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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1888-9-27, Page 2AGRICULTURAL.. ORIGIN OF TSE CA'rrt, RANGE. The origin of the range cattle growing in. dustry in the United States dates back to. about the Fifteenth century, when horned tartlet were introduced from Spain by way of Mexico among the Pueblo bedlam read, ing along the east bank of the Rio Grande, Dater on the eerier colonists tothe republic of Texas took with tiler, herds of horned cattle,, and in this way Texas bonnie the mother of the range (tattle industry in the United States.. Here it was alxnose wholly confined until after the rebellion. Prior to tbe late war nearly the whole of Texaa was given up to cattle growing. Atter the 'war she disbanding of the great armiea lea3ened the demand and Teem awarme3 with great Horde in ewes of the market demand and local consumption. Cattle were of little value and yet these hetde were rapidly in - greasing. What was is be done ? The more enterpristog rancbmeu of Texan began to look for new ranges and markets that would o9nsume the enormous cnrpins. Cali• fornix then had but few cattle. The states of Kansas and Nebraska and the territories west of the Afieeonri river were sparsely populated. The vast re4ion of magnificent grezeog stun to be found there, and epee whish the bud'alo roamed, readily offered the temptation for a Held of cxl?erinreat.. If the wild !iso: could anbalst on these plant; and in the valleys and perk., et the Reeky Meantaig country, why could not, cattle * Winter and at+uti er the buffalo found uafllcient grass, aa,d hence the stere euterprhleg Texan cattlemen ciente to the oath:mon thatdeueeetie oattle, bred mad rained upon the prairie .grass of Texan and left to their own exertions for a >:trbstatence, would be adapted to the dee greenest of the punas of the weet and northwest slates and tereitorie+l, and where at that time only the bud'alo grazed. Thus the study of the life and hablet of the b;effele led to the idea Vetch bee made thie the greatest range and otttlrr gnawing cel .,try in the world. Not a few Text* mere came, and soots from Call. forma, and all drove their herds Auto tbiia newer country, Their sueeess caused othere to follow, and eastern specie -lettere were at. tracted by the due opportunities for fermate meet. Than sprung up Ole wonderful in, inetry7, for non the unoccupied terrieory of tinplates eeuutry of the wee' wan filled with great herds of gruel raisedcattle-- that tenni not items Or matter, acrd to which stela would have ham altaoet a searcerow. ,And with all thte there casae a cowboy, aui generis, ebout whom there eluettra ao much of romance, Feeuutu £L sanewee. Irl the ;lance of dairy farming, if it can be called a seiner, a very. *mania thing for the dairyman to know is how to feed for milk and butter. The progress of knowledge in this particular baa taken us to a point where we learn that a certain proportion ot *lbumineld feed is neceuary each clay. A few men bavo taken it upon themaelvea to be eapeclal students concerning this album. inoid food, and have watched long and patiently do dltcever the laws which govern ltd digeatien. Firat, they agree that album- inoidsaro slow and bard of digestion. Thla aolneldee with the common experleno o of people who long visa bare declared that eggs, choose, peas, beans, and lean meat entre slaw of dier rdon. AU these foods are pertionlarly rich; In proteinwhich is but another term for albumen. Second, it has been learned that albuminoid foods digest much easier and to better effect when taken in a nor concentrated form but rather die. pereod or mixed with carbonaceous food. Here are tbe enchains that experience has arrived at. In feeding awe to the largest profit, we mush give daily at leash a proportion of one pond of albuminoid food to Svc of carbonaceous food. Second, in order that the albuminoids may digest most easily and properly, they should be mixed with or scattered over the carbona000ue food. In other worda ib pays best for to do this. Hence the wise dairymen cuts np his carbonaceous cornstalks, straw, ensilage or timothy hay, and sprinkles thereon the a bumineid bran, oil meal, cotton rood meal. pea meal or bean meal, in porportion, and thus secures better reeultafrom the cow. It pays richly for the dairyman to study the laws of digestion in his animate. In fact he is an engineer to a digestive mill, and cer- tainly no engineer should be ignorant or stupid corcernint• hie engine. PIRdnISG TIME Son. PeterHenderson,inPopelar Gardening,says The present season, the valuable -garden pea crop.ia- Canada and Northern New York, embracing many thousand acres, ie almost a complete failure, owing to an nnprecedent ed drouth during May and June. Had the peas when sewn been firmed in the soil, by the foot or otherwise, germination would have taken place within five days; without it—and probably it was not done fn a single eaae—germination could not occur in the loose, dry aril under ten or twelve deye, and in the dry, hot atmosphere, it was just delay enough to destroy the orop. Many cases in point showing;lts practical value, occur every season. Last May we plan ted an sere to rows of a new kind of Lima bean. One row was missed being firmed with the brogan. While the other rows were above ground in ton days, this unfirmed row took twenty, and would, may- be, have failed altogether, has we not had ram. The consequence of this ten days' delay will probably be enough to completely destroy the crop, from being too late to mature. If "Firm the Seed in the Soil" was conspicuously printed at every cross- road and railroad station through the length and breadth of the land, andthe advice acted upon, the mourners for loss or failure of crops by germination would be very few. LAYING Down PEACH TREES. Hon. G. W. Miner, President of the Illi- nois Forrestry Aesooiation has been experi- menting a little with trees that are not usually reckoned as belonging to forests. His experiments have proved to his mind than peaches eanbe raised in latitudes that of ll.te years have been considered too cold for that purpose. This is the way he pro- ceeds,: before the tree is old enough to bear he lays it down and covers with earth dur. ing the winter. This he does year after. year and finds that you can depend upon them doing well. This Is the way it done: Before the ground is frozen he digs a trench the width of the spade and two feet long on two oppoaite Biles of the treee, cutting the smell reels—the tap root and lateral roots of the other sides are knout. The tree'le thee bent to the grenad and oevered with earth, ge le pest seventy.fiveyeara old. but alone oats lay down ten treed a day. He lee ono tree ghat has been laid dawn, three winters,. and two tbat have heel laid down two. Tho three are loaded tine some with splendid fruit. trer RYE FJR POVI.TRY. One of the most valuable of my poultry appliances is an eighth of as acre of rye, wheal I sow near the penitry-housa every autumn. The hens begin we food en it ars SOMA 05 tt appears above the ground—they foot on it all through the winter, and it ie d01100na " green " for them is the spring Ione bolero a op ?' of grass peeps Arco the ground. Sometimes the parch le oeverod with now, bet ae it's aholtered ea the north aide by a double raw of trees, itis some here again. When green canoe the rye is begin, rang to get tough, and the hens leave it. As soon al it ie fairly ripe it is eat sed piled up close by the pantry yard, and a forkful is thrown ever to the fowl* every day. For two months or mere it furaishea them the greater portion of their food, and they Beene to thrive ea it. The exereise af- forded in aeratchiug and dandling eat the grain keeps them healthy and eat of ,true- -Chief, and they lay right along. I never could fatten a hen en ztnthrashed rye, brit liberal supply of Are parts cora meal and one part wheat bran, wetted and mixed, to Addition to the rye, will reader poultry fat and useless in a very short titre. Chelation Coe DI. Flet Gen -nine El Por.TvI.E 7:e Pncus.. «« Any .,ran. who ha* a pond on bit farm,' says a writer in the St. Lane " Glsbe•Derno. eras," CAA try the experlrnent of raining his (twat froga. Fine, lel him bay nay sixire of duo Now Jersey breeders and dump gena.. inters the water. With filmier a stertor yen may select a quantity of ddn vette batreehia, and then you will have the melena of a for- tune, Don't interfere with year water in- treatment ter a year, Any here than to keep. Your growing meek well supplied with feed. They require an abundance, but as they are not very dainty in their tastes, the expense account will be llghb. '"" For a young furan two barrels a day of hotel•tebie *crepe will keeps the frogs in splendid shape, se that at the end of twelve months you nu begin; marketing all thetyon can dell out. at the sane price as Sprint; ahiekenr. Oleo me the time end faellitioe, and I will wager that at the end of two yore I will be living on an .inane of 0,000, and my frogs will pee' all expen;ea." Emend Ceeee eeeet FOWLS. Mrs. C. I.t., Davey, Nebr., asks how to keap cabbage through winter for fowls. In newer we may say 1t is quite ample. Hang up a lot of heade by the roots in any dark, cool plass where they will not freeze, far early nee in winter, For 'neer use, and until vegetation appears, melte a trench 1 toot deep and 3 feet wide; plate the cabbage in Ibis as closely AS possible, root; up ; cover with the earth thrown out of the trench, and when the ground is frozen, cover with litter to beep out the frost, From this trench the cabbage may betaken as wanted, If frozen when taken out, thaw out in a dark, cool place before feeding. .0.._ Caught by Guile. When a non shakes f e mane and roars, thane actions have a practical as well as a dramatis significance. Like a skilful or- ator, the lien nob ealy uses the goatures appropriates to tho ecexsioa, but he noes them with a purpose, A. traveller in Africa gives, in "Days and Nights by the Desert," the following dosariptiom of the method ad. opted by lion in attacking oettie and horses. Lions, as a rule, hunt in family parties. A very old lion not infrequently inoapaorbated from taking an active pari in pursuing game, is geaorally to be found at the head of anoh a coterie, and on him devolves no nnimpor• tans part of the programme, Downto leeward, a hundred or more pass below when the draught bullocks are made faab when a train halts for rest, the young and active males and lionesses place themselves behind what available cover ie to be found. This being dorso, the old lion goes to windward of the encampment, and shakes out hie abundant mane in the breeze, so that the odor from it may be carried down so the excited draught animals. One sniff of the tainted breeze brings every ox to his feet, in a moment ; then, standing, often trembling with fear, they gaze with dilated eyes into the impenetrable darkness. ('loser and closer approaches the aged lion to his victims, shaking and re - shaking the dense, tawny covering of his forequarters. Then if the travelIer's harness be not strong, he may look out for a stampede. Should it hold temporarily, the aggressor, as a climax to his former mancenvre, gives utterance to his deepest and loudest roar, when the frightened besets, if net secured by the stoutest fastening that can be ob- tained, will break free, and rush with in. conceivable rapidity into the vary jaws of their foes, secreted to leeward. MEAT I$ GOING ON IN MARS. Peculiarities of our Planet Neighbor —Are the Changing Lines Due to Clouds? Dr riot`, PROCroE. Mare is shining resplendently in our skies, and a hundred telescopes of splendid powers are available for the, work of studying his ruddy face, "to discern rivers or mountain( on hie. spotted globe." I could wlah to sug- gest spacial observations of Mars here in Amerika, where the skies are so clear, where the planeb rides so much higher than in Eng land and where the finest tcleaedpee in the world areready for the work and in the hand* of observers like Burnham, Young, Han and others who, are second to none an the slot' necessary for the kind of work re- quired. Mara angle! bo be en ahjeot of opeeial in- terest just new, if those students of antro nteney mean all they say who assert their belief thee we must accept all that has been actually sbsorve3 precisely an the observer has reoerded it. Even those who accept only the good old meths of our English Regal Astronomical Society—quire:rod ni et ref endee a (whatsoever shines tato be obsery ed) -,-ought to be specially intere,ted just now in studies of the planet long called a "miniature of our earth." For very strange, and indeed, on the face of them, aimeet In- explicable things have been going en upon that ruddy plena. One might imagine that the fancy which a dreamer on our earth orate started bad taken possession (her sono strange telepathie indnenee) of the inhabit. nate of Marc, and that they were atriving to culnrnuuieate with us Terrenea by alguale of Et moot stupendous eon and involving en gineering problems which amoredly would be beyond the SIASTRaY OF TEIi1t'.STIt1AL I Or.N, as that, even were we disposed to enter into correspondencewith the Mertieltste, we should .daft their method of communicating their ideal tote didloulb for imitationrepand The aA Mee tb b 'lata is a minieture world bad been steadily waiving in probability and general favor, where suddenly Sehlepar. elli, the eminent director of the Milan Oh- ereatory (would that ell efi'iotel astronomers had hie zeal 1), annennced that he had re. opined multitudinous candle on the planet, avers:ging twenty ratite or ro inwidth and a demand miles or se in length. As if that were not enough, be followed up the discovery by another, which suggested that he Martian eaginoere are not only enter. out their uenterpri ute He ennounceed maybhat alongside needy all the canals he had die. covered in, 1870, another set had been con• strutted by the epring of 1850. (He lied do. #abed the firab of the duplicate an at the end of 1370). 'When I asy that the second rot et ensile were elongeido the other sob, I mean that they ran parallel to them, at a moan dietance of about three huudredmtlee. Imagine what all this, if reel, would mean. We should oonnidertheengineore of America tolerably energetic if, in the aerie of a generatfea. (or even of several), they had constructed a anal twenty (or say only ten) milea wide, connecting New York and San Francisco, San Francon and New Odours,Wense New ns and Now York, Detroit and Mobil., Galveston and Portland, Me.; Port- land, Oro. and Jaokacnville, Fla.; San Diego, Cal., and Cincinnati, Si. Louis and Quebec, Montreal, and Toronto. Bab what should we think if, parallel to oath of theca immeano canals, and at a dtatancc of about three hundred miles, American engineers constructed a similar sot of canals, as long', and as wide as the first set, in about two years and two months ? Something akin to this was done in Mars during oar' year 1880 and 1881, if wo really aro to co- apt what Sohtaparolli saw as something which we are to believe—preobetly as he picture and describes it. Only we meet suppose areas considerably larger than the Northern American continent, engineered in this marvellous fashion. WIIAT ARE TUE DOVBtS CANALS. Retreat of Niagara Falls. Although the retreat of the fall is slow, it will in a very brief time, in the geological {sense of that word, lead to certain momen- t tons consequences. When the hard layer of Niagara limestone passes below the bed of 1 the river, the stream will then cut upon rooks of another constibutien, making for a time certain small falls at a higher geo- logical level; but in the course of ages, much ' less long than those which have elapsed since the birth of this waterfall, the gorge of the river will extend np into the basin of Lake Erie, draining away a considerable portion. of that fresh -water sea. We shall then, if the continent retains its present height above the level of the sea, have another system of cataracts, in the passage between Lake Erie and Lake Huron, which will also in time be worn away. Other cataracts will, then foram at tbe exit of Lake Michigan;: and thus the lower lakes of our great American system would be diminished in area, or perhaps even disappear. At a yet later stage, we may look for diminution in the size of Leke Superior, though that basin, owing to the strong wall which separates it from the lower lakes, is destined to endure long after the last-named basins have been diminished or entirely drained away. But this is not all 1 These "double can. ale," as the ever cautious maintainers of the doctrine that "seeing is believing" already galled them, would seem to have proved unsatisfactory to the Martian engineers ; for though they were seenin 1884 for three months, they disappeared one after another, till none were lett—that is, the second canal or "double" disappeared, leaving only the original set. It was as though rival canal oompanies on Mars had started competing nets of canals, striving perhaps to get up some trust system which might destroy the holders of the old canal system, but had failed in the contest and had had. their whole series of duplicate canals confis- cated and afterwards filled up. But, if so, they either recovered their financial position or wen replaced by others, for the duplicate canals reappeared in 1886, only to disappear after a few mentos, and strangely enough, in 1886 as in 1884 the second set of canals diaappeared jest at the time when one would have rhonght that on a cold planet like Marti travelling by canal weuld be most enjoyable, namely about the time of Mar- tian Midsummer for the regions where the oanals are seen 1 Another theory might be suggested as on the , whole more probable that the canal theory—theugh perhaps that as not saying much. How if we snproae that the Mar - flatlets are toy ing to attract our attention with their net -work of brow 1 streaks, their reduplicated strokes and so forth ? What if, finding us *responsive to their fire* aeries of signals they have.thoughn it dear. able to wipe them off their red -beard and presently make a new series? "Surely," we can imagine them saying, "if there are inhabitants on that lovely star of morning and evening in which our philosophers take so much interest, they must have sense enough to know that we arb not making strokes on our own world a thousand miles long and twenty miles broad for nothing ; they ought to see that we want to communi- cate with them, and' unless we suppose (which is, of course, utterly incredible) that they are more interested in eating ad drink- ing, marrying and giving in marriage, or even in fighting amongst each other, than in the soul stirring study of philosophy, we may fairly expeot that they will attend to our signals, learn to understated them, and then strive to resppnd to them as clearly as from their unfortunately inferior poeitioa (which onuses them to be invisible to us just when they aro nearest) it may be possible for them to do." And so the Martialists would continue to mark their planet with broad stripes for our edification, wiping them out and marking them in again, until we had found sense and courtesy enough to respond to them. ewer MAY BS BIG RIVERS. I am half afraid, to suggest that them theories, though both suggested by thatex- treme caution which dares not imagine that seeing is not l:elieering, may possibly be in- correct. The Martialiats may neither be making and forthwith unmaking. sets, ot monstrous camels, nor marking their world with broad striper to be presently wiped out again, like the chalk marks which a +" pre feasor' ot arithmetic traces on the black- heart. lack- board. Ye t 1 hesitate to mention the theory which suggested itself to me when Schiapar- elli announced his interesting obaervtions, and has seemed to me Co' firmed, such is the obstinaoy of theorisers, by everything which had been observed before or has been ob served since. It mesh aeem e. wild fency that siuco there are 8.e55 and eontinenta, clouds and mist on Mars, there may conceivably be rivers on shat miniature world. Such, however, hi the thought which suggested itself to me -- greatly daring. But melees the dark streaks nen on the continents aro the Martian rivers, zoo traces of Martian rivers can be seen no the planet. (Two marks. shaped thus, VV—the inside of the two Vae being dark—veiled the Fork- ed Bay, and compered to river mouths; but river mouths are set rivers, and it may be more cautions, perhaps. to suppose that One they look like two Vs, they are two V. meant for ne Terrenes to read), Now whet as yet Schleparelli sass only a. set of dark streaks on different parta of Mere—always on the ruddy continental tracks, be it ret. rnarkad-1t maned not unreaat.nai;le to sup pose that these marks were rather rivers than Innate. True, they seemed to bafifteen or twenty utiles wide, and no riversonMara could over be so wide en that. But then neither would any rcarenable beings con• etruct canals on Snell.a gigantic scale, and whoa 1l appeared that optical laws fully eat• plained the ggrraete breadth of these dark etreaka as in large part only apparent, this dlfilaalty dlseppeered. Elven ranging from $ fig yards to half a Mlle, er even a Mile, in width on the pinta Mara would alloy AO trace of their real breadth, even in the moat powerful telescopes, but be opti,,ally tree*, formed into streaks looking forty or fifty Ones wider then the rivere themselves. BUT WRY ARE TIILBE TWO OF ITtEm ? So far ea good. Rivera might be accepted fn explanation of the dark streaks, and since revere cnnnot after all, be regarded ae. etnpendonalyunlikely phenoraeue on aplate t like Mars, *Meth eertaiuly has seas, and awl certainly he * enutinente, this, explanation seemed reasonable enough. But haw about the dupplication of the dark streak*? Rivera cannot breve ghostly doubles ✓ unning parallal to their eonrao at disteners of from 250 to 3f0 risen, and prepared to appear and disappear in the creat startling and unexpoeted manger. Yet these double streaks were certainly seem Shcitaperelli ata no mere beginner with the telescope. Moreover, hie assistants saw the double streaks. Ferretti and Motion, of Nice, have aeon them eines, even up to this pree. sent year, when I'errotin hes bean 8o moved by what he has men as to vouch his belief in the canal epitome of Mara and in the amszing energies of Martian engineers. Ib is rather singular that none of the believers in the double canals (theepparent- ly double streaks are real enough) la preper- od to any which of the two Is the original canal (or dark streak). Does the dnplroate canal always appear to tho right er akweys to the left, or—where they run athwart— always above or always below the original streak i To these .questions 1 ars going to give very daring response. I have seen the angle dark streaks, and, after examining the beat records of the double dark stranke I feel satisfied shat neither the right.band nor the left hand streaks of pairs running north and south, neither tho upper nor the lower streaks of pairs running oast and west, on Mars is the original dark streak but that that itreek oorresponde in position with the streak of light between the double dark streaks. I am satiefied that dwellers been no duplication at all, but the dark streak hat simply changed to a light streak, bordered (partly by an effect of contrast. partly through the well-known optical phenomenon calleddiffraction) by two dark streaks. eve exareeente G FEATS. I was so wanting in caution as to suggest the possibility of this view being the correct one even before the evidence was sufficient positively to enpport it. Whatever the dark streaks may be, I reasoned, they cannot possibly be double canals. What- ever the cause of the changes affecting them, they cannot be due to Martian engineering operations. It would be monstrous, I argued (in my incautious way), to imagine such operations on a planet whose chances in the evolution of life would certainly net lend themselves to the development of oreatnres so far surpassing man in engineering daring and capacity. On the other hand, it does seem conceivable—nay, it even seems likely —that rivers which at times, perhaps usual- ly, would look like dark streaks en Mars would ab times look like bright streaks, while at ether times perhaps these ctreake would disappear altogether. What if a whole Martian continent, rivers and all, became enehrended in clouds? Would not the rivers then be altogether invisible—as utterly invisible as our rivers would be to an aeronaut high above a dense layer of impenetrable cloud ? What if at other times, though the clouds cleared away from a whole continent, they still remained above the rivers. changing them for the observer en earth into streaks of cloud -like light, because the clouds along those river beds would turn "their silver linings".towards the observer on earth ? Is it eo utterly wild and fanciful to . adopt the idea (rejecting even those ex- ceedingly probable Martian canals, duplicate and otherwise) that what happens on our earth, with her seas, continents and rivers, might happen en a planet which visibly has seas and continents and in whose air -clouds visibly gather and clear away or discharge their waters in rain, so that we may not unsafely suspect that the planet has rivers alto ? THE ErcECT OF CLOUDS. If we thus daringly imagine resemblance between the condition of Mars and that of a planet insome; stage .01 its life not utterly unlike our earth, instead of assuming more cautiously the construction " (in a year or two) of canals thousands of miles long and twenty miles or so wide, we are led to im- agine also something akin to terrestrial con- ditions. We picture clouds covering, the Martian continents in the daytime ; we im- agin a clearing, away of the clouds every - where except along the river-tracke in the. spring, and finally the clearing away of the clouds even over the river -tracks in the analyzer time. I feel regretful that all this is so little in accordance with the Gargan- tuan canal making, but myreaders trust forgive me if rash daring , pre. septa to my incautious mind seas, rivers, clouds and *o forth as on the whole more probable than canals many hundreds of miles long where canal would be utterly melees, and twenty rules wide where de would seen)) a quarter of a mile of width woull have satisfied all Martian require. meats. The Martian winter would be the, time of general overcloudiag, the Martian spring being the time for the clearing away of cloud everywhere save al mg the river tracks, and Martian midsummer the time when the clouds would clear away alto. gather and the rivers appear with their naturaldarkner of tint, As if to encourage my rashnesa in reject- ing the immense, yetever changing, Martian .cilia's, and preferring the thought that there may be rivers on a planet which has seas and continents, clouds and snows end ether characteristics akin to time of our own earth, Mars himself reports precisely such chaogea as we should expeob were my overbold speculation sound. Sohi.parelli the ori„ incl discoverer of the canals and of their duplicates, fire# also to suggeet the theory which M. Penedo, of Nice, leas re, cently advocated, points out in his report o e hie Mahar studies that the dark streaks vioible singly in the Martian summer and in viable in the Martian winter are doubled in the Martian spring. As spring ad.'ancee and the summer solstice appronehea, the double ;creaks become oue after another single, ua- til finally, at midsummer, every ono of them has lost its companion streak. It dons not seem to have occurred to him, in making or in recording these observations, that the disippearenee of a companion canal a thou, nand nliies long and twenty miles wide, in a few weeks would saggeet a destructive energy. gy on the part of Mercian engineers even more wonderful that, the energy displayed in matting the canals. With exemplary caution he and Perrotie and other believera in Martian canals adhere to their faith in what their " very own eyes" ''neve seen. It is only I, wildly and fancifully "speculative, who euggeet that their canals are but the product* of aptieal illusion, and, that Mars hat rivers as the earth has. A Frontier $keteh. tr me, w. nossM, ++Just a cabin in a decrier," A wild rase einem raiz o'er, And a woman with a baby Standing In the eabin deer. Ia tbe field n12.113 Is ploathing, And whistling as he goes. While the women and the baby nee counting alt the role. And the forest Elands around them, The aky 1. spread above, And everywhere ie writteo, The mystery et Love, 'Tia a home that love Is mooting Where serene, young rite sball grew. Would I bad the artist's power, That Dimple home to show. I would paint the lights and. shadow 01 that young face co rani I'd copy all the poesy "Slaty" had written there. 1'd paint the wondrous symb 1s Toot baby fl gere trace Upon trio father's. cheek and brow,. The love•ilicmtned taco, Tia promise and the mystery Enfolding baby 111', And Love's Milne InUUlment, Io wedded man and wife. .lust a cabin in b "clearing," And a wild rots clamberaog o'er, Arid a woman a ith a baby Standing in the cabin door. But Love is reachingdownward To lighten toll ancare And Lova on swift wings mounting, Heavenward those hearts nota bear. Questions. Why is it asks a writer in the Mannino. tnrers' Gazette, when you fail to drive in a *crow, or withraw an old one, with a short screw driver, you can do it with a kong one with comparative ease, or else twist the head off it? There is certainly no gain by leverage inexzhanging, a shot screw driver nen be operated as quickly as a short one. We all understand what a lever is, the also understand that what wo gain in power by the use of ono we gain in time. The longer the lever the more power gained and the more time lett. Does that apply to the sorew-driver? The same writer asks this: Every one has noticed that, as a passenger train is appioaobing a station, people who intend to get off arise from their seats, and approach the forward door and remain standing until the train comes to estop, and when it does stop they all lurch baokward the force sf the lurch depending on the sndF dennese of the stop. Even though a man is familiar with +he action, he will have to brace himself well in order to preventpitch- ing baoewards. Now the question is, why do they not lnroh forward in the direction the train is moving, instead of badkward, when the train stops? Sea -Sickness -A Suggestion. Extracts from a letter : Here we are oft-- Sable ftSable Island, 800 miles from New York, and a cyclone strikes ne, traveling seventy miles an hour. The morning broke on useteark, 1 clammy, and threatening, and as the day wore on the wind gathered its strength. The. majestic angor of the sea awoke, the waves proudly reared their heads and then broke into wild, white, angry spray, but the "Brie I tonic's " 5,000 tons, trembling and creaking, redo the stormy waters well. Bub not so well, we 1 We had here our first touch of real sea -sickness 1 Oh, horrors 1 What uttermost languor and loathing and abomin- able desolation settle down with their cold,, clammy sweat upon the very marrow of my being I My neck "struck" and wouldn't hold up my head 1 The strength of my joints and muscles melted away. I lost alt physical uprightness and coherence and direction. I was without form, and void. felt mveelf unmade and undone—stnpidl and avekwardly made, In brief, I capita gated to the sea, .unconditionally. I becam atlaing 1 And I was not alone -I saw ladle and gentlemen hanging over the ship's sid like clothes hanging on a line 1 Why done• we substitute seasickness for fire in our de soriptions of purgatory and hell ? "Man is but areel," aye Pascal, "but is a thinking reed.''