The Rural Voice, 1987-09, Page 46R. J. STEEL
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44 THE RURAL VOICE
NEWS
SOVIET FAMILY FARM
NOW MORE COMMON
Family farming — Soviet style —
is gaining ground in the USSR. A
rural family may sign a contract with a
collective or state farm management to
run a small dairy operation or grow
corn. Incomes are geared to the quan-
tity and quality produced.
Practically all field and farm
workers in the Soviet Union are paid
according to work done or days
worked. For superior work they get
bonuses, which are not always high
enough to be a good incentive.
Under a piecework contract, a team
may agree to grow grain or cotton in a
given field. For this work the team
gets a monthly advance payment and a
final payment at the year's end, de-
pending on the harvest. The field is
assigned to the team for several years
and all land improvement and bigger
harvests immediately show up in extra
wages.
A contract team made up of close
relatives constitutes a family team.
Experts say that in a family team
matters of discipline and wage -sharing
are settled automatically. Family
teams are also more closely knit and
independent and their production
results are better.
The family team that signs a
contract to run a small dairy operation
or grow wheat is often called a
Western-style family farm. This de-
scription is inaccurate, says Soviet
farm economist Gely Shmelev, be-
cause the land, buildings, machines,
implements, and all other means of
production used by the family team
remain public property. In addition,
the family's contract entails annual
paid leaves and sickness benefits and is
pensionable.
Many economists who take issue
with the proponents of the family
team contract say it may bring about
family "self -exploitation." But the
family contract is optional, and most
experts say the family team will not
replace other forms of work organ-
ization in Soviet farming. But it can
be a good source of additional produce
— and of additional income for many
rural families.0
Novosti Press Agency