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50 THE RURAL VOICE
116
NEWS
SURVEY DETAILS
FARM PRACTICES
Extensive interviews conducted last
fall with Southwestern Ontario farmers
by researchers with the Soil and Water
Environmental Enhancement Program
(SWEEP) have produced a number of
conclusions.
1. Phosphorus -based fertilizers
were applied "based on experience" by
48 per cent of farmers surveyed.
Twenty-eight per cent of the applica-
tions were made on the basis of a soil test
the previous year. Twenty-four per cent
of the fields in the study did not receive
phosphorus applications.
2. When plowing and planting,
farmers exercise "little consideration"
for the slope of their fields. But 20 per
cent have changed tillage practices in
the past five years. Of those, 30 per cent
changed to reduce erosion.
3. Only eight per cent of surveyed
farmers said they employed reforesta-
tion, making this method of controlling
erosion the least used.
4. Contrary to accepted belief, only
one per cent of farm fields had no crop
rotation at all. When involving a row
crop, cereal, and forage, rotation was
used on 40 per cent of the surveyed
fields.
5. When crop rotation had been
practised within the past five years,
"reduction of erosion" was cited as the
primary reason in 15 per cent of the
responses.
6. A significant portion (18 per cent)
of the fields were shallow -tilled. Shal-
low tillage helps reduce erosion by re-
taining plant matter on the surface of the
field.
7. Sources of information on soil
erosion or conservation were farm pub-
lications (81 per cent), radio and televi-
sion (65 per cent), OMAF News (61 per
cent), meetings (41 per cent), books and
journals (34 per cent), and research in-
stitutes or universities (22 per cent).
SWEEP is a five-year federal and
provincial initiative aimed at reducing
phosphorus pollution in the Lake Erie
basin — caused by crop land runoff —
by improving erosion -control practices
on farms in Southwestern Ontario.
Farming causes 45 to 55 per cern of
phosphorus loading in the Great Lakes .0