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The Wingham Advance-Times, 1967-04-13, Page 21—MUGS —PLATES —ASH TRAYS *CENTENNIAL ITEMS It PHONE 357-3631 WINGHAM, ONT. ALEXANDER'S HARDWARE ATTENTION *BULK GARDEN SEEDS *10% OFF KEM GLO and MARTIN SENOUR. PAINTS *FLOOR SANDER RENTALS *COMPLETE STOCK OF FLOOR FINISHES COMPLETE LINE OF FARM HARDWARE' cCWREtnRs ivoll PONTIAC Parisienne Convertible V-8 Automatic, Power Brakes and Steering, Windshield Wipers, Wheel Discs 1962 ACADIAN Convertible 1964 OLSMOBILE Super 88 Four Door Hardtop, power equipped, locally owned TWO 1964 PONTIAC Sedans Both six cylinders, and Standard Transmission 1964 CHEVELLE Malibu 1963 CHEVROLET BelAir Six cylinder Automatic, Windshield Washers, Wheel Discs 1963 CHEVROLET Biscayne Sedan SIX Cylinder Standard 1963 CHEVY II Sed an Six Cylinder, Standard, economical 1963 PONTIAC Stationwagon V8,- Standard Transmission 1962 PONTIAC Laurentian V8 Automatic, Wheel 1962 PONTIAC Laurentian Six Cylinder, Automatic Radio 1961 PONTIAC Parisienne Four Door Hardtop, Automatic, Radio, Windshield Washers, Wheel Discs Automatic, Wheel Discs Radio, Discs Ditcs IN STOCK: A complete selection of Chevrolets - Chevelles Chevy Its Corvairs - Cameros --- Plus Oldsmobiles and Olds F-85s McClure' MOTORS PHONE- 351-3160 WINGHAM 11.1.9., Fewer farms in future make planning necessary W00;14 Advance T1mes, Tbunday, April 1$., 1967 Page IT WAS BACKBREAKING work, "back then." In fact this method of cutting trees not only came out of the past, it stayed with us until the chain saw became popular after the Second World War. This photograph was taken by the fate R. R. Sellows of Goderich. Ont.—Reproduction by the Ontario Oepartment of Agriculture and. Food, GROW THE United Hybrid Corn Trio UH 108 SINGLE CROSS - • • ▪ 80 Days UH 3H11 3 WAY CROSS - • 85 Days UH 7 4 WAY CROSS 85 Days Maximum Yield Minimum Risk Programmed Harvest Proper Maturity Wellington Brand Grass Seed Pasture Mixtures "The Choke of Better Farmers" PRITCHARD SEEDS LIMITED Harriston Ontario AND YOUR LOCAL WELLINGTON BRAND DEALERS J. BUMSTEAD A Sort—Winaham SILLICK HDWIL-6Teisweter TOPNOTCH FEEDS-410Ossels GUS DIEvEREAuX—st. Augustine ID. wEiLER—Formosa D. R. FINLAYSON-=-Lucknow HAROLD SHEWFELT—Itincircline R. N. CARSON a SON---Gorrie BURNS MOFFAT--BlUevele CHAMBERS Hi3WE..,-WOOXeter LOHR HDWE.,..-Ferdifkh ViiiitEYLLUCkiterei TOPNOTCH FEEDS—Wroxeter MEYER lowt.--teitioaNt The suggestion that ;Ow 0104 was:a disease. which a Sick person gave to a well per, Son was made in ancient Rome by )(arm, a physician of the time, kle advanced the idea that there might be organisms. too small to be seen which sOmehow could travel from per- son to. person. More than 19. centuries passed before a CPT" Man physician, itobert Koch, proved him right, WHY NOT PLANT A CROP THAT HAS THE HIGHEST RE, TURNS PER ACRE? Earn extra money this summer GROW CUCUMBERS FOR ROSE BRAND PICKLES We have Hybrid seed, *Free pick-up at farm, • Top prices, • No investment required. Due to ever increasing sales we require more growers and have increased our prices above last year's contract. For information write to: Matthews - Wells Company Limited GUELPH, ONTARIO 30-6-13c The spread of Dutch Elm disease in Qrttario is causing in' creasing concern among forest- ers and the general pUblic. Cording to the most recent figures, elm ranks fifth among Canadian hardwoods in value of production. In addition it is used extensively in street orna- mental planting and along our county and township roads, The species is rapidly being deplet, ed by the ravages of Dutch Elm. disease, The complete re- moval of one large diseased tree may well run into hundreds of dollars, Public Utilities and road authorities are hard press- ed to keep up with the removal of these dead and diseased trees and the utmost co-operation is necessary between the agency concerned with their removal and the adjacent property own- ors. There is no known cure once a tree has been infected by Dutch Elm disease, Systemic insecticides have been introduc- ed in the past few years, but after several tests in the field these to have proven to be un- satisfactory, 'Herne remedies such as driving in dozens of gal,. vanized nails in the trunk of the tree only make it more difficult to remove the tree when it dies, and definitely do not help in any way as a preventative measure or cure, Dutch Elm disease (cerato- cystisulmi) has swept relative- ly unchecked throughout Europe and over half the United States and Southern sections of Can- ada for more than 40 years. Al- though it was first discovered in Holland in 1919 it probably or- iginated in Asia and made its way into Europe during World War I and since then the disease has been responsible for the death of '10 to 80 percent of the elms. SYMPTOMS The external symptoms of the disease are a rapid wilting of the leaves on one or more limbs in the upper crown and a discoloration of the leaves on the affected branches to yellow or brown, These leaves usually become dry and drop premature,. ly. Sometimes the tips of dis- eased branches assume a down- ward hook or curve which has been called "Shepherd's Crook% The first symptoms of the dis- ease usually appear about mid- lune and are most evident dur- ing July and August. Small trees may die the same season that infection occurs, but large ones may survive for a few years after infection. TreeS surviving beyond the first year may put out numerous trunk suckers. The internal symptom is a discoloration of the sap wood. A cross section of a branch shows a more or less continuous brown ring in the outer sap wood in longitudinal sections; this discolouration appears as long discontinuous streaks. The symptoms of the disease both external and internal, are so similar to those of two na- tive diseases of elm that iden- tification in the field is not pos- sible with certainty. D.D.T. MOST EFFECTIVE D.D.T. has remained the favourite and most effective chemical in combatting the elm bark beetle which is responsible for spreading the disease. D.D. T, is an odorless chlorinated hydrocarbon that is exceptional- ly stable and evaporates very slowly; if it is applied as an emulsion rather than a wettable powder - suspension it is not readily washed off by rain. D.D.T. is still effective three or four months after it is applied, but D.D.T. sprays have a seriously adverse effect on birds, particularly robins. Methoxychlor -- chemically a very close relative of D.D. T., is now used in places as an ef- fective safe substitute for D.D. T. It is considerably less toxic to robins but can only be ap- plied as a dormant spray and is two to four times as expensive as D.D. T. •.A miticide should be botribine'd'with these Sprays to prevent mite infestation which seems to be encouraged by D.D.T. It must be stressed again that once a tree has been infected, there is no effective chemical control. Many control meas- ures for the fungus that cause the disease, including the use of systemic insecticides and antibiotics, have been reported but none of these claims have been substantiated. However, a barrier-spray is extremely ef- fective against the insect vector and if properly applied will considerably reduce the inci- dence of infection. SPRAY MATERIAL D.D.T. 33.4% zylene ace- tone emulsifier, 6.5 gallons, miticide 50% ester benzene sul- ponic acid 1.5 pints, water 100 gallons. The material is appli- ed as a dormant spray during early spring, up to the first week in May. It must be ap- plied at sufficient pressure to completely cover the bark of the trunk from the ground line, as well as all the limbs and twigs. The tips of the twigs must be completely covered as this is the feeding area of the European Elm Bark Beetle. This is a highly specialized spray program and under no cir- cumstances should it be at- tempted by the inexperienced, Arborist or tree care specialists- should be consulted, BREEDING AREAS The elm bark beetles breed in and under the bark of dying and recently dead elm trees. Wood dead longer than two years and wood with the barkre- moved are not considered suit- able breeding places. The na tive elm bark beetle completes one or more generations in a year and passes the winter eith- er as a larva or as an adult. The adult that emerges in the fall enter the trunk and larger branches of healthy elm trees to survive over winter, frequently boring through the bark to the surface of the sap-wood. The over-wintering adults emerge during May to deposit their eggs while the adults from over- wintering larvae appear during June and early July. The smaller European elm bark beetles pass the winter mainly in the larval stage with the adults beginning to appear in early June. They complete one or more generations per year, depending on the cli- mate. The adults feed on the bark of small twigs of healthy elm trees, mainly in the crot- ches. It is during this time, if they have emerged from the bark of Dutch Elm diseased trees or wood, that they may introduce the fungus spores from their bodies into healthy trees. The beetles do not feed on the leaves and only to a limited ex- tent, on the current year's twig growth. Spores may also be carried into trees when the beetles en- ter the bark of unhealthy or weak branches to lay their eggs. The elm bark beetles pick up the spores only when they bore into the bark, not during feed- ing. The disease may be kept somewhat in check by strict sanitation (that is, by removing and burning diseased or weak trees; but this is not practical unless a comprehensive sanita- tion program is carried out). This would include the removal and disposal of all diseased elm trees in bush lots and fence rows, not just the, more obvious ones along the road side; also the removal of dead wood in living elms. In rural-urban and suburban areas where there is enough available space to accommo- date the tall graceful American elm, they should be planted despite their threatened extinc- tion. The day may not be too far in the future when an effec- tive control is found for the Dutch Elm disease. In any tree planting pro-, gram one should guard against the ravages of specific tree dis- eases, such as Dutch Elm dis- ease and Sweet Chestnut blight by designating that not more than fifteen percent of one species or variety of tree be planted in each community. In response to the large de- mand, farmers will be able to learn animal nutrition from the Ontario Agricultural College through a correspondence course. The course, which starts in May, costs $40. Feed accounts for 55 to '70 percent of the cost of producing livestock and livestock products ► Ross Dundas, Ont. Hy#!?:f(?!".!ry:p.ir Dutch Elm disease ravages Southern Ontario • Custom Backhoe Service • Custom Loader Service • Excavating • Ditching A Loading and Hauling Stone Burying Lloyd W. Walker Phone 357-1359 - R. R. 1, WINGHAM T. H. FRANCE Economics Division W O. A. S. Ridgetown Ontario could be short of farmers by 1980 unless more young men are encouraged to enter the industry. Many young men are choosing city wages and work hours over the task of setting up a sound farm business, The modern Canadian farm- er is almost too efficient for his own good. A bushel of corn can be produced today with on- ly 2-1- man minutes of time, In the early days more than 3-1 man hours would have been re- quired to do the same job. This increased efficiency is the re- sult of heavy capital invest- ments in agriculture. An efficient farm needs large amounts of money to keep it going. The farm of tomor- row may well have an invest- ment of $100, 000 to $250,000 and yearly expenses of more than $20,000. 'Century farm' signs indicat- ing that a farm has been in the same family for over one hund- red years are to be found throughout the province. This tradition may be coming to an end. Each year more than one thousand Ontario farmers leave farming for city jobs or retire- ment. The average age of On- tario farmers has now risen to above 45 years, The number of farmers in Ontario could be reduced furth- er as the older men qualify for the Canada Pension. A young man wishing to farm will have the best chance of succeeding if he gets help from his family. The transfer of a farm from one generation to another requires detailed plan- ning and much time. It is not usually feasible to transfer a farm from father to son all at once. Mistakes in the transfer of a farm can quickly lead to its destruction as a productive unit. The Ontario Department of Agriculture and Food has sev- eral sources of information on the problems of farm transfer. Publications 56, Planning Fa- ther-Son Agreements, 58, Farm Income Sharing Arrangements. and 533, Incorporation ofFam- ily Farm Businesses in Ontario, are available from the local Agricultural Representatives' of- fices. Young farmers are urgently needed to carry on Ontario'sef- ficient agricultural industry. Only long-term planning on the farm can keep these young men from looking for well-paid city jobs. Farm Credit Corporation LOANS to FARMERS FIRST MORTGAGE On Farm Property $40,000 or 75% of appraised value. PACKAGE DEAL Loans up to $55,000.00. LISTOWEL OFFICE — GORDON GRIEG, Post Office Building, Listowel. WALKERTON OFFICE JIM LESLIE, Post Office Building, Walkerton.