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PAGE 16. THE CITIZEN, THURSDAY, JULY 22, 2004.
Rainfall has many thinking about water
As great amounts of rain
continued to fall earlier this spring.
followed by sporadic torrential
downpours in early summer. many
were left wondering where would all
the water go?
Environment Canada reports that
2004 is the third wettest year in
Northern Ontario, and the 1 I th
wettest year in Southern Ontario
since 1948. The May 24 weekend
was one of the wettest with standing
water everywhere, ditches spilling
over their banks and flooded fields.
The problem was the fact that
there was a lot of water to deal with
and most of it had to be dealt with all
at once. Municipal drains, creeks,
and rivers became raging torrents as
they all tried to outlet at the same
time. Water began to back up and
flooding commenced in some areas.
All land that has been developed,
whether for industry, housing or
agriculture, requires drainage. There
is very little natural area left in
Southwest Ontario to store excess
CHARLES SAMUEL DAKIN
Charles Samuel Dakin of Blyth,
and formerly of Windsor and Sault
Ste. Marie passed away at Clinton
Public Hospital on Saturday, July
17, 2004.
He was the loving husband of
Verne (nee Scrimgeour) Dakin. He
was the father of Beverly Dakin
(Phil), Patricia Francis (Gord), and
Charlene Sardo (Mario). He will be
missed by,,his grandchildren and
great-grandchildren. Mr. Dakin is
survived by his brother Herbert and
volumes of rainwater and in doing so
the potential for flooding is
increased.
According to Environment
Canada. floods are not mysterious
happenings, but entirely natural.
They rarely strike without some
advance warning, and they usually
occur in places where we might
reasonably expect flooding — areas
known as floodplains.
A floodplain is the relatively flat
land beside a lake or river, naturally
liable to flooding if any overflow
occurs, most frequently but not
limited to spring runoff. It is part of
the water's living space, which it
uses periodically to stretch and
spread out.
However, the extent of flooding in
the floodplains will also change,
mainly from land use changes that
have occurred upstream of the
floodplain (i.e.middle and upper
reaches of the watershed). This can
cause significant problems for
people living downstream.
his sister Ruby.
He was predeceased by his
parents Charles and Martha Dakin.
A funeral service will be held at
the Blyth Visitation Centre of
Falconer Funeral Homes Ltd., 407
Queen St., Blyth on Friday, July 23
at 2 p.m. with visitation one hour
prior to the service. Interment will
be in Blyth Union Cemetery.
As an expression of sympathy,
memorial donations to the Heart and
Stroke Foundation would be
appreciated.
Wetlands have often been used to
assist with the impact of floods.
They have been recognized as
particularly useful areas because
they absorb the impact of hydrologic
events such as large waves or floods.
The traditional role of wetlands in
such situations is to act as a
"sponge", or storage tank, in which
excess water can be stored and then
slowly released.
The need for expensive engineered
structures is minimized when excess
water can be "stored" naturally in
the soil or lake or wetland basins.
Wetland vegetation also plays a role
in slowing down the flow of
floodwater. A recent study in the
USA estimated that 0.4 hectares of
wetland can store over 6,000 cubic
metres of floodwater.
By doing so, a series of wetlands
in a watershed can help to provide
water supplies during periods of
drought and control the effects of
flooding during times of peak water
flows.
"That is what is meant when you
hear that wetlands will soak up water
during floods. Residential and
industrial developments usually
have to incorporate some form of
storm water management now.
Farmers are also being encouraged
to outlet field tile into some sort of
settlement pond when feasible," says
Darrell Randell of Ducks Unlimited
Canada.
Wetlands and shallow surface
water, in particular, rely on the
fluctuation of water levels to
maintain their ecological balance
and productivity. If there are long-
term changes to the water levels,
then the existing vegetation and
habitat will change accordingly. The
direction of change can be from an
aquatic habitat toward a terrestrial
one, or vice versa. Economic
development along with an
increasing population has brought
pressure to alter the flow regime of
surface water systems and the
landscape of the floodplains.
Human efforts to constrict the
active zone of floodplains include
the construction of dams, dykes and
diversion channels, channel
dredging and realignment, and
drainage of wetlands. These
measures, although perhaps
beneficial in the interests of
economic development, have
resulted in the decline of fish and
wildlife habitats, and the disruption
of entire ecosystems. Wetlands have
been eliminated, shoreline erosion
has increased, and the sediment
filtration capabilities of the
floodplains lost.
Wetlands are a key link in the
chain of Canada's water systems.
Canadians need wetlands to provide
clean water, wildlife viewing
opportunities and other outdoor
recreation activities. Wetlands also
conserve soil- and control erosion,
store water to moderate the impacts
of flood and droughts, and help to
moderate climate change.
"Hopefully all the rainfall this
spring helped make us stand up and
take notice that we need to establish
a balance between the natural and
economic activity in southwestern
Ontario before we all end up
treading water."
For 65 years, Ducks Unlimited
Canada (www.ducks.ca) has been
working to conserve, manage and
restore wetlands and associated
habitats for North America's
waterfowl. These habitats in turn
benefit other wildlife and people.
Wetlands, nature's water filters, help
to remove pollutants from water
before it reaches the pipes that carry
it to people's homes.
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