HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance, 1917-08-16, Page 3r••••`•••
LA
Tea is Delicious and Pure
Sealed Packets Only Never in bulk
Bald
BLACK, MIXED or NATURAL GREEN
a4ii4c
MAKING OF COTTAGE ,OHEESE,
Cottage cheese, eleo known as
Bawer Kase and Clabber Cheese, is
en article ot food specially recom-
Mended as nutritious, and an excel-
ient substitute for aeat. t is claim-
ed that each pound of cottage cheese
tar/Ashes. aa mach protein or body-
building material as does the same
weight of beef. It is, however, not
quite go rich lu int energy supply as
meat. It being easily made, it is best
to make it often, so that it may be
eaten fresh, although if kept in a
Cool place it will remain in good eon-
dition for several days. •
Select as much good skim milk as
will be required for two or three days'
eupply. Eah gallon of skim milk will
Make about lee pounds of cheese. The
skim milk should first be placed in a
pail or shot -gun • can, warmed to 75
degrees Fahrenheit and allowed to
stand at that temperature until cur-
dled. A thermometer should always
be used; never guess at the tempera-
ture. The temperature can be con-
trolled by keeping the pail or can of
milk in a tub, sink or other vessel fill-
ed with -water of the same temperature.
The time required for curdling will de-
pend upon the freshness a the milk.
When a starter dr good sour milk is
available, a better or more uniform
cheese can be made and the time for
curdling lessened. About a cupful of
starter or good sour milk per gallon
of skim milk is sufficient, although
more can be used. With that quan-
tity of starter the skim milk will cur-
dle in from 10 to 15 hours, while w•ith-
out started fresh milk may not curdle
for 24 hours, or even longer. The
greater the quantity of starter the
'sooner curdling wit ltake place. Dur-
sng the setting no special attention is
necessary., As soon as a firm, smooth
Curd has been formed, it is ready for
cutting.
-
The curd is cut into one -inch or
two-inch aquares with a long -bladed
knife. Thetemperature of curdled
milk (or coaglum) is then, raised to
100 degrees'Fahrenheit, and the mass
stirred gently from time to time. When
that temperature has been maintained
for halt an hour the curd is ready to
be drained. The degree of heating
largely determines the dryness of the
cheese; the higher the temperature
the drier the cheese will be.
After heating the card Is poured into
a chectecloth sack or a piece of drain-
ing cloth thrown over a pail. If a pail
Is used it will be necessary to pour out
the whey occasionally, so that drain-
ang will contitaue. In 15 or 20 minutes
the curd will become mushy and will
drain more slowly. The sides a the
cloth may then be raised and lowered
every few minutes to hasten draining.
When the curd is rather firm and the
whey has nearly -ceased to flow, It Is
ready for saltiag, although tastes dlr.
ler 'somewhat, some preferring a dry,
while other a soft, moist cheese.
The cheese should be salted to suit
the taste. Usually, however, from one
to two teaspoonfuls per gallon of milk
Is about the quantity desired. The
salt may be sprinkled over the curd
and worked in with a spoon or paddle.
The cheese is then ready to eat. If
kept several days it ahould be stored
in an earthenware or glass vessearath-
ar than one of tin or wood. The cheese
should be stored in a cold place, as it
will keep longer without becoming
our or mouldy.
POINTERS WORTH REMEMBERING
Cottage cheese made with rennet, a
junket of tablet or pepsin, has a finer
and more uniform texture, and re•
quires less time and attention in mak-
ing. Any one of these 'will cause the
milk to curdle sooner. The process of
making is .the same, except that four
or five hours after the skim milk is set
at go degrees F. two or three drops of
liquid rennet per gallon of milk are
diluted in a tablespoonful of cold water
and stirred into the milk When ren-
net is not available, one-eighth of a
junket tablet per gallon, of milk may
he disaolved in a tablespoonful of cold
Water and stirred into the milk, Pow-
dered pepsin may be used for the same
purpose, a quantity that will remain
upon the pint of a peaknife being
diseolved in a tablespoonful of cold
'Water and the', mixed with the -milk.
When tetinet, junket tablet or pepsin
is used the coagulum is placed in a
drain eloth without cutting or heating.
A finer or heavier draining cloth is
necessary because of the fineness of
the curd. The cheese is salted as de -
'lathed.
Sweet or sour cream added to cot -
take cheese, makes a richer and more
palatable product,
While for small-scale operation the
pasteuriz.tion ot skim Milk may not
always be practicable, it permits a
better control of the fermentation, in-
creases the yield of cheese, and ren-
ders the product safe from disease -
producing organisms. With pastelite
!zed milk it is absolutely neeessary to
Uge a starter.
Cottage cheese is judged by its
or aitd. texture, flay -
A high-quality cheese
Should have a elean, mild acid flavor
and A texture smooth, free from
turtles and uniform or honleigeneous
•••risperam.fr
throughout, Flavor can be controlled
by the use of clean, eweet skim milk
and a good starter, but texture largely
eepenes Unell Careful manipulatiov
during the making process.
FARM NEWS AND viEvs.
Borax ie valuable arouud farms and
out ot doors to keep down the flies.
One pound of borax to 12 bushels of
manuri3 will be found desirable as a
flY poison without injuring its man-
urial qualities or farm stock. Scatter
borax over the manure and sprinkle
with water.
Rape affords a good summer pas-,
ture for ewes sucking lambs. It should
be sown in spring wheu the grass
etarts. The seed may be broadcagt-
ed at the rate of from four to six
pounds to the acre. Prom six to
eight weeks after the rape is sown it
will be large enough to pasture. Dwarf
Eesex is the variety used for sheep
pasture.
The French are reputed to be the
most skillful horse feeders in the
world, having for hundreds of years
tested all kinds of methods of feeding.
Among the rules laid down, Intent the
most important is that there nntst be
an interval of four 9r five hours be-
tween meals to keep the horse in good
condition.
On earth or gravel roads, ruts are
best treated with the drag. The rain-
ier the weather the more often the
road should be dragged A. 'liberal
use of the drag witli a thin coat of
sand or gravel spread over the sur-
face when softened by ram will fre-
quently put a. poor earth road in such
a condition that it can carry heavy
traffic for a ehort time. On the other
hand, sand roads give less trouble in
wet weather because the moisture
tends to hold the separate grains of
sand in place.
Beans are a warm weather crop and
may be planted any time after the
ground becomes fairly warm and when
there is no danger of frost after the
plants are through the ground. The
growing season extends from May. to
September.
There are three distinct kinds of
beans—striug, green shell and field.
Any average soil is good for the cul-
tivation of the striug bean, and a suc-
cession of plantings should be Made.
Either the yellow or green pod variety
may be used. Plant about three
inches apart in rows and cover to a
depth of two to three inches.
The green shell, or bunch bean, is
planted in hills and a pole is placed by
each hill on whicle the vine may
climb. These beans are usually taken
from the pods just before they are
fully matured, though they may be
left in the pod until 'fully matured
and tlaen dried.
The field beans are never taken
from the pods until fully matured,
These are more often a field crop, the
planting, harvesting and threshing be-
ing done by mathinery. Thera is
much danger of field beans rusting if
there is a large amount of heat and
rain, and if ,the weather is dry the
pods will not fill, due to imperfect
pollination.
More coin more forage crops, more
live stock, and do not forget the im-
Os •
IRISH SPANIARDS.
America Did Not Get All Emi-
grants of the Emerald Isle,
"You are, perhaps., too much inclin-
ed to think," said a Spaniard recently,
"that America ie the only foreign
country where Irish emigrants land.
33ut there le an Irish element in Spain,
though less numerous, also important.
It is probable that the special condi-
tions of this old country, its Catholic
faith, its monarchical spirit, and noble
traditions, particularly attracted the
more distinguished Irish families in
search of a new home, whale the mid-
dle and poorer ciassea preferred to
sail to more democratic and English-
speaking lands.
"This would explain why moat of
the Irish -Spaniards belong to the
army. The Spataish army lista abounde
with names like O'Shea, O'Connor,
afacKenna, O'Neil, earl of Tyrone, be-
came a Spanish field marshal, and in
the Carnet ware won the title of Mar-
ques del Norte. Hie son, though an of-
ficer in the Spaniah infantry, was bet-
ter known as a poet, Another poet of
Irish dement died recently in Madrid,
Fernandez Shaw, And the name of
General Oefeonnell is as famoue in
Spain no that of -Wellington in Eng-
land, General 4:)`Donnell was in com-
mand of the ,Spanish troope which in-
vaded Morocco in the last year's of
Queen Isabella's reign, and hie trium-
phant march was only ehecked by the
diplomatic oppoeition- or England.
"Most of theee Irieh-Spaniarda emi-
grated duritig the first half of the
nineteenth century. They were quieltly
abeorbed by Spain—a country which
quickly statnps her character on new-
comers—and hardlY any of their pres-
ent repreAettittives speak English, or
have any knowledge of lenglleh and
Irish life. But they carry everywhere
their family talcs of a dark past and
their namee as withesses of their fani-
ily romance, and their influence le no
doubt overwhelming ou the general
0.,p1nion which Spelt, ignorant of the
Progreso Of later yeah; Atilt entertalhe
on the 'oppressed sister Island,'
"Another important link between
Ireland and Spain -ie the Irish sentin-
ary for Roman 'Catholic prieste still
existing in Salamanea. It creates a
continuous channel of. eommunica-
hone for the clergy Of the two coun-
tries. It must be added that the very
numerous wealthy farallies who went
to give their daughters an Englieh
edtleation generally plaee them in
EnglielaePeaking convents, either in
s'Paln Or In England, These eonvente
ere generally TrisheN—Exclienge,
Cheese Salad,
'Tis easily made,
And very nutritiOue,
Have you eine cottage cheese?
Well, seaeOn it with melted butter.
Add to title a little peprika and Mtn.,
tard.
Roll' into belie With pitted eleerriea
ht the centre.
Plea. Oath on a disk ot nicely tast-
e/1 bread,
Piped MayOnrialse !naked tit WY
tatty and effeetive &le
It'll a poor fuel that can't a Werked
hetet ways.
1
I
Gen, Mande's
Despatch
•
Lieuteetentral etenley Inettee's de -
4,111.4,111 donna vault the uperatione car.
ried out against Jut and Interdad by the
Mesopotamian Expeditionary leoree
has lust been issued.
It deals with the work done between
Aug. 33th, Ivle, and March mat, 1917; a
zp):II)o:rztottron.s,even months, ot which the
tiret three mad a half Were devoted to
I. pan aft:turning Centmend, General
Mamie, coutinued tbe re-orsani-
zution begun by bie pl'etiecessor, Lieut. -
General lair Percy latee. The health and
training uf the troopth mho bast mufti' -
ed severely front tne intense summee
heat, was improved. Means of common',
(Atkin by rail, load and river over a, eosin -
try diffseult at uny time, and made Men -
cult by both floods and droughts, 'were
perfected; and the lines of communlea-
tions themselves Neeuree agalnet. attack.
Reinforcements were tiecumulated, re-
sources wore developed, and reserves et
buppltes, ammunition and agree were
amaseed.
By the beginning of December, 1919,
movement was begun againut the enemy
about Kut. The Turk &till eccupled the
sense pomitions on the Tigris front which
he had ocettpled during the summer, On
the left bank they held the hitherto un-
eoriquereble Sannalyat position, which,
they had strengthened and elaborated.
Rut Was protected on the right bank by
a system of trenchearanuing porn a
point on the levee 5 rnlies to the north.
vest and circling beneath it across the
misdate Bend, instil cut by the River
Hal, two miles below the exit from the
Tigris. This system was continued to
the northwest. The position gave the
ettack a good ehanee of succese, and it
was decided to secure possession of the
Hai, clear all the enemy trenches on the
eight or the Tigris, while at the same
time so sapping his strength by eon -
Stant battle at Sannalyst that he must
either give up that position or so weak-
en lits limit that a crossing of the Tigris
might be easily •accomplished further
West.
The .first movement was successfully
accomplished on December 13th. Lieu-
tenant -General Cobbo distracted the at-
tention of the enemy by a bombardment
of the Sannaiyat lines, while during the
night of the 33th, 14tit the cavalry and
Lieutenant -General etarehall'a force
truck 'westward to the Hal, surprised
the enemy, and cleseed both banks of
the river up to the Hal bridge -head,
which was strongly held. By the 18th.
Lieutenant -General Marshall had fought
his way forward until we had won cotn-
mend of the river upstream of the glut-
dairi Bend. The operation gave us di-
rect control of the llai, and enabled us to
threaten the enemy's ,seemmunications
wrest of Sheariran, while it safeguarded
ouseewn communications end opened out
prospercus eistriots for our own supply.
The enemy still clung to his positions
on the right of the TIgrie in tbe Kha-
&the Bend. Here he menaced our corn-
municatione on the Hai, and he also had
It he his power to inundute portions of
our line, The enemy held ix strong line
In flat, bare country, 'difficult for at-
tack. Lieutenant -General Cobbe spent
the time between January 6th and 19th
cleering the Bend. The preliminary
stage involved digging some WOE yards
of treneh under trying conditions—con-
stant ram and exposed to enemy fire,
but It was duly carried, out. On the
9th the Gurkhas, and Mahrattas had
taught their way to the river bend on
the left after severe hand-to-hand fight-
ing, On the right our troops made
eteady progrees, and a heavy eountere
attack, got forward under cover of at
mist, was broken by the resolute resis-
tance of the Manchester, a froetier Rifle
Regiment, and a detachment of Sikh
pioneers. Lieutenarit-Cleneral Marshall's
ca-valry Vteet of the Hal carried out suc-
cessful diversions, and, though tbey
were hampered by the mist, they forced
their way into Hai town, and occupied
It for several. days. By the 17th our
troops were pressing the enemy hard,
and by Vie 19th Ida position had become
so difficult that lie voluntarily .retired
across the Tigris, During these opera-
tions the fighting had been severe, main-
lyehand to hand, but the enemy, In spite
of his tenacity,has more than met his
match In the dash and resolution of our
troops.
While this fighting was MA progress
Lieutenant -General .Makshall began his
•
preparations for the reductien of the Hai
salient, and the extensive trench sys-
tem -which the Turks held astride the
Het River, near its junction 'With the
Tigris. On the 25th the enemy's front
line on a frontage of about 1,800 yards
Was captured, There was heavy bomb-
ing fighting, and the Turks made good
use bf OMNI!), concealed guns and ma-
chine guns. In a series of counter-at-
tacks the enemy was able to recapture
his line, but a gallant charge across the
open by the Royal Warivicks restored the
situation. On the 26th the assault et
two Punjabi battalions was a complete
success, and in stubborn fighting our hold
on both banks of the river wits increased.
Our tawdry attempted to strike against
the enemy's rear via Bedrah and. Sersan,
but the waterlogged ground held them
up, On February 1st the Cheshires led
ea attack which gave us further ground,
and on the ard, the Devons and a Gurkha
Battalion carried two lines of works, and
held them in spite of counter atteck and
artillery fire. That evening the enemy
began to retire, and by the morning of
the 6th had fallen back to the liquorice
factory. and a line Ease and 'West across
the Dahra Bend,.
The liquorice factory was dealt with
14howitzer fire, and on the •9th the
King's On effected a valuable lodg-
ment In the Centre or the enemy's line,
which enabled us to extend rapidly on
both flanks. By the night ot the tom,
lith it -became known that the enemy had
gie en up his forward positions, and had
rethed to an inner line' across the Debra.
Bend. On tho 1511i the final battle for
the position was epened by the Loyal
North Laneashires, and after some dash-
ing fighting by the Royal Welsh Fusil-
iers, the South 'Wales Borderers,* the.
Buffs and the Dogma, the enemy was
pushed bodily to the eigris, and by night
only held about a mile of -works. Two
cotnpaniek of a Gurkha battalion, act-
ing on their own initiative, took these
trenches, and on the 16th the Mehra, Bend
watt clear of the enemy.
The final action for the eapture of Kut
now caw, Lieutenana,General Cohbe,
'who had kept the enemy. Constantly on
the alert at Sannaiyat, began a threa-
tening attack on the 22nd; ' He captur-
ed some of the works, before hitn, and
.was at once subjected to heavy cc:Muter-
attacks, which the Seaforths brilliant)*
resisted. On tEe night of the 22nd, 23rd
feints were being made against the river,
opposite Rut, and oppoalte the liquor
factory, and the Turks; were Misled Into
thanking bridging operations were to ;take
place at this point,- The point chosen
-wee actucilly at the South and of the
Shumran Bent, West of Kut. The Nor -
folks Wetted a surprise lodgrnent with
the firet trip, but the other ferries carry-
ing Gurkhas were met with a stagger-
ing fire, and only wig& difficulty effected
a. landing. The Teorfolks and Gurkhas
held on tenatiously and pushed 11.0
stream a$ bridging operations were
commenced, )3y nightfall, aa a. result
of the day'a operate:ma, our trotnee had,
by their uneonquerable valbur and de.
termination • forced a passage across a
Meer in /flood, 340 yards Wide, in face
of strong,' oplaositIon, and had eecured
a position atett yerds Ici depth, cover-
ing thebridge head. While thie crossing
ITCHING BURNING \
PIMPLES ON BABY
Head and Face Covered, Came Off
In Scat's, Would Cry Most All
Nigh Cuticura Healed.
"When r y baby was two weeks o14
her head and face became covered
with little water pimples.
They later broke and
driest, and came off in
scales. They itched and
burned terribly and she
could not sleep but would
cry most all night. She
WS so cross and fretful
I could not leave her to
do my work.
"Then I got Cuticura Soap and Oint-
ment. In three weeks there was not a
trace of the trouble left. She was
healed:" (Signed) Mrs. Alex. Foster,
R. R. 2, Proton Sta., Ont.,pne 9, 1916.
Prevent further trouble y using Cu-
ticura Soap for the toilet.
For Free Sample Bach by Mail ad-
dress post -card: 'Cutieura, Dept. A,
Boston, U. S. A," Sold everywhere.
was rroceeding Lieutenant -General Cobbe
had eecured the third and fourth linee
of Sannaiyat, and was working his weer
with bombs oeep Info the maze of trench-
es. On tho 24th the fight was resumed,
the enemy fighting tenaelously, but the
end was certain. Geueral Cobbe carried
the Sannaiyat position, and the enemy
was now in eomplete retirement.
Lieutenant -General liarshall took up
the purault of the enemy with dasli, broke
the enemy 8 miles from Shtunran, and
followed vigorously. On the 2(ith the
retreat was rapid, with the cavalry and
infantry following on either bank, and
the river craft of the Royal Navy Push-
ing up stream in hot pursuit. Much
booty and" many enemy vessels, includ-
ley those captured from us, fell inte our
hands. .The pursuit was broken off at
Aziziyeh`; 60 miles from Kut, and half-
way to Bagdad and a pause for re-
orgauizetioa was made, while Ieeutenant-
General Cobbe',s force closed to the
point, On the 6th movement began again,
and an advance made` to Lajj. Here
the Turkish rear -guard was found well
entrenched, It was attacked and defeat-
ed, and retired during the night.
On the 7th we were In toueh with the
enemy's line on the Diale,h, a river join -
Ing the Tigris, 8 miles below Bagdad.
On the 8th a crossing was attempted in
the face of a withering fire, and as this
manoeuvre was felt to be impracticable.
a force under Lieutenant -General Mar-
shall was ferried acrose the Tigris to en-
filade the enemy position with gubs from
the right bank of the river. During the
night 01 the ale 9th further attempta
were made to ferry the river. Only one
suceeded, and landed a party of 70 01
the Loyal North Lancashires on the fur-
ther bank, For the next 22 hours, until
the passage of the river was completely
forced, the detachment held on gallantly
In its isolated position, under constant
close flee trent the surrounding buildings,
trenches and gardens. On the 8th the
eavalry and a. portion of General Cobbe's
force croosed the Tigris, worked up to
Shawa Khan, and, well served by aero-
plane scouts, pushed on towards Bag-
dad. On the mornlag of the 10th our
cavalry fought the way to a point 2
miles west of Bagdad railway station
end, In a blindingdust storm, followed
the 15eoeuville railway up to the sta-
tion, on the left bank of the Tigris. Gen-
eral Marshall had forced the Mahal at
two points early on the 10th, had linked
up with the devoted Loyal North Lan-
eteshires, and had advanced against the
strong position of Tel Muhammod, which
eoeered Bagdad. Luring the night the
Turks retired, and General Marshall en-
tered Bagdad amid manifestations of
est:erection on the past of the inhabi-
tants- The genboat flotilla, riroceedlreg
up stream In lineahead formation, an-
chored off the British Residency, and
the two forees under Lieutenant -Gene's -
ale Marshall and Cobbs provided_for the
security of the approaehes to the eity.
An immense booty which the eneity had
been unable to destroy was taken, In-
cluding all the guns, (rendered useless by
General Townshend) taken by the enemy
at Kut.
After the fall of Bagdad precautions
were made to secure the eatety of the
British army. A. brilliant operation
carried our force upward on the rail-
way line.to the Mushardie Station, wisigh
the Black Wateh and the Gurkhas rush-
ed on the night of March 14. The enemy's
flight was so rapid that touch 'was not
obtained again. By the 18th our front
was extended north-east by the capture
of Baqubah, on the Dialah, and the line
thus moved out towards the Russians an -
preaching from Persia. To the west the
front was also consolidated by the occu-
pation of Feluja, on the Euphrates, on
March 19th. Co-operating with the move-
ment of the Russiana from lehanikin,
our forces moved up tne Dialah to hold
the retreating Turks, and Shahraban was
occupied on March 23rd The enemy en-
deavored to bar our progress, but dur-
lug the night of 24, 23th and the day fol-
lowing we forced our way up over thc
hills of iii Jebel Heursin range, and 'heal
him, though we were forced to with-
draw because of the difficulties of thc
country. On the 26th the enemy begun
a converging movement dovm the Dialah
from Dell Abbas, and along the left
benk of the Tigris trona Seale el Adhaira,
apparently to aseist the withdrawal of
ethe Turkish forces before the Russians.
Both these columns 'were brilliantly
beaten back,
The report is brought to a close by the
statement that the total nuilibee of pris-
oners taken in the period under review
was 7,921, General Maude praises the
cceduct of the officers and men who
worked so -vvell under such difficult and
ardous conditions, "13ritish and Indian
troops, working side by side, have vied
-with eaeh other in their efforts to close
with the enemy, and all ranks have been
Imbued throughout with that offensive
spirit which is tho soldier's finest
jewel,"
- • 'St
We're All Like Her.
Terence V. Powderly, of labor fame,
was talking about compulsory arbitra-
tion.
"The trouble WIthh the work), in
general;" be said, thoughtfally,
that we all know just what the other
fellow Ought to do, but we take little
account of what We ought to do our-
selves.
"I found a young bride one day
bending, Witk a stern and severe air,
over a dry looking volume.
"What are you reading?' I asked,
"',Au excellent work,' she replied;
called 'Happineas in Marriage.' "
'What advice,' I Raked, 'does it
give to willies?'
"'1 don't know,' she answered. 'I'M
reading the advice to husbands.'"
***+++++**
Breath ofDeath
In the Trenches
In days of yore, when frieatee
streined eloude or sail
and. bore down upon' the enemy, Old
Boreas Played en imPertant pare in
naval warfare, and the fiat was won
by that commentler who 0111114 Pe0-e
noeuvred so as t''o place himself to the
waadward of his Opponent.
But modern science developed the
steam -driven ironclad and dread-
noughe which much redueed the hne
portance of Old Boreas la the eyes of
naval commander% in fact, to -day,
they Maul pretty close to leaving him
out of their calculations altogether.
So Old Boreas has shifted his scene
of operation's to the lane, and by the
v.id of that tame science which has
slighted him at sea, he has developed
into a very...important factor of trench
warfare.
To -day the troops in the trenches
pray for a windward; position with ,re -
sped to the enemy, and view the al-
most invisible line vehich marka the
top of his trench with grim serioute,
nese if not with fear when the wind
shifts and they find themselves to the
leeward.
On such days they don the weird gas
masks, for they know not the moment
when that vague misty cloud will
form 'suddenly and float across no
-
man's land to envelope them in its
choking folds, permeated with palatal
and slow death,
There is no safeguard against thin
heavy, clinging poison cloud except
the gee mask, a respiratory applianee
which through the action of the Gleam -
feats it contains stratus out the poison
aud allows the wearer to breathe only
the air.
ONE BREATH OF DEATH,
4.4 leaky mask may mean death. It
always means inflamed lungs anti seri.
outs sickness. Wben gangeriue aevel-
Os, as it nearly always does, death,.
Is almost certalia.
When one is shot, one usually ktiows
the worst right away. But a men may'
be gassed and keep on fighting. 'Bat
when the strength of excitement dies
away the effects of that puhgeut in-
halation does not. One siclettess, end
waits several days perhaps to know
his fate.
Poison gas is a:Weapon that is sort
of futile in its very deellishness.
When the ,Germans first usea it whole
battalions in the English first lines
were wiped out by it. The first men
who faced it were taken unawares.
Taey did not know the import of the
mist which bore down upon them -un-
til it had enveloped them and done its
work.
There was ho safety from the flood
of gas in the dugouts, no more safety
than there would be from a flood of
water. The gas is very heavy. It
flows downhill with appreciable speed,
over the edge of the treach and down
into the subterranean passages and
chambers whicla afford such good pro-
tection against the heavy cannonade.
In fact, no worse refuge could be cho-
sen. The British were literally drown-
ed In tbe trenches. •
Then the Germans would advance
occupy the trenches. And the Britigh
would shell them out. After that, for
a while, the approach of the gas °egad
would be the signal for 'retirement
from the first line, followed by the
occupation and shelling -out process
and in turn the re -occupation of the
line by the British. '
But as from the beginning of the
war, that system of combat 'which em-
phasizes material science to the de-
triment of plain fighting quality,
proved its inferiority, forscience cen
be matched with science, end the Bri-
tish and lerencli saeants immediately
became very busy in their laboratories
Samples of the German gae were ana-
lyzed and gas masks were invented
with breathing passages impregnated
witb chemicals which naturalized the
poison gas.
THE PERFECTED MASK.
At first these Masks were merely ar-
rangements somewhat like the football
player's noseguard, which were AMP -
lied over the face. This type, however,
was leaky, and finally theer was de -
;eloped the complete hood, with gog-
sles set in, which coul dbe brought
iown to cover the head entirely, and
was tied around the neck.
The German reply was to chano the.
chemistry of the gas clouds, and the
Allies came back with chemicals in the
masks to neutralize it.
And to -day the German gas attack
has degenerated in its effectiveness
to a military annoyance. Through ac-
cident, carelessness and imperfect safe-
guards Men accidentally are gassed
here and there, just as they are shot
here and there, but the wholesale•ef-
fectiveness ot the poison clouds,
which never were pushed to the point
ot driving completely through the
Allied lines, has been in the main
nullified
Not only this, but, the deadlinees of
the malady which seizes those who
have been passed has been neutralized,
for the surgeons have developetiaix
attti-toxin whieh prevents the dreaded
gangrene, and to -day the troops who
take their places In the lime are vac.
ciliated against it,
As time goes on and the Gentians
find their supply systetu under ever-
increasing strain, the gas eti,eapOn la
likely to have a tetroactIve effect upon
them, With a nation laboring under
a tearifie load to feed, clothe -and arm
its fighters efficiently, the necessity of
supplying them with the protection
against gas attaas is going to add its
little straw to the burden. Had the
Germans not initiated this form of
fighting the Allies never would have
taken it up, and it may well be that
one of the deciding factors In the bat-
srAiRI
attiti.i
2 and 5 111. Cations -
10. 20.50 oral 1,00 lb. Otos
was a favorite name among the long -forgotten food products
of half a century ago, just as it is among the live ones
of to -day. Only . exceptional quality can, explain such
permanent popularity.
"Let Redpath Sweeten hi"
Made in one grade only file highest!
D°N'T you realize'
how inwortant it
is that you use only a
hygienic cleanser
particularly for your
cooking utensils? old
Dutch is hygienic —
pure and safe.
tles to come will be the' outgassing
well as the outguessing of the Ger-
Man%
LIQUID PIRE EFFECTIVE.
Of really more military effectieeness
is the liquid fire, also a' ,German de.
velopment, which has addee one more
item, to the list of ancient weapons
which thie war .has revived. Armor
has become commou. The ancient Ito -
mart short sword has its reincarnation
In the broad -bladed trench knife. Pre
cadent for the "tank" is found in the
history of Ireland before the days elf
Christionity. The Grenadiers of. the
British army to -day really hurl hand
grenades at the enemy. Trench mor-
tars, which have a startling resem-
blance to the Bret canon .used in the
late middle ages, are "lobbing" -their
bothlis froni one trench tdanother. And
the pages of history are filled with ac -
couple of -how the besieged hurled boll -
lig oil down oh the attacking parties
which attempted to scale the battle-
ments. • About the only 'device which
has not yet made its reappea.rente is
the bettering ram,
There is grim 'irony in the fact that
the apparatus by which the liquid fire
Is "administered" looks and is opetat'-
ed In much the .same mariner as a
chemical' fire, extinguisher. The in.
tank is parried strapped to the
soldier's back, and when the atteek
hasbeen pushed close enoughto the
enemy trenches the men detailedfor
this duty "turn on the juice," and from
the short hose there issues'under tre-
mendous pressure' a veritabla stream
of litiald fire, which- keeps on burn-
ing, ad sprays the top of the trerech,
consuming everything if touchers. '
.As' a 'result, attention to a certain
detail of ,trench constrnetiore has be-
come vitele . The eaont wall .ofethe
trench must be higher than the back.
When it is not, the fiery, raindrop,
ahooting over the • front wall With
great force, ,splash against—the rear
embankment and down intdthe trench.
'When, the reek embankment- is, low
the stream of fire shoots clear over,
and .the defenders ' haectut to,crouch
and tee it go over their heads. le
WIND IS A FACTOR.
In the use of liquid flies, as 'Well as
poison gas, the direction of the wind
Is - important, -for, -while the -liquid is
shot With great forces from the noz-
zles of the hoses, a force. that com-
pares with the stream- Which the 1 ire -
man turns on .a 'burning belializege ah
adverse wind would • drive:" back a
deadly spray of fireor4 the aperators
of the fire tanks andetheir infentry
supports. Anotherfactor which
works with the wind in the use of
liquid fire is the great volume ...„-eit•
choking smoke wlaich is eroducedet(hd
which acts more or less as a giebet
for confusion.of these whom eteepaele
opes.
The ,armies of to -day have become
groups' of specialists, and ,these spec-
ialists have changed the wbole char-
acter of warfare. Gpne are the
"serried ranks" or the past. Even.
the firing line Inas lest its alignment.
Men fight to -day in groups, with
apparently no order in the positions
they 'Wee up. A charge resembles
nothing so much as the rush of a
mob or a disorderly croevn eagerly
and rapidly exploring holes in pork -
marked ground, moving quickly front
one shell hole to -another,
But, despite the apparent disorder:,
there ,s the closest ca -operation
among' the varied units and individ-
uals. In fact, the fighting unit al-
most has become the individual. It
used to be the regiment. Then it be-
came the battalion and the company,
next the platoon, and, finally, through
the experience of this war, What 11,
has been In the United States army
for several years, the igtia.d. That is
one reason whyrthe American armee
°nee it became aeelimated to the fir-
ing liae and tho peculiar methods
which have developed in the European
operations, should make a name for
itself in efficiency. For years the
the American system has been to
place anore end more responsibility
on the corporal, or squad commander,
in battle, and American charatter,
indepeadenee education and intelli-
gence ill tend to make this system
work out with, the utmost effect.
INITIATIVE DECIDING FACTOR.
Individual initiative, is the most
valuable asset to be had on'the mo-
dern battlefield, wheia it has been
trained 'and guided toward co-opera-
tive effort, and It is this Wisot that the
Germans lack intere than anything else
in comparison with the English, the
Frena and the Anterleans,
It le this initiative whiclt consti-
tutes pure fighting ability in its high-
est degree, and despite all modern in-
veations, acienttfic methods and Ina-
terial terrors, Which the war has de-
veloped, it still remains the moist vital
factor in deciding engagements. It is
that quality which develops Mlirale iu
lee highest sense. It was morale
saved the British and the French ar.
Mies at the Opertieg of the war, when
theUgh well prepared, they were eolu-
putatively Unprepared In view of the
marvels of material perfection which
the Germans put forth, marvels
which they had been developing defin-
itely and with tentred effort for 40
Mrs. Never, from the time the Bret
glint Was fired, he,Ve the allied forces,
With the 0018 exeeptimi of the it -M-
eans at certain periods, lOat their att.,
petlority of morale over the Germans,
1Viorale it was that Wonderful 10 -
treat, and then turning on an snotty
superior in numbers drive hint back
on the l‘terne; and it will be superior-
itY of morale which will enable the
Americans, the English and the
rritneit to drill Ova Gerntans baek omm
the Rhine and beyond, This ZIOLIS not
Mean that it can be done without ma-
terial, for it cannot. But with things
as they stand to -day, it must be ad-
mitted that aside from a degree ot
artillery auperlority on the part of the
Allies the Germans are able in ma-
terial to 'match them move for move
as yet. Hence it Is ingrate which Is
the deciding factor.
FRIGHTFULNESS FAILS.
From the very start of the war the
Germens have deliberately and scieu-
tifically endeavored to shake the' mo-
rale of their opponents, but it would
seem that German science as-namlied
at least stops short of the PsYeholeale
cal realm. Atrocities have been com-
mitted in conquered territory in order
to 'overwhelm Allies with the sense
of the awfulness of war. Air raidon
London are admittedly for the purpose
of shaking the nerve of the British.
And yet, eyeiy method which they
have taken has served but to increase
that "go get 'em" spirit in the entente
nations. It was not until it was dri-
ven home on the German intellect that
America's merchant 'fleet had refused
t� be 'seared by a sporadic campaign
ot submarine atrocities that the sys-
tematic. campaign of ship elimination.
was undertaken.
In total, poison gas and liquid fire
have added another to the effective-
ness of the German 'arms. They heve
been met by the 011ies and the oppon-
eats stand comparatively where they
did before, with the exception that
every extra demand saddled on the
German supply eystern is bigger
drain proportionally than on the al-
lies,. far the • German resources are
more limited than those of the latter.
The introduction of gas and liquid
fire has added to the horror ot war,
but it has brought the Germans no
victory, and it will bring them none.
Ey/Ls OF ADENOIDS,
These Growths Are a Real Menace
. to the Health of a Child.
Not every child that le backward at
school, that breathes through his mouth,
has dull eyes, es, theft upper lip, promin-
ent upper teeth or has a drawn, tired
expression about the feee has adenoids,
says healtla bulletin. But this condition.
should lend a parent to suspect adenoid
growth, and it should not be dismissed
till a thorough examination has proved
that much is not the•ease.
Adenoids are a small, soft, reddish
growth which comes in the back part ot
throat where the nose and throat join. A
Child who has adenoids breathes with
biz mouth open, has frequent colds and
may have earache often or become deaf.
It is not infrequent that adenoids dull
the expression of the eye, destroy the
,resonance of the voice and distort a
blank, Motto stare, They hinder mental
development. For that reason "repeat-
er" at school are frequently said to be
afflicted with tidenoida.
The best time to .remove adenoids is
.when they aro first Tecogniza.ble to a.
physician, If they remain longer they
do harm. They cause a, child to have
"colds" often and make him more sus-
ceptible to diptheria, scarlet fever, meas-
les and whooping cough. Furthermore,
if he gets any of these diseases they
are likely to be severe with hint s.nd
leave him even worse afflicted.
Cold, freah air breathed through ths
nose Is needed to prevent adenoid gzetwth.
It Is needed also to prevent adetitilds re-
turning after an operation, Fresh air tab -
en in through the nose prevents as Well
as cures adenoids.
Death of a Pearl..
Pearls are almost the only precious
genie which are subject to decay, and
this happe4s very rarely. When dis-
ease attacks a pearl it turns color and
after a time crulnbles away. The most
valuable pearl ever known is supposed
to have become diseased. It belonged
to a Russian millionaire who kept it
carefully locked in a casket •and re-
fused to show it even to his most in-
timate friends. One day some jewel
experts- prevailed upon him to let
them see the precious gem. When he
opened the casket he was dismayed to
find the pearl had been attacked by
disease and Vas already changing
color. Soon afterward a heap of white
powder was all that was left of the
FIGHTING FOR HAPPMESS
When we get into a frame ot mind
that makes life seem one tiresome
duty after tialOthele With no pleasure
In it; when ill -health seems to take
all the joy out of life and you worry
over things that are really not worth
Worlering about, then your nervous eye-
tenl is becoming exhausted, and you
are on the way to a general break
down in health, In this conditioa your
health and happiness is worth fight-
invfor, and good, rich, red blood ete
what your system needs. It is 'ra
hopeless task, to try to 'restore your
health while your blood is defieieat
either in, quantity or quality. And
remember that no medicine can be of
o1 any use to you that dOes not build
hp your weak, watery blood.
To built up the blood and strengthen
the nerves there is one remedy that
has been a household word for more
than a generation—Dr, Williams' Pink
pttis for Pale People, It Is tho actual
Misaion of these pills to Make new,
etch, red blood, which strengthens the
nerves and Uinta the enttre system.
They give you a. now appetite, make
Meet) -refreshing, put color in the lips
and cheeks, and drive away that un.
natural, tired feeling that oppresses so
MitilY Debra. If you want, to expert-
enee new health and 11643131am give
Dr. Williama' Pink Pills a fair trial,
" You can get these pills through any
Medicine dealer or by Mail at 30 cents
a box or sit boxes?, for $2.50 from The
Dr, WilUams Medicino to., Breathe,
Ont,
HAD TO 1,-ILVE.
(Life)
Patient—WM live, doetor?
Htirkicoti--You mist; 'Xint have. three
morn otwrations corning!
NOT MISERLY,
(Boston Transcript)
''Ale you sure it was 411setily you saw?"
"Vositive. He Was Sle eleSe 1eellid
base touched him."
Mures not, MiserlY Is so rime that
cho,tY can toileh' him"
•
-(/.3QaUltTimOorFe ii.SiTeHrisr.
a11)
ur7e:sliTtlin14arnfoto„e41.1—yll' II alt a139B c
al'
"No, you can't, Mary Jane: TherP ain't
hone. Tue rnan 1 deal with keens 01'611"
thing in his store covered Up." •
ERROR IN DIAGNOSIS.
"1. hear your iter(vilsuctertic)
-In-law hits brain.
lever," said the curious man.
“tirainfeyer, did you say?" chuckled
it,171y.taftisli:rh-ainvilnagw.a.b"la'heke4peohoet.'"nut couldn't
have any such a sickness. Iltiaghla
THE L'S nseri.TnA.
wSK
"What do you think is the mold dm,
ficult thing for cebeginner to leern about
geier "To keep from tensing It all the
tnm.."
NOT ;(.}11;
(Louisville Courier -journal)
"Wouldn't it be a fine world 11 every.
hrdy was -content with his lot?".
::•lerhutgo about thee"
"It might put a crimp In my besinesee.e
the real estate agent Went on.
THOSE DEGENERATE DAYS.
(Louisville Courier -journal),
"In the olden times a gentleman used
to call upon a lady with much formality
and stately ceremony...
"Well?"
"Now he merely drives up and' honks
for her to eorne out."
' NOT ENCOURAGNG, BUT—
(Washington Star)"
"Arc, You economizing at your house?"
"No. We're. simply eating less foe the
some money." •
WBfraTeTriaRn.;
ch'ilgteh.,MITKyaNlotuiEmrosrvelte needs a, little
• `Oh, no, doctor, a little change would
never satisfy her needs. • You. don't
know that woman."
***
TIME'S CHANGES.
(Baltimore American)
"When I saw Smith last, he was crow-
ing over his new car."
"When I saw him last, he 'was growl,
Ing under it."
MIKE KNEW.
• (Lite)
Pat—The doctors say O'Bryan is et -
Meted with lemumatorial ttethritie
whatever that may be:
Mike—"Oh, that's Latin for 'Mrs.
Brien,' I imagine!
• A POSER.
(Detroit Free Press)
"Pa, were you rich when mamma mate
seed you?"
"No, my dear." •
"Well, papa, what was it then, do you
think, that mentioa married you for?'
IIP• •
WANTED NO PROOFS.
(Boston Transcript)
Pcnley—I've written il, new novel. Come
up to my apartment and I'll show you
the proofs. • -
5'iiend—Proaes? Why, Old chan, I
don't doubt your word in the least.
e - •
A NEW PERIL.
(Lite)
"John dear, I want one hundred and
twenty-five dollare to invest in stocks.
"Stock in what?"
"In the Mlle; Mari Millinery company.
They give the most adorable hat with
every che.re of stock."
NO PURSUIT. y
(Baltimore American)
"X am thinking of writing some fugn
tive poetry."
"Don't bother. Nobody will be running
after It."
TIME LIMIT.
(Boston Transcript)
"Do you -tell you', husband everything'?"
"No: he won't listen to me more than
three or four houra at a stretch."
COSTLY HAT.
(i'uck)
"Why 'eve, you putting that
Your hat?"
"I always put one In when I
So far this het bas cost me
mark In
check I.
ens.10."
HIS GARDEN.
(Louisville Courler-Journal)
"How Is your garden?"
"Doing pretty fair."
"Anything peeping out that you plane.
ed?"
"Yes, there was a jug handle the daY
the minister called."
4.
THOSE LOVING GIRLS.
- (Puck.)
Ethel—I didn't accept Harry the
first time he proposed,
ltidith—No, dear; you were not pres-
ent. q
RID OF IT.
(Detroit Free Press.)
"Well, at last I've got rid of that
awful book you ,said you wouldn't
have in the house."
"Did you burn It?"
"No, I loaned it to a. friend."
SHE' KNEW.
(Judge)
"What le the rod ot affliction?" asked
the Sunday SehOol teacher.
"(lateen rod," shouted the little girl
Whoee fether lias hey fever every August.
*ea,
MISTAKEN.
(Boston Transcript)
Allee--.Tacic couldn't support a Oat.
Edith—"Thates what 1 Said to MY
beotheee but he declared that Jack Often
epentle the whole night feeding the kitty,
Science jottings.
The total value of the radium tested
at the'United States Burnet Of Stand-
ards, in Washington, exceeds a mil-
lion dollars,
The Zulus like to sing, but their
singing and 11111Sie are unlike that of
any other tribe or nation.
Parrot e are sureesefully taught to
talk by !team of the phonograph.
Quails, pall of the food of the chn1.
ren of Israel when in the Wildernesn,
are still nuinarolis In Egypt; and Attr..
ing their yearly .migration descend le
swarms.
It in believed that the observatory
at Peking in the oldest in the WOW,
having been fended in 1270 by Mile.
lel Men, the' firet Eteperor of the
Mogul _dynasty.,
The gibbon is the rmatiest of the
The gorilla, Which 1 Orton
C feet hb.;•11, In the largest of the apes,