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The Rural Voice, 2002-04, Page 24HILL & HILL FARMS LTD. For Your 2002 Soybean Planting Needs • White Hilum • OAC Exeter • Commercial • Fleming • Specialty Contract Soybeans • Jasper • Prospect • Topaz • Histick & Soybean Innoculant Q[.o- coli about illoundup, J?eadq Soybean/, and t.lie/.e available coin Pufr d, Awn Sijngenta Seed/3,: 07.31 TM N27 -M3 N3030Bt MAX 23 N44 -P4 N45 -T5 - 27751-1.U. - 2850 HU. - 2975 H.U. - 3000 H.U. - 3075 H.U. Call Kristen or Pete for further details 519-233-3218 BARN DEMOLITION (FREE) johnny2thumbs salvage 1 905 921 7755 Remember: Quality Is Not Expensive, It's Priceless! 20 THE RURAL VOICE structures says professor Bert VandenBygaart. For example, certain tillage systems might be used to alter moisture retention properties or combat soil compaction. Tillage creates large pores in the soils too - at least for a period of time. But as time passes and the soil settles, these larger pores will begin to disappear and smaller pores will be created until the tillage process is repeated. Yet, as tillage is reduced the earthworms can come back, generally increasing by up to 30-50 per cent or more in population under conservation or no -till according to Agriculture Canada. Under these conditions, earthworm burrows and cavities left by decaying roots create large and more extensive pores that are much more stable and long- lasting. Since tillage was reduced the smaller pores can also increase — creating a healthy mix of both smaller and larger pores, and one that could potentially hold more water under dry conditions and allow faster absorption under wet conditions. Of course, increased absorption may lead to reduced erosion and Tess pesticide and nutrient run-off. As any farmer will tell, tillage is just one component of soil management. Other agricultural practices ranging from the choice of cropping systems and rotations, to the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and even manure applications each play a major role. However, each of these may have a profound impact on the biodiversity in our soils. Earthworms are very susceptible to insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and will die if exposed to high concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer. Although manure is an excellent fertilizer, too much of this high -nitrogen organic matter will hinder both plant growth and earthworm activity. After all, it is the biodiversity that may have the biggest impact on the nutrient levels in our soils, its structure, its health — and the long-term sustainability of that soil. I've often felt that "soil engineer" would be a suitable title for farmers. The earthworm after all has been called an ecosystem engineer — perhaps we can improve our "engineering" by looking to the earthworm to better understand the soil ecosystem.0