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The Rural Voice, 1993-12, Page 521 tbsp (15 ml) chopped pimento 1/3 cup (75 ml) toasted slivered almonds Prepare turkcy roast according to package directions. In saucepan, combine chicken broth and water; bring to boiling. Stir in rice and saffron. Cover and simmer about 25 minutes or until water is absorbed. Remove from heat. Sur in snipped parsley, chopped pimento and almonds. Serve with hot sliced turkey roast. HERB STUFFING 8 slices brcad 1 cup (250 ml) chopped onion 1/4 cup (50 ml) butter or margarine 1/2 cup (125 ml) chopped celery leaves 1/2 tsp (2 ml) dricd basil, crushed 1/2 tsp (2 ml) dried thyme, crushed 1/2 tsp (2 ml) dried savory, crushed Place bread on cooling racks. Let dry overnight; pull apart into small pieces, about 4 cups. In medium skillet, cook onion in butter until tender but not brown. Stir in bread crumbs, celery leaves, basil, thyme, savory, 1/2 tsp (2 ml) salt, dash pepper and 3 to 4 tbsp (50 to 65 ml) hot water. MUSHROOM STUFFING 12 oz sliced and cubed white bread, toasted 1 tbsp (15 ml) butter 2 medium onions, chopped 1 Ib (500 g) fresh mushrooms, sliced 2 cups (500 ml) thinly sliced celery 1/2 cup (125 ml) chopped parsley 1 tsp (5 ml) ground sage 3/4 tsp (3 ml) salt Optional: 1/4 tsp (1 ml) marjoram and 1/4 tsp (1 ml) savory. Melt butter in saucepan (large) add onions and mushrooms and saute over medium heat about 12-15 minutes until most of liquid has seeped out of the mushrooms and evaporated, stir frequently. Remove from heat, sur in celery and parsley. Then sur in toasted bread cubes and sprinkle with seasonings. Mix thoroughly.0 48 THE RURAL VOICE Water Matters Livestock watering devices Society's environmental concern over water quality has created a demand to protect our natural resources. Livestock farmers with streams or rivers within their property boundaries are under increasing pressure to reduce pollution to those water sources by changing their livestock manage- ment practices. A long time custom of livestock farmers, which is still quite common, is allowing herds access to waterways while on pasture. After years of study, evidence has shown this tradition to have several drawbacks. One such adverse effect is the negative impact on water quality not only at the site but downstream as well. The first step towards water quality improvement is to totally restrict live- stock from waterc- ourses through fencing. If the watercourse is the only available supply of water, alternate water must be provided. The three main types of watering systems are: • mechanically driven pumps • electrically driven pumps • gravity systems Mechanically driven pumps include hydraulic rams, wind mills, and nose and instream water pumps. The nose pump is activated by livestock pressing on a diaphragm pump with their nose to fill a water bowl. These are used for smaller herds (less than 20) and are excellent for seasonal usage. The instream water pump is driven by the flow of water in the nearby stream or river. This type of pump needs a constant flow of water and is capable of the same lift as a nose pump — 25 feet. Hydraulic rams provide energy produced by water falling. This pump also requires a dependable flow and volume of water in order to operate consistently. The lift for a ram is five times the height of the falling water. With wind mills, water is pumped from a shallow well or from a surface water source. Only light winds are necessary to gain mechanical energy. Electrically driven pumps will operate on two types of power supply: a 12 and 24 volt DC supply or a 120 volt AC service. In areas devoid of hy- dro, a 12 volt DC mar- ine battery and charg- ing system is neces- sary. Submersible or suction pumps are typically used in an alternate water system. Submersible pumps have a lift of 25 feet from the water source whereas the suction pump can lift 20 feet from the source and pump it over 100 feet. Solar panels, hydro and wind generators are available op- tions for obtaining an effective, con- tinuous charge of a 12 volt battery. Gravity systems, also known as spring boxes, generate power through the use of gravity. Water is collected through a collected tile from a reliable source such as a spring or stream. The water is directed from a higher elevation to a lower elevation and into a watering tank. Clearly, some of the systems discussed will require a water storage reservoir when the system is not generating. For more information on this topic or possible CURB Program grants for this type of project, contact your local Conservation Authority.0 There atte rn a atives to watering stock stre ams This is another in a series of articles by Janette Smiderle of the Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority, highlighting information on water quality in the rural environment.