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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1890-4-10, Page 7WHY POVERTY EXISTS. A Symposium of Opinions of Variously • Eminent 'Men. THE BLIGHT OF WANT. Rum, Bad Education and Laziness Heavily Debited—Rockefeller's Great Cheek-- O'Reilly Cheek—O'Reilly and McGlynn—Legislation at Naul t. The New York TPorld,ntetested in die. covering. whyit ie that there is,ever winter, an ar of 100,000 idle men in the city alone, many of whose familiee are charges on the city oharitiee, bas submitted to a number of divines and other promi- nent men the question ":What, in your opinion, is the chief oanee of poverty at the preeent time ?" Our readers may find a synopsis of the answers interesting : EDWARD ATKINSON. " What "—lgnoranoe and incapacity. " Why "—Voluntary idleness. OneIINCEY M. DEPEW. Lack of self-confidence is often the cause of failure. Many men seem to have no faith in themselves, consequently no assertiveness, no independence, no pluck and no push. They seem to be afraid to stand np and speak out for tbemeelves and prefer to lean on others. Poverty in each oases is inevitable. Lack of purpose, vacillation, want ofcontinuity in pursuing a chosen vocation and the foolish wish to make a fortune iu a day. Rum is the greatest cause of poverty ; it is the manse of more poverty than all the other causes pat together. When a man drinks to excess he lees go of everything. There is a vast amount of poverty oaneed by men who would rather loaf than work. When a man finds his miesion in the world he should remain oonetant to ' it, and not leave one "trade or business to engage in another for whioh he may •be unfitted. Poverty often resulte from such aimless- ness. But the lazy man is always a poor man. PROF.. suMNER.. • All our civilization has consisted in an attempt to abolish poverty, to put the humau race in poseeeston of saoh•resources of exietenoethat it may keep distress and winery at arm's length, if it will ener- getioally employ the means within its reach.- We have paupers among us—peo- li1e, that is, who cannot pay their way, cannot earn the minimum required to exist in our society. They fall a burden on the rest. Such oases are accounted for either by anisfortune, or folly, or vice. So long as they tans want of material comforts, which can only be won by industry, tem- perance, prudence, self-control and frugality, will be Buffered by some, and poverty will be a phenomenon of human society. That all should ever become riob can only be put forward as an interesting speonlation, never as a practiced proposi- tion for the essential conditions would be that persons who fell below a standard of phyeioal health should never marry at all ; that no one should marry unless healready possessed income enough to maintain a family on the eatabliehed standard of com- fort; that not only crime but also vice should be pitilessly punished and rooted out by the segregation or execution of the guilty, and that all children should be edu- cated with more than Spartan severity upon standards distinctly modern. Like all other prescriptions for the same pur- pose, however, this is only proposing that the society shall lift itself by its boot straps. BIG-HEARTED POET O'REILLY. The masses are poor, ignorant and dis- organized, not knowing the rights of man- kind on the earth, and never knowing that the world belongs to its living population, because a small class in every country has taken possession of property and govern. ment, and makes laws for its own safety and the security of its plunder, educating the masses, generation after generation, into the belief that this condition is the natural order and the law of God. By long *raining and submission the people every- where have come to regard the assumption of their rulers and owners as- the law of right and common eenee, and their own blind instincts, whioh tell them that all men onght to have a plenteous living on this riob planet, as the promptings of evil and disorder. The qualities we naturally dislike land fear in a man, are those which insure success under our present sooial order, namely shrewdness, harclnesa, adroitness, selfishnees, the mind to take advantage of necessity, the will to trample on the weak in the canting name of progress" and " civilization." The qualities we love in a man send him to the poorhouse—generos- ity, truth, trustfulness, friendliness, omen fishoess, the desire to help, the heart to pity, the mind to refuse profit from a neighbor's loss or weakness, the defence of the weak. Our present civilization is organized in- justice and intelleotual barbarism. Our progress is a march to a preoipice. The Sermon on the Mount and natural justice can rule the world, or they cannot. If they can our present ruling is the inven- tion of the devil ; if they cannot the devil has a right to rule—if the people let him— but he ought not to call his rule " Chris- tian civilization." PROF. ADAMS. I think we shall all be obliged to admit that poverty is one of the necessary con- tingencies of civilization. In a conntry where liberty prevails the diligent and capable have the opportunity of rising above the indolent and incapable. Where there is perfect liberty on the part of indi- vidnal men, some will rise and others will fall. This is the result partly of superior intelligence, partly of inability and partly of error, bnt there can be no possibility of removing poverty, excepting by a oonrse of legislation whioh will take away opportuni- ties. Hence it will probably always be found that where there is thelargeetliberty of individual action there will be thelargest inequalities among men. Another cause of poverty is no doubt in the nature of much of onr legislation. It has tended, I think, in many ways to in- crease the opportunities of the rich and so diminish the opportunities of the poor. it is not easy to point these out in detail, but I have no doubt the tendency during the last thirty years in this country has been in this direction. CENSUS SUPT. PORTER. In my yo pinion the manses of overt in t? P y this ooantry are to a very large extent traceable to individuals themselves. I be- lieve that poverty and dietreSe could be prevented if parents would insist that all their children, boys and gide alike, should be taught some neefnl and honor. able means of earning their living. There is no reason why in a country so vast as oars and so Sparsely populated there should be any poverty that cannot be traced to lactic of thrift, or, ill other words, to valises whioh no human law oah prevent. Although my life during the last nine months has almost been made a burden through the innumerable applications of all aorta and conditions of People for em- ployment, I Am more strongly impressed than ever that the crying need to -day in this country is healthy, vigorone, 'strong and olear.nninded men and women who are capable of doing something—who can, in other words, exercise alike their brain, their muscle and their skill in doing some one thing well. PROF. ANDREWS. It is far ,from clear that the deepest Causes thereof do not, in spite of all our philanthropic wish to the contrary, lie in human nature itself. I, however, frankly avow my belief that a .considerable part of the at present existing poverty is Durable. There are dreadful inequalities in the social system whioh need not be there and ought not to be there. Many aro very poor who deserve to be better off- The fortunes of men are not in accord with their econo- mic) deserts. I hope much from the new thought now directing, itself to this subjeot. As the last century has been one of great advance in the physical sciences, the nest is to be, I believe, one of equal or greater advance in social eoienoe. REV. DR. LITOHMAN. Unequal distribution of the products of labor is the chief cause of poverty at pre- sent or any other time, and the ' reason why ' is that when one man gets what he has net earned another man is robbed. The factors in the problem aro rum and usury. There can be a condition—God grant it may soon come—when enterprise and labor will be identical by reason of labor owning the machine of whioh it now forms a part. Whileusury crushes enterprise, ram robs labor. They are twin agencies of hell to ruin mankind. When natural monopolies are owned by all the people, when the pro- ducer and the consumer are brought nearer together, when usury is eliminated and the rum fiend destroyed, only the man born tired will suffer poverty. LABOR LEADER 31.0E10. In a sentence I would answer that pov• erty is caused by the unchristian and un- scientific methods of the production and distribution of wealth. Wealth is the, health of society ; it is that which is for the good of man. Material wealth con- sists of all material things that tend to material health. There are two grand divisions—un prod aced and produced wealth. The method by which wealth is controlled, valve added and distribution effected is unchristian beoause it is unjust and inequitable, unscientific because it is wasteful of human life and material. IGNATIUS DONNELLY. There ie more productive power, and erefore more property to -day than ever before. Therefore poverty is not due to a decrease in the quantity of property. The cause of poverty is the unequal and un- fair distribution of property, whereby those who create it obtain little of it and thoss who baddle it become possessed of most of it. What is the remedy ? Governmental intervention, in the interest of " the general welfare," to increase the rewards of labor and deorease the accumulations of Dunning. in other words, to increase the incomes of the millions and deorease the wealth of the thousands. Vast fortunes are a source of danger to the nations and a threat to republican inetitutione. Any superfluity of wealth above a sufficiency to purchase the comforts and luxuries of life is a matter of useless vanity and a stepping- stone, through destrnotive corruption of the p oor, to undue power in the Government, wielded always to procure further aeoumt- lations of wealth. REV. DR. M'ARTRIIR. Whatever may be the cause of poverty, we ought to give, and give wisely and liber- ally, to the poor. There is no duty urged with greater frequency and greater em• phasis in the Old Testament or the New. REV. DR. BUCKLEY. Forty years ago there was no need for real poverty in the United States, except in very few oases. But with the advance of civilization we have developed new wants. Most of the things needful for the poor have to be obtained by money. In the conntry you can get whatever you need by barter, but in the city you cannot. This shows that poverty is caused by look of money. Yet only those who do not work lack money. Paupers may be divided into throe classes. Those who will not work, those who cannot work and those who would work if they could get it. Those who will not or cannot work must beg, steal or die. As for those who want work and can't get it, from my soul I pity them. The reason of their failure is gener- ally that they can do only one thing and that nobody wants done. • REV. DR. M'OLYNN. The Rev. Dr. Edward McGlynn says : " Poverty is chiefly caused by injustice, and the greatest injustice of oar time is the denial to men of their God-given birth- right of access to the land and its natural opportunities. There would be little or no poverty anywhere if the monopolization of the land by a favored few was prevented, 'et, the legal recognition of the truth enun- ciated by Jefferson, that ' the land belongs in nenfrnot to the living.' The remedy for poverty, the one thing that would elevate the masses of men, is not charity but justice. I do not believe that God gave the earth to any set of men, who thereby were to be able to become rich by taking pretty mnch all the products of labor." DR. IIAMMOND. In my opinion the chief cause of poverty at the present time is civilization. Poverty never exists among utter barbarians. But with refinement and education differentia. tion begins and then poverty makes its ap- pearance. At first it is physical force that makes one man richer than hie neighbor. He takes what he wants vi et armis, but as he becomes more refined he uses his intel- lect to accomplish his object, and skill, tact, gunning, knowledge bring him to the front. As long as some men have more brains and more muscle than other men, poverty will exist. To get rid of it we should have to return to that period of the world's history when man began to emerge from a lower form. • BROKER CLEWS. Drink 1 In one word that tells the chief manse of poverty at the present time in this conntry. Of course I mean excessive drinking, the kind that leads to habitual drunkenness, and by slow degrese paral- yzes a man mentally and physically. In this country, with its magnificent resources awaiting development and its abundant opportnnities in every direction to develop ability and win success, there is no excuse for poverty. But for the drink evil there would be no poves,ty to speak of. 1 think prohibition an interference with the liberty of the individual that is contrary to the spirit of onr republican institutions,, Ex- cessive drinking is the evil and I think it can be met by wrto reatriotion and regula- tion. STAND'A13D 010 tam nocEElnlLLER. When asked, " Whitt is the chief cause of poverty in, this ooantry 2" the poeeeosor of a $19,000,000 income squeezed out of the public by the methods of the gigantic Trust of whioh he is Chief Pirate, ineteritly galled hie stenographer and began to dictate hie answer "Intemperance." And there he stopped. " That is ell," hie said, turning to the reporter; "that one word answers the question fully." Saying which he was immersed in multi- farious papers on hie desk, while his secre- tary wrote out and handed the reporter the epigrammatic answer, ST0011 SPECULATOR RUSSELL seen.• " That's too big a question for me. to anewer. My views? I haven't any ready on that subject. You'll have to let mo out; I'm too busy." When asked if he agreed with his follow millionaire, Mr. Rockefeller, the sapient Russell declared : "Rockefeller says it's drink does it, eh? Well, Rockefeller has a great head -he's all right in his upper story." MILLIONAIRE PRATT, OF BROOKLYN. By far the largest glass of poor and idle people which we always have in our large pities are those who have come to want through intemperance. Next to drink, the greatest cause of poverty is the restless and aimless character of most of the young men whom our schools are now turning out, Bat, of course, there is distress, poverty, trouble and sorrow in the home of many a good man who is not to blame for it. Thousands suffer on account of a lack of useful education orbeoause of a false ednoation—that is, they are not educated to make work a pleasure. They have been, perversely brought up to look upon wcrkas a punishment or a curse. As for me, after years of consideration, I said I would try to help work out the problem at the start with the child. The only remedy that can. be successfully applied is the sabstitution of a true ednoation for the false. Swift -Flying Insects. It has been computed that the common house fly in .ordinary flight makes 600 strokes per eecdnd, and advances 25 feet, but that rate of speed, if the insect be alarmed, may be increased six or seven- fold, so that under certain circumstances it aan outstrip the fleetest race horse. It is no uncommon thing to see a flea or wasp endeavoring to get in at the window of a railway train in full speed, and it is calcu- lated that, if a small insect can fly faster than a race horse can run, au insect as large as a horse would be able to travel as fast as a oennon ball. Leunweholk relates an exciting chase whioh he beheld in a menagerie about 100 feet long, between a ewallow and a dragon fly, among the swiftest of insects. The ineeot flew with incredible speed, and wheeled.with such rapidity that the swal- low, in spite of its utmost efforts, com- pletely failed to overtake and capture it. A pigeon fancier of Hamme, Germany, recently made a wager that a dozen bees liberated three miles from their hive would reach it in better time than a dozen pigeons would reach their cote from the same dis- tance. The competitors were given wing at Ryhern, a village nearly a league from Hamme, and the first- bee reached home a quarter of a minute in advance of the first pigeon. Three other bees reached• the goal before the second pigeon, the main body of both detachments finishing almost simultane- ously an instant or two later. The bees, it may be mentioned, had been handicapped in the race, having been rolled in flour be- fore starting, for the purpose of identifica- tion. According to Chabrier, the male of the silk worm moth travels upward of 100 miles in one day ; and there are many British mothe, as entomologists well know, which can Dover long distances in an in: credibly short space of time.—St. James' Gazette. The Truth About a Boy. He comes out at the front door bright. faced and happy. He comes oat • for no particular reason, save that he wants to ba moving about. He is full of physical action, andmust get some of it out of him before bedtime, or he won't be fit to sleep. He doesn't know this with his head, but his body knows it ; for,after all,the body does a good deal of its own thinking independently of what we call consciousness. He stands on the step and looks up and down the street. He doesn't know what he is looking for. Indeed, he is not looking for anything. He just looks with a sort of undefined hope that he will see something suggestive to him of what to do. He jumps down the steps and goes to the gate, hangs on it a moment, makes a few sounds with his voice each as nobody but a boy can make, and nobody else would make if he could. They don't mean anything. He makes them because—well, beoause he is a boy. As if he had suddenly thought of something to do, he bangs the gate open and rushes down the middle of the street yelling like a young Indian. But he has not soddenly thought of something to do. He has simply . done that because be couldn't think of anything to do, and must do something. Then he picks up a stone and fires it at a dog, and cringes and feels sorry if it bits the mark. He doesn't want to hurt the dog. He throws the stone be- cause he and the dog and the stone are there, and it is handy to do so. For a few seconds he stands and looks up into a tree at—nothing. Then he breaks into a ran again, and suddenly site down on the onrb. stone as if he had accomplished something and was content. The Virtue of Hot Milk. It is worthy of reiteration that milk heated to as high a temperature as it can be drank or sipped above 100 degrees, but not to the boiling point, is of great valve as a refreshing stimulant in oases of over- exertion, bodily or mental. To most people who like milk it doesnot taste eo good, but that ie a small matter compared with the benefit to be got from it. Ito action is ex- ceedingly prompt and grateful and the effects mnch more satisfactory and far more lasting than those of any alcoholic drink whatever. It supplies real strength as well as exhilaration, something whioh alcohol never does. Tho Tailors' Blackboard, 51. Petersburg tailors got up a scheme for publishing in the newspapers the names of all their customers who refused to pay their bills, but the Government forbade it. Now the tailors accomplish the same object by putting up a large blank -board in the re- ception room of their shops, upon whioh they chalk the names of the chief delin- quents and the amounts of their bilis. They say it has reduced by 60 per cent. their lessee. "Give me the man who sings at his work," says a writer. He can have him. Also the man who whistles at his work. The man who fell two stories landing on a pair of scales and breaking one arm and cne leg nays bookkeeping is a fraud. Ha W88 wreaked the first time he ever struck a balance in his life. The new Court Home at Boston, whioh is to poet about $2,500,000, will be completed in 1802. -It's caddish to carry a Sane too rigidly at an tingle of 45 degrees; 40 la bettor. y TBA TABLE GOSSIP OACOI TUES SOIIIBI•'.NDL" if11 the trees in all the woods wore men, AIa',s•ttch and every blade of grass a pen ; 11 1,1V0Py leaf on ovary shoot Sad tree -Turned to a sheet of foolscap, evory sea Were changed to ink, and all earth's living trib Had noteshing elso to do but act as scribes, And for touthousand ages, day and night, Thewrite,mhuan race should write, and write, and Till all o thehugeiakpens andataupaperdwasan wereempty usedclip ii nd - Still would the brfulc, scribblers clustered round its Call for more pens, inore paper and more ink. Oliver}VendellHolmes in2l1arolt Atlantic. — A subject for de bait—Worms. • — A locomotive's side issae—Stem. 4 --Girls are to wear gaudy neokties. — The price of camphor has doubled. —The summer birds are here to stay. —The•new features at home—Baby's. — Will soon be on top—Easter bonnets. —Many apring hats will be orownless. —Always in at the death.—The Coroner. —Has an eye for business—The optician. —Silks fo summer have a cottony look. — Most people agree that soup a day old is best. —Low piano -lamps are becoming stylish, — Epaulettes will be put on children's olothee. —New note paper has a crest or mono- gram iu white. —Cut -glass dumb -belle are made' fo:: feminine athletes. —An honest bank cashier is like an nn-• loaded gen, beoause he will not go off. —The quaintest china salt cellar comes from Denmark, and is modeled in stork pattern in blue and gold. —Throe hunched painters etraok at Cleveland yesterday beoause they were refused $2.50 for nine hours' work. — New York bricklayere and their em- ployers have compromised. The men are to work nine hours for $4.05 a day. —" Do you see me 2" said the colored man, boastfully, as he paeeed behind the mule. " Yes," said the mule, " and raise you." — He (making a pall)—And what have'!, you denied yourself, Miss Fannie, during. Lent ? She (wearily) --Rest, principally. I see everyone who calls. —Visitor—Well, Tommy, what are yea' going to be when you grow up? Tommy —Ma eaya I am going to be just each an- other lazy loafer as pa is. — " Confound a printer, anyhow!" " What's the matter ?" " Why, I wrote a sonnet to my fiancee's ' Wee Foot,' and they've printed it ' Web Fcot.'" — ," I hear the opera house is going to open," said Snarley. " Is that so ? " asked Hartley. " What with ? " " Bunch of Keys," answered Snarley. —Patient—I say, doctor, what sort of a lamp is this on the back of my neck? Doctor—It is nothing aerions, but I would advise yon, nevertheless, to keep your eye on it. — " Come brother," says the editor of the Voice, prohibition paper, "let us stand side by side ae we look into the glass." " Very well. brother, very well ; here's looking at you." — Shoe dealer (to Toting widow, who is !sealing over a pile of ladies' slippers)—Are you looking for number two, ma'am ? Young widow (blushing)—Yee, sir. Are you an unmarried man? —" Was your watchman well recom- `h!5a u` d-?" " Oh, not directly. I used to see him in church, and as he stayed awake all through Dr. Sonora's sermons I con. eluded be was the man I wanted." — Irate father—Is it true, Irene, that you have finally rejected young Omens as he told me to -day 2 Calm daughter—Yee, papa. Irate father—Ungrateful girl! Who am I going to borrow money from now ? —Atter she has given him her picture and made him nine things to hang up in his room she now exhausts her resources by giving him a photograph of her hand. After that she gives him her hand in earnest. — Pets to be carried in the arms are no longer confined to King Charles' spaniels, with long, silky ears, and softy purring gray maltese cats ; but every conceivable variety of animals is now ooneidered proper for street wear. — The heirs are wanted for the estate of "Parsley Green "in England,formerly own- ed by the "Woods family," some of whom it is understood are residing in various parts of Canada. The estate is valued at $50,000,- 000. Don't all speak at once 1 — First young Chnronwoman—What are yon going to deny yourself during Lent ? Second young Churchwomen—I wanted a new prayer -book dreadfully, but I am going to do without it and put the money into my Easter bonnet instead.—Lowell Citizen. - I see," eaid Mrs. Garril], " that the Boston Budget wants people taught to talk as well as read and write." " That's all nonsense," said Garrill. " You never needed to be taught to talk. And, by George! when I think of it, what our normal schools need is a chair of silence." Ocean Racing. There will be some big racing during the ooming season by the Atlantic greyhounds. It is now settled that the new steamer, the Majestic, sister ship of the Teutonic, will be started from Liverpool regularly, nose end nose with the City of Paris. There will be racing regularly then between the Teutonic and the City of New York, and the Majestic and the City of Paris. It is the general belief among steamship men that the latter ship has never developed her highest speed, though she easily holds the beet record to -day. She is by long odds the favorite.—N. Y. Sun. Cut Glass Dumb 130118. The New York Truth says : The newest whim of aristocratic English women who go in for gymnastios and athletics is for cut glass dumb bells. A prominent sooiety lady just returned from Europe brought a beau- tiful pair of one -pound bells with her other baggage. These flowed toys are made in sizes from four ounces to two pounds. Some are of polished French glass, clear and pure ae Japanese crystals. A " cripples' quadrille " is the inven- tion of the very fertile brain of an Atlantic City hotel manager, and was one of the features with whioh he opened his hotel a few days ago. The soheme gave the in. valid of the seashore a chance to take part in the gaieties cf the night. Any one who could walk without the aid of orutoh or cane was barred from the set. Exquisite dress bonnets of silver-gray tulle, which color is the rage in Paris, have lately been aeon at receptions in this city. A " Neptune stew" ooneista of oysters Neptune and clams principally, with few oyateer orsba and a shrimp or two 5PRINO STYLES ,FOR AWN. EaShlen'il Latest Desreea tit the Mi►tter .of plead Wear. The new spring etyles of men's hats, whioh ere.anet making their appeariyrie3e in the stores, do not show any striking de- parture from the shapes that were worn in the fall, and that have been seen thrciugh- out the winter. There are no exegeereted styles in any of the &piing hats,` either eilk, Derby or soft fait, and modesty is the prevailing oharaoteristio of everything data men will wear on their beetle this Spring. Silk hats show a further development of the hues that have prevailed , since last winter.` There is less taper to the blocks, and the general tendency is toward straighter lines and a higher crown. The departure of the tapering lined ofleet spring's extreme styles leads back in' the direction of the bell crown. Brims are flatter and somewhat narrower, running down to one and a half inches wide. ' The Derby shape of this spring is email, with a narrow brim. The tendency is to- ward a higher and more pointed orown,and the brims have lees roll and are narrower at the side. For spring wear brown in light shades is the most ,fashionable Dolor. The moat conspicuous feature of the apring headwear is the growing promi- nence of the tourist bat, in whioh will be recognized familiar shapes that were known years ago as the Grant and Kossuth hate. For more than a year these soft felt hats have been returning in, favor, arid this spring they will be the moat popular form of headgear fot• ordinary everyday wear. Hatters say they never will be glassed as a dress hat, but for all other purposes they will be very popular. The latest etylee are considerably deeper and more tapering than the old Grant hat. The most popular colors are dark blue, pearl or gray, and several shades of brown. In the knock -about soft bats there is nothing particularly new in. shape or color. ,THE FORTH BRIDGE. • The new bridge over the Firth of Forth cost £3,000,000 and was seven years ander construction. Its extreme Length is nearly a mile and a quarter ; eight millions of rivets have been used in its construction, forty-two miles of bent plates have been used for its tubes, and it presents some- thing like twenty acres of surface to the painter. ,It is interesting to know how the piers from which the cantilevers jet out like brackets over the water were sank the bed of the sea eeventy feet below the high-water level ? It happens that right in the middle of the estuary there is the inland of Loobgarvie, without whioh the L_idge could not have been built, for on each side of it the depth of water is two hundred feet. At the one intractable ,plane the engineers thus had a foundation to their piers made for them. Elsewhere the water was not too deep for them. They built monster iron casks, seventy feet in diameter, open at both ends—the lower edge being as sharp as a knife, so that it would out into sand or clay. About seven feet above this edge they built a great air- tight floor, fitted with shafts for air and materials. Then, having towed each cask to its position, they filled it up with con- crete till,it sank and the cutting edge reeted othe bed of the sea, the mouth of the cask being far above high- water. Air was now pumped into the ob amber formed by the air tight floor whioh was its roof, at the bottom ,of the cask, and this eh soon drove the water i out beneath the cutting edge. Here the workmen burrowed day after day; digging under water the foundations of the. piers. But the pressure of the air in this working chamber necessary to keep the sea from coming in under the cutting edge of the cask was thirty-three pounds to the square inch, and the strongest men could only stand it for a brief time. Visitors to the chamber sometimes refreshed themselves with a pull at their flasks. But they need to be terrified when they found that these vessels exploded in their pockets whenever they reached the ordinary atmosphere, the pressure of which was only half as greet ae that of the air whioh had rinbed into`the flasks in the submarine ohamber. `On'the sunk piers the uprights of the cantilever cranes or jetting -out braokets were based, and one way and another fifty thousand tons of steel have been used in the oon- atrnotion of the bridge. The qnestion will now be whether the shortening of the jour- ney north by two hours will attract enough patronage to make this astounding enter- prise pay. Estimated in Round Numbers. Debutante (confidingly)—Say, how much is young Mr. Lancers worth ? Banker Friend (earnestly) -In round numbers ? " Yes." " Well, I'll write it down for yon—here And these were the figures she found on the card : " $0,000.00. In Moments of Forgetfulness. A Texas clergyman, who at a former period of his life had gambled a little, was absorbed in thought just before divine ser- vices began. He was approached by the organist, who whispered, referring to the opening hymn : " What shall I play ? " " What kind of a hand have yon got ? " responded the absent-minded clergyman. Of Two Evils, Etc. Dolliver—I think I will send Julia to Milan to finish her mueio lessons. Mrs. Dolliver (delighted, but doubtful)— Do you think you can stand the expense ? Dolliver (firmly)—Mach easier than I can the piano. Ton Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina has just rendered a decision in a bonus case declaring the taxation of the public of a munioipality to assist in establishing a manufacturing industry by grants of money or exemption from taxa- tion to be a violation of the constitution and of the rights of the minority who may be opposed to being thus taxed. This is in conformity with Michigan constitutional decisions. The Duke of Bedford has done a great deal for the manse of cremation in England. His contributions to the fund of the Cre- mation Society of England last year amounted to $20,000. It is said that Emile Zola has cleared $100,000 from his novel " Nana." Mies Victoria Wost,the daughter of Lord Sackville -West, will be married to her oonsin, Lord Saokville, some time in April. Lord Sackville possesses a large fortune and one of the finest and oldest eatetee in England, "Noel" being well known to many visitors from Washington. Mies West spent some time during the autumn with the mother of Lord Sackville at Noel, and it was no doubt daring that period that the engagement became a dertarnty.• Washington Post. Two.inoh strips of sable are among the choke' dress trimmings- Its cote $75 to edge skirt and, adeimllete root with thiel, preorona fur. The Sabbath Bells. Ring out, ye balls l the summons soft and clear,. And bid the sleeper bless the Sabbath morn; Tia music to the soul. the heart, alae ear, And eogtbing to the sad and Weary -worn. Ring , peke 1 he a$apeal, Foroutiu y0 your sacrecit toneh91y there iabbe ath voice That bids the sin diseased o• es to heal, In Calvary's fount, audwith the saints rejoicer Ring out, ye bells( O. echo far and near 1. O'er hills and dales, o'er footpaths and high. ways, That every soul your eilv'ry tones may near„ And join as 000 ]n chanting Jesus praise. Ring out, yo Inns! that Heaven may catch the strain, That our dear ones on yonder jewelled shore May join with os to bless Jehovah's reign Wichiu our lives, of the brief week passed o'er. Ring out, ye bells! the welcome is to all The members of the race. 0 may they come 1 Aud worship God. whatever may befall, And fit the soul for Christ's eternal home. J. 11; ARMSTRONG, Hamilton. NORTHWEST NOTES. The grave of the man who was found in the woods at Fort Rouge last May was opened yesterday and the body identified by Mr. Schwiger, of Port Arthur, as that of his brother Fred. The resignation of Attorney -General Martin is in the hands of the .Premier, and will be accepted on Monday. The reason. as- eigned for this step is the accumulation of private business. Be days he will continue to represent the constituency of Portage, la Prairie and sit in the House as a private member, advocating the measures whioh he has introduced and so strongly advocated daring his career as a lvliuiater of the Crown, extending over two years, but hereafter he will be plain Joseph Mar- tin. Mr. Isaac Campbell, member for South Winnipeg, is generally looked upon as the ooming Attorney -General, bat it is understood he will not accept the portfolio unless Mr. Clifton Sifton, member for North Brandon, is also taken into the: Cabinet. Messrs. Campbell and Sifton are the most popular members of the House and either would be a great strength to the Cabinet. A general shuffle of portfolios will doubtless take place this week, when Mr. McLean, Provincial Secretary, will probably retire and Messrs. Campbell and Bitten become Crown Ministers. There are rumors to -day that Premier Green - way's resignation will follow the Attorney. General's, but no credence is given them. The prorogation of the Legislature, which was expected to take place yesterday, has • been postponed. The reason is understood to be that His Honor the Lieut. -Governor desired to' have some further 'time for the perusal of bills before giving his assent to them. At present there is an uncertainty whether His Honor will be prepared to pro- rogue the House on Monday or not. Op- ponents of the School Bill state it is His- Honor's intention to refuse assent to the same. The Government propose to erect or purchase buildings suitable for State university purposes. Special attention is. to be given to higher education and it is believed that an endowment of $20,000 or $25,000 a year will be granted: A fire at the penitentiary at Stony Moun- tain this morning destroyed an oat -shed attached to one of the officer's quarters. The convicts were turned out, as the fire at one time threatened the main building, but none esoaped. Lusa, $1,500. A man named Parrot received seriono injuries at Brandon yesterday through the premature explosion of a bleat while exca- vating. Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt, Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt, who is now in this country, was appointed to the office of World's Organizer of the Woman's Tem- perance Union in the year 1884, since which time she has travelled 62,000 mites, and addressed meetings in the Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, Japan, China, Siam, Singapore, Burmah, India, Ceylon, Mauritius, Madagascar, Natal, Orange Free State and Cape Colony. In all of these countries Mrs. Leavitt organized Women's C. T. Unions, the number of such being 75, which number has since been doubled by the unions them- selves. Mrs. Leavitt has also formed many White Cross Societies in several lands where they had not existed before, as well as about twenty Men's Temperance So- cieties among the Japanese, Indians and Malagasy. Mrs. Leavitt has no salary. Her ser- vices are given freely to her heroin and self-denying work. Not only has she saori. fined home and country to it, but has given up a position in which year by year she could financially have made considerable provision for herself. The mission has been supported mainly by volnntary Contributions of friends by the way, the American W. C. T U. having made up all deficiencies. The kind contri- butions of friends in Australia largely aided Mrs. Leavitt's Asiatio work, and during her stay in England, which elle reached on the 15th of last July, it is hoped sufficient money may bs contributed to - defray her current expenses, and to sub- stantially aid the further work of her mission. As England has not previously contributed, it is sincerely hoped this will not prove difficult. Due Deliberation. Clergyman (to eloping couple)—Yon are sure you are doing the right thing in get- ting married; that you have deliberated on this ptep ? He—Deliberated 1 Parson, we were two hours on the road and the gal's father ie only ten minutes behind ns 1 Clergyman—Join hands—man and wife, —spliced—two dollars. No; there's nothing like due deliberation in matters of this kind. Evidently She Had. Mrs.. Timothy Seed — I know that speckled ben is laying eggs every day by the way she cackles, but I can't find the nest. Mr. Timothy Seed—Perhaps she haat mislaid her eggs. At the Breakfast Table. Tommy (studying his lesson)—I say, pa, where does the Oshkosh rise, and into what does it empty ? Pa—I don't know, my son. Tommy—Yon don't know, eh ? And to- morrow the teacher will link me on moment of your ignorance. ISE is going to be iso in Buffalo this sea. son. The price ie to be just double that of last year. The schedule of prioes for fami- lies ie as follows : 'Twenty pounde daily, $1 per week; 30 lbs., $1.35 ; 40 lbs., $1:70; 54 lbs., $2. All extra ice to families will be eold ,at 600. per 100 lbs. The hundred weight rates have been increased ileo, Last year the primo was 250. per 100 lbs. on a weekly delivery of 1,000 lbs: The price this year fe . . —When35cit bperecomes100lbsneoeseary to brand a man as honest, people immediately begin to douht. --Thbte bis man whoonesieyintoxioated with love should take a little marriage to sober him up. —To get a Cinder out of your eye, rob the other eye hard. It's paradoxical, but effective.