Shultz, Rochester, N. L;
Grand Inside Sentinel, F. 3. Doreey,
Winnipeg, Man.; Grand Outside Sentinel,
F. S. Brater, Sioux City; Member of
Executive Committee, R. E. Fitzgerald,
St. Louis, Mo.; Member of Insurances
Committee, Sam Phipps,Philipsburg, N.J.
The next convention will be held et ,St.
Louis. Grand Chief Conductor 'Wheaton
declined to be a candidate for renomination
on account of being oppoeed to the elimin-
ation of the strike clause.
A Great Peat iix Reliographing.
A Peesoott, Ariz., despatch says : The
greatest achievement made yet in hello -
graphing was acoompliehed during practice
in the department of Arizona yesterday. by
Lieut. Wittenmeyer, who eignalled a mes-
sage, by a single flash, 125 miles from
Mount Reno, near Fort Biel/Owen, to
3YEottut Graham, near Fort Grant, where it
was received byCapt. Murray. The latter
i
by turning his nstrument flashea the mes-
sage to Fort Hued:atm:la, a distanoe of 90
miles, making a total distance of 215 ranee
with a siogle intervening station. The
longest distance heretofore with a single
flash ie Fetid to be about 70 ranee.
a—'An old-fashionecl woman :aye rain in
May means bread all the year.
Thoma a E. Murphy, one of the Racoon
plished sons of Fraocis Murphy, the ternt
petance lecturer, has been offered 010,000
fer hie onheighth intereat ih an oil well in
Etie county, for which he vvould hey° taken
8100 a month ago.
--The top-kriot Of feminine heir is corn -
big off.
—There ie a testa amount of solid retiree -
tion about being leWlees meta it a while
TUE coNiiree8e1ON Fa Inf.
An Anti-hevaioniet Report by the Sara -
tom* Committee.
A Saratoga deepetela says t In the Pres,
byterien Assembly to -day the Committee
on Methods of Effecting Changes in the
Confession of Faith and the Conetitution of
the Church reported :
1. That since the differences ot opinion
as to the methods of amendment to the
Confession of ataith and the Larger and
Shorter Catechisms are so mare ed and
widespread, it is unwiee to raise the iesues
involved in the General Aesenably.
2. That this Church has always °onside
ered the doctrine ot mole vital importauce
that changes in the dootrinal standards
should be made under greater restrictions
than olaanges or alterations in the form of
government, the book of discipline, and the
directory of worship.
3. That the methods of doctrinal Altera-
tion should be included in the constitution
itself and in definite terms.
4. That the Church, speaking °facially
through the presbyteries, can alone deter.
mine with authority the questions at lame.
Therefore the committee recommends
that the question be transmitted to
the preebyteries, where there 'shall
be added to the terra of government Chapter
XXIII. of amendments providing (firet) for
She proposal by the Geoeral Assembly to
the Presbyteries of amendmentrepr altera-
tions of the form of government, book of
discipline and directory for worship, but
that these shall not be obligatory unless a
majority of all the Presbyteries approve in
writing. (Second) That alterations in the
doctrinal standards shall not be proposed
to the Prete byteriee unlessthey have been
under consideration for one year by a com-
mittee of not less than 15 ministers and
ruling elders, not more than two of whom
shall be from any one Synod. (Third)
No alteration shall be made in the provi-
sions of this ohapter for change: in the
doctrinal standards unless an overture
from the General Assembly eubmitting the
proposed alterations shall be transmitted
to all the Presbyteries and be approved in
writing by two-thitds of them.
(4) The General Assembly must trans-
mit to the Presbyteries any overture sub-
mitted to it by one-third of all the
Presbyteries.
(5) Any amendment so submitted and
approved shall go into effect immediately
after the General Aseembly ahall have cer-
tified the fact.
The committee also recommended that
the Presbyteries be directed to answer the
overture as a whole by a simple yea or nay,
to be reported to the stated clerk in time
to be presented to the next General Assem-
bly.
A SIBISRIAN-ROLOOAUST.
Brutal. Troops Refuse to Aid in Saving
zitues, Lives.
A St. Petersburg cable says: •Horrible
scenes are reported as having occurreadur-
ing the buring of Tomsk, the capital of
Western Siberia. The place was visited
simultaneously by a oonflagratiort and a
oy clone, the result of the oonabined disas-
ters being the destruotion of three-quarters
of the buildings, which were of wood, and
the loss of hundreds et lives.
The cathedral, situated in *he High
Town, is in tithes. The walls of the edifice,
in falling, crushed an adjacent hospital,
burying the inmates,who were subsequently
roasted alive.
The garrison brutally refused to render
the least assistance in saving lives and pro-
perty, on the plea that they had enough to
do to proteot the barracks and. other. Gov -
eminent buildings. They also' aaaea that
they had no time to assist " worthless ex-
iles."
In strong °entreat to this notion of the
troops was that of the worthy bishop and
hie assistant priests. Marching through
the burning city at the head of a prooes.
don, with banners and other sacred em-
blems. he stepped at frequent intervals to
give absolution to the dying and to bless
the dead. And never was the consolation
carried by these soared rites more greatly
needed than by the panie-strioken mob of
sufferers, wbo, huddled together in the
streets, and firmly believing that the end
of the world bad come, abandoned them-
selves to stolid despair.
Mizell of the suffering, however, might
have been averted had there been the
slightest attempt at organized relief. As if
fire and water were not capable of inflict-
ing misery enough on the unfortunate out.
casts, the storm was followed by a sudden
fall in the temperature, and soon the
devastated oity was buried beneath a man-
tle of snow that added stinging cold to the
sufferings of the thousands of shelterless
men, women and children.
The Contract Labor Law Fails.
A Pittsburg despatoh says: The civil
action of the United States against the
Chambers McKee Glass Company, James
Campbell arid Mr. Slicker, to recover $1,000
penalty for the importation under contract
of Charles Ford, an English glass -worker,
was tried yesterday. The jury rendered a
verdict in favor of the defendants without
leaving their seats. This as a test case,
and had the verdict been for the Govern-
ment similar action would have been
brought in the cages of 45 other glass-
blowers, who came to America at the same
time under similar circumstances. The
Government put all the defendants on the
stand and a 'et:mbar of imported men.
Joseph's Reservoir.
A. depression has been discovered in the
Egyptian Desert widele is all that remains
of a reservoir constructed by the patriarch
Joseph for irrigation purposes when he was
Pharoah's Prime Minister. It is proposed
to reopen it; and it has been estimated that
this would add 3,200,000 acres to the 6,000,.
000 acres now under cultivation in Egypt.
The reservoir originally covered 250 square
miles and was 250 feet deep.
origin of the Word"
The wad" eleapel " has a highly roman-
tic origin. It is essociated with the story
of St. Martin's sharing his cloak with a
beggar. " Cloaks," in late Latin, is
cappella, a little cloak, or cape, from coma,
oleah, eaPe, cope. The Feankieh kings
preserved St. Martina" cloak as a sacred
relic. They had bi cartied before them
into battle, and used it to give eanotity to
oaths. It was preserved in a sanctuary,
under the care of speoial minieters called
eaphellani, or ohaplaine, atid from the
ministers the name cone to be attached to
the building, in old Norse Frentaa °Rale,
Proveneel capello, Italian cappella, and
thence to any eanctuary containirig relics,
and so to any privet° sanctuary or holy
pleen.—alontreca Star.
In 1888 the United States paid in pen-
sione 880,288,508.77. In 1889 they paid
$87,624,779.11, The cost of the German
army, it May be interesting to 'tote, is for
thie yea k estimateci at $91,726,203.
BeSides penaioies the U. S. army code
880,000,000.
The Wartime(' Lanza hae in Inept,
through the Levelly, a new novel entitled
"A Modern Marriage." .It is one of het
best effotte, and will be betted in handerntle
style on heavy celendeted paper th Attractive
otevere of original deeign.
Teinora-ho tat RIIXED.
Terrible Explosion of Gunpowder in a
Cuban hardware $tore.
A Havana despatoh says: At 11 o'clock
lath Dight a flee broke out in YOhOl'El hard-
ware store. In a short time tile filmes
reached a barrel of powder in the building
and a terrific explosion followed. The
whole struoture was blown to pieces rind
twenty-two preens were killed. Among
the dead are four fire chiefs, Senores
MUSset, Zenervitob, Oscar Couill, Francesco
Ordovery, and the Venezuelan Consul,
Senor Francesco Silva, who was in front of
the building at the time of the explosion.
In aciditima to the killed over one hundred
persons are injured. The explosion caused
the wildest excitement throughout the city
and thousands iloolted to the wane of the.
disaster. The Governor-Generel, the Civil
Governor and ell the prineipal authorities
of the oity were promptly on the ground
and did everything in their power to aid
the injured and calm the grief-stricken
relatives of the victims. Several houses
adjacent to the wreeked building were
damaged y the explosion.
Later— Gangs of men are at work on the
debris. Many hunien limbs have been
taken from the ruins. The relatives of
missing persons supposed to be in the ruins
are gathered on the spot and as the bodies
ate brought out the scenes are most dis-
tressing. The conduct of the ituthoritioi
is the ;subject of universal praise. The
highest officials have incurred personal riBIE
in conducting the Beer& for the dead,
and have offered the use of their own oar.
riagee to convey the injured to the hospitals.
Yoacii, the proprietor of the wrecked hard-
ware store, bas been arrested. It is feared
that there are severed more victims in the
ruine. Over the theatres and Chamber of
Commerce, and many other buildings, flap
are hanging at half.mast. Everywhere are
signs of mourning. Up to the present time
the number of the dead is 34.
EXPENSIVE WARDS.
What Rinds and Quantities of Food "Inch)
Sam's Indians Eat.
Unole Sam's bill for Indian supplies is
usually a large one, but, unlike the pension
charge, it does not increase as the numbers
dependent upon it diminish. Among the
articles for which the department are now
negotiating are the following: About 900,-
000 pounds bacon, 34,000,000 pounds beef
on tbe hoof, 1,000,000 pounds net beef,
270,000 pounds beans, 63,000 pounds
baking powder, 500,000 pounds corn, 480,-
000 pounds coffee, 8,500,000 pounds flour,
55,000 pounde feed, 155,000 pounds hard
bread, 65,000 pounds hominy, 30,000
pounds lard, 700 barrels mese pork, 17,000
pounds oatmeal, 450,000 plums oats, 125,-
000 pounds rice, 9,000 pounds tea, 340,000
pouuds salt, 280,000 pounds soap, 920,000
pounds sugar and 70,000 pounds wheat.
Also blankets, woolen and cotton goods
(consisting, in part of tioking, 13,000 yards;
standard calico, 100,000 yards; drilling,
14,000 yards; duck, free from all sizing,
28,000 yards; denims, 15,000 yards; ging-
ham, 330,000 yards; Kentucky jeans, 11,-
000 yards; oheviot, 17,000 yams; brown
sheeting, 230,000 yards; bleached sheeting,
25,000 yards; hickory shirting, 15,000
yards; calico shirting, 7,000 yards; wineey,
2,000 yards); clothing, groceries, notions,
hardware, medical supplies, school books,
etc., and a long list of miscellaneous arti-
cles, such as harness, ploughs, rakes, forks,
etc., and 2or about 860 waggons required
for the service.
The British. Museum Open at Night.
Thirty years hey° elapsed slime a select
committee of the House of Commons
recommended that the British museum
should be open to the public between the
hours of 7 andel° p.m. Throughout tiaras
decades °fueled passivity boa successfully
withstood innumerable efforts on behalf of
the people to bring about this desirable
innovation. At length, however, those In
high places who emulate the conservatism
of Mrs. Partington, and cling as tightly to
the " reshand-be-tb.ankfnl " policy as that
reaotionary old lady did to her chean
spurning broom, have been compelled to
comply with one moiety of the ream
mendation put forward by the Parlia-
mentary committee of March, 1860. To
the other—namely that the National Gal-
lery should also be thrown open thrice a
week until 10 p.m.—they will, in all proba-
bility, reluctantly accede thirty years
henue.—Galignameas Messenger.
Lord Bute's Costly Palace.
The largest and aostliest private man-
sion in the world is said to be that belong-
ing to Lord Buts, called " Montetuarta'
and situated near Rothesay, says Chatter.
It covers nearly two sores, and is built in
Gothio style, the walls, turrets and Val.
conies being of stone. The immense tower
in the centre of the building is 120 feet
high, with a balcony around the top. The
halls are constructed entirely of marble
and alabaster; all the rooms are finished
in mahogany, rosewood and walnut; the
fireplaces are all carved marbles of antique
designs. The exaot cost of this place is
not known, but it has never been estimated
at less than $9,000,000. This proves the
greater purchasing power of money in
Europe, since the New York Court House
coat about that aura and is a mere shanty
by oomparieon.
To obtain sleep.
Among the varume remedies for sleep-
lessness lately advised is that in whioh the
subject, after taking a deep inspiration,
holds hie breath until discomfort ia felt,
then repeats the process a second and a
third time, this being, as a rule, enough to
procure sleep. A slight degree of asphyxia
is tbilei relied on as a sporiflo agent, bat the
theoretical correctness of this method is
somewhat open to question.—London
Lancet.
A Solemn Thought.
The feeling you have for a dead man, the
people will have for you after you are dead.
Yoa want a dead body out of your eight as
soon as pesticidal° ; thet will be the feeling
with reference to your clay. Yon see a
nee:heel ef eertla yourself, like other people.
You may think diet your funeral will be
largely attended; notice the funeral of a
man in your walk of life, and you can
count the carriages in your own,--Atehison
Globe.
e—The girls are wearing jackets juet like
men's cutaway contra
—A. bright eilk rosette at the threat has
crotvded out the jewelry.
—Nothing lowers a persone standing
faster than being a chronic' grembler,
A RECIrE VOR A Deis',
Talc° a little dash of cold water
And a little leaven ofprayer,
And a little hit of mormeg geld
Dissolved in the morning air,
Add to your ineal some merriment
And a thought for kith and kin,
And then, as your prime ingredient,
A plenty of work thrown in.
But Spice it ail with the essence of lova
And a littlo whiff of play,
Let e wise old book and a &tee above
Complete the well -made day,
Never let the atin go down without doing
801330 kind sot that will realm yotir pillow
for caked udder; that buttermilk and wheat _
THE BUSI HUSBANDMAN
loran fed daily to bees will 0141180 eupply
of eggs the year round, arid that farraere
who sell butter, eggs and chickens never
need credit,
atonel and hound.
Dr, Garretson le aecteatoreed to illustrate
the materialistic tendencies of the age ay
an imaginary conversation with a western
farmer : " Why do you raise corn ?" " Uo
feed hop." " What for 7" "To sell them
end buy more land. What for ?" "To
raise more corn," " Whet for 2" " To
feed more hogs." " What thr ?" " To sell
and buy more land," and so on,
Points to be Remembered in the Work-
ing of a EEL
FARMING AS A PROFRSSION,
Dilefhl Hints and Interesting Notes for all
TillerS Of the 201
Lab,ir as a hector In rarinime.
The item of labor is the largest in the
list of the fernier, and its value is not
dependent on the amount pertormed, but
rather ma the time, place and mode of
application. It is a very difficult matter
to so regulate the work es to make every
hour Profitable, and the ekill and ingenuity
of the farmer can be called into aiervice
to its fullest extent in ado department.
Labor may be reduced not by ourtailiag
the number of persons employed in all
oases, hut by securing a greater proportion
of service in the proper applioetion of
lebor, with a oorreeponding inerease of
profit, the vet being reduced by the saving
of time and lessening of the waste of force.
The usual farm crops grown are but
repetitions of one year after another. A
crop of vvheat must be seeded down, bar.
veatea, threshed, °leaned, bagged and
batlike the time required for so doing
being equal to that which may b8 applied
to some other crop that may cost the same
but yielding a larger profit. The failure of
the farmer to grow the more profitable orop
is simply a misapplication or the labor of
his men and teanee. When a orop faile to
pay the work should be turned in some
other direction. What the change of crops
may be the farmer only can decide for
himself, as climate, capital invested, 0013-
dition of the soil and facilities for reaohing
the market must serve BB guides, but it is
safe to state that on every farm some
crop may be grown to advantage it the
labor is properly applied and the farmer
is progreesive enough to venture outside
of grain growing, for until he deter-
mines to devote his labor only to the
crops that give greater opporttenitiee for
profit he will incur risks of lose every
season.
An acre devoted to grain may demand
more labor than an acre devoted to straw-
berries, but the latter will pay a larger
profit. Crops of celery and asparagus are
grown in some sections that yield enor.
mous profits compared with the 008t of
production. Theee crops depend on
conditions, but the farmer oan also be a
fruit -grower, or make a specialty of certain
breede of stook. The simple change of one
breed of cattle or sheep for another better
adapted for the farm is often a turning
point of success. Failures may also 000ur
by attempting vo G001301311E0 in the amount
of work done by reducing the help when
additional assistance might have enabled
the farmer to produce a profitable crop.
Skilled laborers, at an advance of wages
over those that are inexperienced, may
decrease expenees by the work being done
to greater advantage. The farmer should
not fear to grow a. crop because of the
amount of work necessary, for, as a rule, it
is the cost of the labor that largely fixes the
price of the crop, and the profit depends on
the kind of crop grown.
The Farmer's TAfe.
.As a rule, the farmet's life is one of hard
werk and confined to naerow limits, bat
there is usually more drudgery and con-
finement about it than there need be. We
have but to look around a little to be satis-
fied it is not the farnaer who does the most
physical labor end stays at home the most
that succeeds beat. The most successful
farmers are thoee who so plan their work
as to lessen the burdens of toil and who
get out among their fellows to attend far-
mers' clubs, conventions and inatitutes.
But, admitting that farnabig involves hard
physical labor, does it not escape much of
the anxiety and mental worry that harrass
the merchant and even the professional
man What °thee calling, although its
profits may be small, gives a surer reward
and involves so few failures? His field may
be narrow in physical scope, but where is
there a broader field for the acquieition of
knowledge and the exercise and expansion
of intellect? No kind of knowledge comes
amiss to the farmer; and he has but to
provide himself with a proper library and
to pursue his calling in the light of intelli-
gent observation tobecorne the moat learned
man of all she vocations. Hie occupation
involves all the branches of useful know-
ledge, andeif the farmers do not stand
educationally and intellectually above all
other classes it is their fault and not that
of their•oalling.
Ilarrowinc Wheat in the spring.
We have made repeated trials of
harrowing wheat in the spring with is
smoothing harrow. The work beingdone
first as soon as the ground was sufficiently
hard and dry, and again when about a foot
high. Breaking the hardened crust and
making a fine mellow surface among the
plants had obviously an excellent effect;
the heads of wheat werelonger than usual,
and the increase was estimated at five
bushels more per acre then unharrowed
wheat. The last harrowing was aocona-
pained with the sowing of clover seed,
which succeeded well and produced a good
growth. At the last harrowing the harrow
was passed over the wheat twice, the firat
before sowing the clover seed and the last
after the operation. Any slant tooth
harrow, with numerous fine teeth, will
answer. The teeth need not be sharp,
provided they are Sufficiently SO to mellow
the cruet ; generally, however, the sharper
the better.—Country Gentleman."
Points in Butter Diaking.
Tests made at the West Virgine experi-
ment station seetn to ehow
That sweet °rem should be churned at
is considerabiy lower temperature than aoid
oream.
That when the temperature is properly
adjusted the fat is more fully recovered in
churning svveet orceirn than in otherning
scarcareatmhe
That butter is much easier freed
from milk and requiree less working.
ao rellnad.t etEhtetnfloaLo ogne n fooduine bannak
buttor sfle,uvpoorn,
uncontrollable &wages in acidifying the
merits of Thoroughbred Fowls.
Southern Cultivator enumerates the
merits of thoroughbred fowls as follows
Rapidity of growth, increased weight and
&eh, aloe beauty, and, above all,
superiority in egg production, for a thor-
oughbred hen of the beet laying strains will
law twice as many eggs In a year as is
mongrel hen. These facts are well worthy
of investigation, and are sufficiebt tei jute.
tify the great intereat now being bake u in
high elm poultry.
cotton Need Aiwa for cows.
Southern Farmer assert:1 that cows fed
a Moderate daily ration of cottonseed meal
the year round are never attsolted with
murrain ; that equal parte of mutton snot
and kerOsono, applied warm, ie a sere cure
eta
Points to be Beinenthere.l.
SOW lettUee in rows sneeeen thohee
apart, and when it is well started, grow
radishes in between thera.
A hard for ducks need not have a fence
over -three feet high, if the Pekin or Rouen
ducks are used.
It is said thet the English shepherds find
out cabbage preferable to either beeta or
turnips tor sheep.
Sow grass seed on all the bare place' ore
thoneilbe.awin. A mixture of blue grass and
white °lover will make an exoellent lawn.
All lawn plots should be lieeded as early ite
p
On ell fields were the movvere are to be
used the advantage of the land leaving been
previously rolled will be noticeable. Field
thet have been rolled ean be mowed easier.
and the work done more completely than
where the land is rough.
Among the raspberries! the Turner, Doo-
little, Gregg and Cuthbert are ream -
mended as the best. Put out the young
plants early if you wish them to thrive
well.
The peach orchard should be cultivated
as soon as the frost is out of the ground..
It is oommor among peach -growers to oul-
tivate the orchard in the same manner ae
for corn. Gress is injurious to youngat
peach trees.
One of the best locatione for a garden is
to tine under a clover sod; now apply 30
buehels of air-slaoked lime per sore (or pro-
portionately), and then orossplow the
land in the spring. The ground must be
well harrowed and made fine before plant-
ing the seed, however.
Seasonable Poultry flints.
Lack of pure water often liocounte for the
lack of egg'.
Dark nests are the best preventive of the,
egg heating habit.
It is estimated that 45,000,000 eggs are-
consumea every day in the United States..
Somebody's hens must be laying.
This is the beginning of a grand egg har-
vest for the enterprising poultryman who
aavertises liberally. Printer's ink, you
know.
A flock of 25 hens, well oared for, is more
profitable than 100 hens that are made to
look out for themselves.
Sulphate of iron in water is of incalcul-
able benefit to fowls. 1Jse the Douglas
mixture only when a strong stimulant is ,
needed. It is daugerons.
Besides supplying the wants of its own
population, France exports to Germany,
Belgium, Iolland, Denmark and Swedera
large quantities of salted and smoked geese •
for winter provision.
We must try to grasp the spirit of things;
to see correctly; to speak to the point; to
give praotioel advice; to act on vhe spot ;,
to arrive at the proper moment; to stop in
time. Taot, pleasure, occasion, all these
deserve our cultivation and respect.
Work 1 It won't hart you. The capacity
of a, man for work is much behind that
which is needed for his eapport or even for
fortune making. Those wbo are industri-
ous turn from their day's labor to engage
with pleasure in home occupations of value,
either in promotiog their own welfare or
the happiness of °there—Poultry Monthly,.
Imitating his Superiors.
Little Gamin Fletunterag—Say, Granny,
hove much is dem apples?
Dear Old Apple Woman—Oh, go 'way
wid yez ; sure it's not a penny yez have at
all, at all 1
Little Gamin Flaunterag—Well, haven't
I got der right ter go oat shoppin', all der
same?
1110 Jacet.
Hailstone—One lest request.
Reporter—What's that?
Hailstone --Please don't say I was as big
as a hen's egg.
The Reverses of War.
"In times of pe0.00," said the Major, "I
frequently go to military balls."
"And in times of war ? "
"The military balls come to me. Thethe
how I lost my leg."
There are any number of men who can
write a column, but the man who can put
a distinct, complete idea in three lines 5
all too rare.—Iournalist.
Sil3C8 the flamsm
inugc7relts poster
Provos that summer's drawing nigh,
Here's to summer lotus toast Der,
he win toast us by and by.
—If the truth were known many a boast -
ful soldier has never been under fire except.
when discharged from the army.
Re did not look into a gun,
Nor did he touch a *wire;
He did not With &II oil -can run
To hurry up the fire.
'Twas not a case of suicide—
He just blew out the gas and died.
11 moderate drinking is allowable and.
reepeotable what's the reason moderate
stealing or any other kind of qualified
meanness is not commendable 2
Prince Rupprecht, of Bavaria, has begun.
his studies at the University of Berlin; the •
first prince of a reigning house to enter -
that institution.
Five of the perms injured by the ex
plosion ot balistite at Avigliano, Italy,
have since died, making the total number
of deaths nineteen. Three hundred work-
men were present at the time of the acci-
dent. Thirty were seriously injured. Thie
is the fourth explosion that has occurred in
the factory since 1873.
—Th. e most mehappy creature that ap.
poem in public or private life is an ex -bobs
—A fanatic' may be oared by experience,
but is fool is a fool from the cradle to the
grave. ometitnes the boodler is the man
somEninid NDAlt IT.
e
'Who didn't consummate his plan,
ho came near it, very Dear it,
He fooled with money not his OWD, .
Ile should have loft the stuff alone.
So let hitt stew and Sweat and moan,
Or something near it.
The oat has nine lives, which ehowee
that nature had e pretty fair idea of what
the oat would have to go through
Clettntrynaan, in dime museum—say,
Bub, what kart of a curiosity be you '
Freak—I am the boy that never whistles.
" Ice is too expensive, Mary. Yoe Mudt
get along withoth it." " Bat hew am I to
keep the beef freeh and the butter and milk
cool?" " Yott have is fan, haven't you ?"
Sir William Jenner, the physician of
Qtieen Victoria, is about to retire from,
London and live on his Hampshire estate,
Where he Will engAge in literary work.