The Citizen, 1995-03-22, Page 25Custom Grass
Seeding by ATV
Equipped with foam
marker
frost seeding &
hay mixtures
JOHN HOONAARD
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CONSULTING
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Accounting & Computer Solutions
RALPH H. WATSON
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slitrussels, Ont. NOG 1H0
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RES: (519) 887-6236
THE CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, 1994. PAGE AS.
+ + + + + + + •+ + + + + + A G RI C UL T LI RE' 195
Weeds developing resistance to herbicides
By Janice Becker
The technology of agricultural
plant breeding has made great
strides over the last several
decades, bringing with it improved
herbicides and pesticides to deal
with the influx of new strains of
growth limiters, and crops able to
attain higher yield levels.
However, the 90s has brought
new problems for those in the cash
crop industry. The hybrid plants
designed to produce ever greater
yields are being defeated by the
adaptation of nature.
After years as the standard in
weed control, Atrazine has been
over-used, resulting in a resistance
being developed by the plants.
Forced to look at new chemicals
and combinations to control weeds,
Bird business
fun to be
around
Continued from A4
Lion at this point, the business
seems to be giving farmers a sense
of freedom and enjoyment in what
they do. "If things keep going with
the pork industry the way they are I
may look at getting into this busi-
ness in a bigger way," says Mr.
Badley.
About her job Linda says, "It's a
lot of fun to be around."
the chemical industry has been pro-
ducing new families of herbicides:
Group 2, which includes the com-
monly used Pursuit and the highly
touted Ultim, as well as Group 1
products such as Acclaim and
Assure.
"Researchers are finding that
weeds arc developing resistance to
even the new products within two
to four years," says Crop Consul-
tant Wayne Wheeler of Blyth.
The problem is caused when
farmers use the same herbicides, or
one from the same family, for sev-
eral years in a row, he says.
Each family of herbicides works
on the weed in a specific way, so if
the same type is used, a plant which
is already resistant to that form of
treatment will not be affected, per-
mitting it to reproduce and spread.
Group 1 herbicides arc postemer-
gent grass herbicides which inhibit
ACCase, the enzyme in fatty acid
production, whereas Group 2
chemicals inhibit AHAS/ALS, the
enzyme responsible for amino acid
production.
In an effort to truly control the
spread of weeds and prevent resis-
tance being developed on a proper-
ty, the farmer should rotate the type
of herbicide used, says Mr. Wheel-
er.
Another result of work being
done to produce a chemical which
will effectively control weeds is the
increase in the strength of the prod-
ucts.
The "heat" of the chemicals
requires very careful handling and
strict adherence to the directions
for air temperature at the time of
spraying, crop height and even soil
texture and its ability to absorb the
chemical.
Many problems with this narrow
range of application standards had
to be dealt with when farmers
applied the new product Ultim, last
season.
The dry, hot conditions during
June resulted in portions of crops
being burned.
"There are actions which can be
taken by the farmer to help reduce
the spread of resistant weeds," says
Mr. Wheeler.
"Both tilling and harvesting
equipment should be cleaned
between fields and chemicals with
different modes of action should be
rotated and different chemical
groups should be used on different
crops."
HERBICIDE GROUPINGS FOR ONTARIO
METHOD OF CONTROL FAMILY OF HERBICIDES
GROUP 1
postemergence grass herbicides
(graminicides). Inhibit ACCase', the
enzyme in fatty acid production.
All contain an aryloxyphenoxypropionate
or cyclohexanedione.
ACCLAIM, ASSURE, EXCEL SUPER,
FUSILADE II, HOE-GRASS 284, POAST,
SELECT, VENTURE
GROUP 2
Inhibit AHAS/ALS* an enzyme
responsible for amino acid synthesis.
All contain sulonyliirea or imidazolinone.
ELIM EP, MUSTER, PINNACLE,
PURSUIT, REFINE EXTRA, ULTIM,
TELAR
GROUP 5
Inhibit photosynthesis (Photosysteml).
Triazines move in the plant.
(Systemic; xylem mobile)
All contain a triazine.
AATREX, AATREX NINE-0, ATRAZINE,
BLADEX, BLA.GAL, LADDOK, LEXONE,
MARKSMAN, PRIMEXTRA LIGHT,
PRINCEP NINE-T, PRONONE,
SENCOR, SIMADEX, SIMAZINE,
SUTAZINE+, VELPAR
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