The Citizen, 1996-03-20, Page 31On the job
Steve Whale is one of six full-time employees at the Underwood's Sunfield OilSeeds
processing plant located near Wingham.
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THE CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 20, 1996. PAGE A-7.
Agriculture 1996
Underwoods study options for soybean handling
Continued from A-5
Daniels, Midland (ADM) in Wind-
sor, processes about 2,000 tonne
per day. ADM's North American
Dper a tions process 70,000 tons.
There was also Victory Soya Mills
in Toronto, owned by Central Soy
and CVOP (Canadian Vegetable
Oil Processors) in Hamilton, owned
by Canada Packers.
Through the decade, John says,
soybean acreage grew from
300,000 provincially to approxi-
mately one million. "It has actually
usurped corn acreage in Ontario."
Then in 1991 Central Soya
closed Victory after purchasing
CVOP. They grouped all their
Canadian operations and were now
known as Canamera Foods. This
was a concern to the Underwoods
as they had already experienced
difficulty shipping to Toronto and
Hamilton crushers because north-
ern Huron is at the tail end of the
harvest, which meant long line-ups
and delhs. Windsor was a last
resort simply because of geogra-
phy, which meant higher freight
costs. "We began to wonder how
just having the two plants might
exacerbate the situation for us,"
says John.
Underwoods looked at options
that ranged from not handling soy-
beans at all to handling edible
beans, including white hilim and
the natto type. Then they heard
about a system, created by the Uni-
versity of Iowa for the processing
of an edible oil. "We toured the
plant and thought there was a place
for this type of technology in
Ontario."
According to John, there are
about seven major oil seeds grown
worldwide; soybeans are the
biggest and most widely used crop.
They have 20 per cent oil in their
natural state.
The extraction of oil from the
soybean has been done by two
main systems. There is a mechani-
cal screw press, which is the pro-
cess used at Sunfield and the
solvent extract systems which rely
on chemicals to dissolve the oil
away.
The former system was used
exclusively in the '40s and '50s,
says John, but screw presses get
down to six per cent residual oil
while solvents get down to one per
cent. Up until the mid 1960s the
only reason to process was to get
the oil as the meal had no value.
Because the solvent could take out
extra oil it became the preferred
choice and the mechanical system
sort of disappeared, said John.
Continued from A-6
based in a rural Huron village.
Present owner, George Hubbard
who purchased the plant from
Dougherty in 1963, was first
involved in the rutabaga industry as
a 16-year-old in Brighton. Today,
with help from his son, James,
Hubbard promotes the industry
establishing a commercial market
through food terminals, which then
What has made this system
viable once again is the changing
nutritional requirements of live-
stock with higher performance
genetics. "Pigs and poultry need
energy dense diet to support the
genetics so farmers have started
supplementing their diets with fat.
There was a demand driven
requirement for a ration with ener-
gy. Soybean meal was now much
more attractive for a feed manufac-
turer."
The other change John says, was
the processing update using the
screw press. "It lends a greater effi-
ciency to processing. The old sys-
tem put through about eight to 10
tons a days. By combining extru-
sion and screw pressing 20-25 tons
per day per line can be achieved.
This is significantly energy and
labour saving."
The first step in the processing of
the beans is the removal of the
hulls. The beans are then dried and
put through the extruder which
takes ground up beans, heats and
compresses them, then forces them
out a small orifice. At this point
they are in a semi-fluid stage,
resembling porridge.
The beans are then put through a
screw press which is a heavy duty
auger, surrounded by a perforated
cage. The rotating action of the
shaft forces the oil out the slats.
The oil is then filtered and the meal
ground before shipping.
"Probably 90 per cent of the meal
stays within 50 km of here and 80
per cent of the beans comes from
the same geographic radius," says
John.
The oil moves into the edible
trade where it's processed into com-
mercial shortening used by the
restaurant and bakery trade.
Most crushers produce a 48 per
cent protein meal, though Under-
woods is 46 per cent protein and
six per cent fat. The majority flows
into monogastric markets for pigs
and poultry.
Oil is shipped from the plant
every other day. Sunfield is a
kosher certified plant meaning the
oil produced is suitable for manu-
facturing into products acceptable
to the Jewish communities.
"Another interesting aspect is
how technology is going to change
the face of agricultural over the
next few years. While major crush-
ers do an excellent job of producing
a quality product in large amounts,
they want to keep it very homoge-
nous. "
"Research on the other hand is
offering more qptions on what
channel the product into the large
stores.
Hubbard's presently grows
rutabagas on 300 acres of land,
located within five miles of Blyth.
They are the only rutabaga process-
ing plant in north Huron; there are
several plants in Exeter. Hubbard's
employs eight full-time workers
and in a bumper year ships 250,000
bushels to markets in the U.S. and
Toronto, says James.
farmers can produce. Research is
being done on growing crops for
the energy trade and pharmaceuti-
cal products. There is a real diver-
gence there which creates an
opportunity for places like this to
take advantage."
John says there is also a lot of
focus on changing fatty acids, so
they are modifying the percentages
to give unique characteristics such
as improving internal processing
efficiencies to create healthier oils,
or increasing stearic acid for a dif-
ferent end result.
"(Farmers) are no longer just pro-
ducing beans, but beans that will
have a target market," he says,
adding that this type of research is
also happening in other crop prod-
ucts such as corn and canola.
"We went through an industrial
revolution in my father's day from
horses to tractors and automated
production. Then there was the
chemical revolution and now I see
a biotechnical stage. Some may
argue that we are getting ahead of
our time, but the other side is that
we are just speeding up Mother
Nature's process."
There is an advantage to smaller
processors, John says, in that it's
easier to do a small run for one
company. "Large processors can't
justify that. If they can't do a large
number of bushels it's too insignifi-
cant."
Some of the new products of
research are likely to be more inter-
esting to small plants than major
crushers because of run sizes, John
says. "It may be difficult for a
major processor to do a clean out of
its process line for a product that
takes one and a half days to pro-
cess. That same volume would rep-
resent a good chunk of our
production."
Underwoods are also working
with a U.S. company to identify
and extract enzymes from soyhulls.
These enzymes may find uses in
industrial processing and edible
markets, says John. '
"What's probably most signifi-
cant about our business is not huge
profits, but the concept of what
we're doing. You can take new
technology on a community based
scale. Many small plants with five
to 20 employees have the same
impact as a single large employer.
Technology as a whole has a lot of
opportunity for small communi-
ties."
"Technology has offered a
tremendous number of opportuni-
ties. What we're doing is applicable
to hundreds of other things. Per-
haps, one person can take what
we're producing and see an oppor-
tunity for something else."
Hubbards carry on tradition