HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance-Times, 1962-11-22, Page 15eking of Crystalware Is Interesting Industry
rt of making and work,-
Is
ork-Is one of the few r Tod-
tides that has a history da-
ack to very ancient times,
dest examples of glass
ogles from Egyptian tombs,
of which are small oint-
Jars and glass beads work,
o amulets and the like.
pt the cradle of one of
ost astonishing civiliza-
o the world, made glass-
B a real art. They not
ew how to make clear
t also created a rich as -
t of coloured glass,
knew, too, how to blow
re are many different
f glass, each kind made
pecial purpose. Natural-
kind of glassware best
is the glass for making
re, ornamental and utili-
tarian pieces, ,mostly used to
the home. This kind of glass is
of different qualities, because
every manufacturer uses ingred-.
Tents of a different nature and
in different proportions. In a
general way the glass produced
is in three distinctive qualities,
"Lime" glass, which is or-
dinary glass of which the cheap-
est quality is mainly composed
of silica sand, lime and soda
ash.
"Half -Crystal", is a better
quality of glass, containing
practically the same ingredi-
ents as lime glass but to which
has been added a small percent-
age of lead oxide, which gives
the glass some resonance.
"Crystal" is composed of the
highest grade of silica sand,
lead oxide and potassium oxide.
The lead oxide is about one -
ow you ma
orrow with
onfidence...
in
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es
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36
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20
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60.88
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Ir; Monday to Thursday 10:00 to 6:00, Friday 10:00-8:00
third of the composition anti
gives elatity and remarkable
resonance. The potassium ox-
ide also helps to clarify and
facilitates the fusion of the sil-
ica sand.
It is the use of both lead ox-
ide and potassium oxide when
fused with silica sand of the
highest quality that produces a
glass which has the clarity, of
the natural rock crystal which
can only be mined from the
earth. Hence the name "Cry-
stal" .
The composition of the dif-
ferent ingredients for glass mak-
ing is called a "batch". Glass
is then obtained by melting the
"batch", usually at about 2600
degrees F. , until a certain
point of viscosity is attained,
that will be proper for the mantr
facturing of the different artic-
les wanted. The melting is
done in pots or tanks. Most of
the "batches" not needed to be
of the highest grade are gener-
ally melted in open pots or
tanks. In producing "Full Lead
Crystal" however, coveredpots
are used to avoid the reducing
action of the f innate gases up-
on the lead ox.de that is in the
"batch". The pots are in a
furnace•generally the shape of
a bee -hive, constructed of sil-
ica bricks and holding from six
to sixteen pots.
The melting period is gener-
ally completed when there are
no more bubbles (which are
formed by the gases created by
the fusion of the different in-
gredients) bursting on top of the
molten mass in the pot. The
molten glass is then allowed to
settle or rest to a lower temp-
erature until it reaches the pro-
per consistency and clarity for
manufacturing.
To go into the details of the
making of many articles would
be too lengthy. Consequently
we will describe the making of
a blown goblet, with a stuck
stem.
If only one crew is working
from .one pot it will require five,
men, consisting of three skilled
workers, --the gatherer, the
bowl maker and the stem and
foot maker, —and two unskilled
men, *-the mould boy, for open-
ing and closing the mould and
to cool it in water, and a carry-
ing boy.
The gatherer secures the re-
quisite amount of glass en the
head of the blow -pipe by dip-
ping it into the molten metal
through the opening in the pot.
(The blow pipe is a steel tube
from 4 to 5 feet long and from
3/4 to 1 1/4 of an inch in dia-
meter). After the gather has
been prepared by the gatherer
it is taken to the bowl -maker
and inserted in the mould and
the bowl is blown. The stem
and foot maker takes the pipe
and has a small gather stuck to
the bottom of the bowl and cuts
it at the length sufficient for
the stem. After the stem is
shaped, another gather is de-
posited at the base of the stem
for the foot which is them form-
ed. The goblet is now cracked
off from the pipe and is carried
to the annealing lehr. Thegob•
let comes out of the lehr, but
has a surplus of glass above the
rim which was fondled during
the blowing. This must be re-
moved at the point desired in
order to obtain the size requir-
ed for the finished product.
To remove this the goblet is
placed on a revolving table and
the place at which it is to be
cracked off is scored with a dia-
mond and while being slowly
turned it is subjected to a gas
flame under air pressure which
causes the glass to crack off at
this point. The surplus glass is.
discarded.
To remove the rough edge
left on the rim of the glass it is
held against a carborundum
wheel, the rim is then remelt-
ed in an intense gas flame which
rounds off the sharp edge thus
giving protection to the lips and
prevents chipping of the rim.
The piece is washed and
dried, passes a final inspection
and becomes a finished "blank"
for the cutting process.
Guide lines ate marked on
the glass by an adhesive ink,.
and the piece is first "roughed"
by holding the glass against a
steel wheel fixed to a horizon-
tal spindle on which an abras-
ive of sand and water is used to
speed the cutting process. The
glass is then "smoothed" by go-'
ing over the "roughed" cutting
with a carborundum wheel of
very fine texture which is kept
wet with water and thus a
smooth finish to the cutting is
obtained, "Polishing", which
takes away the dull or gray ap-
pearance of the cutting is ob-
tained by the use of felt wheels
fed with pumice and water,
then high speed bristle brushes
are used, also fed with pumice
and water, and lastly a high
speed brush Containing a rouge
compound made of oxide of tin
mixed with water finishes the
polishing. This puts brightness
on the pattern and allows the
facets of the cuts to reflect the
Light rays. An acid process can
also be used for polishing, by
dipping the article in an acid
bath.
It is well to remember the
hands of the glassmaker and
glasscutter, though capable to
a degree, cannot of course,
work with the uniformity of a
machine. For this reason nb
mechanical exactitude can be
expected, nor is this desired.
Slight variations in thickness,
width and height or minute air -
enclosures are unavoidable. In
fact, they increase the value of
each glass — they are the proof
and the characteristics of hand-
made glassware, and should be
considered when examining
crystalware.
Plan to Replenish Gift Cupboard
BLUEVALE--The Women's
Institute's November meeting
was held at the home of Mrs.
Carl Johnston on Wednesday
evening. The president, Mrs.
George Hetherington, presided.
After discussion of business
items, the health program fol-
lowed, Mrs. Wendell Stamper
being convener. Miss Ruby
Duff gave a talk on, "Current
Events on Health", showing the
great advance in scientific and
medical knowledge from the
early centuries to the present
time.
Mrs. D. S. MacNaughton,
Wingham, gave an excellent
address about cancer patients '
and what we can do for them.
Mrs. MacNaughton is president
of the Cancer Society of Wing -
ham and vicinity and told of
the many visits and attentions
given by the association to the
patients. This includes gifts
from the gift cupboard in the
hospital, reading to patients,
undertaking errands, also as-
sisting at cancer clinics, serv-
ing refreshments, etc.
Mrs. G. C. Mitchell moved
that members have a shower at
the Christmas meeting to re-
plenish the gift cupboard and
this was carried.
Mrs. Johnston was assisted
in serving refreshments by Miss
Emma Johnston, Mrs. A. D.
Smith and Mrs. FlemingJohn-
ston.
Trousseau Tea
For Bride -Elect
BLUEVALE—Mrs. Harry El-
liott entertained on Saturday
at a trousseau tea in honor of
her daughter, Miss Phyllis El-
liott. In the prettily decorated
home, the tea table, covered
'with a lace cloth, had a three -
tiered wedding cake as a
centrepiece. Mrs. Elliott and
Mrs. William Gamble, of At-
wood, mother of the groom -
elect, received the many
guests.
Pouring tea in the afternoon
were: Mrs, Leonard Elliott, of
Goderich, and Mrs. Fred El-
liott, aunts of the bride, and
Miss Ruby Duff. In the even-
ing were Mrs. Stuart Cowan,
of Wingham, the bride's aunt
and Mrs. Lyle Maybury, Lis -
Young People
To Kincardine
The young pedple of Blue -
vale Presbyterian Church at-
tended a social evening in the
Kincardine Church, when the .
Kincardine P. Y.P.S. was host.
The social was in the form of
a Hallowe'en party.
After the costume judging
and games, a bountiful lunch
was served by the Kincardine
group.
towel, aunt of the groom.
Miss Doris Jean Ross, of
Rothsay, Miss Carol Greig of
Wingham, and Mrs. Irving El-
liott, of Listowel, served the
guests in the afternoon. Serv-
ing in the evening were: Mrs.
Clifford Brewer and Miss Doris
Jean Ross.
Displaying the trousseau and
gifts were Miss Ruth Grainger,
of Gorrie, Miss Carol Robertson
and Miss Sharon Keeso, of Lis-
towel. Other assistants at the
tea were Mrs. Jack Hamilton,
Mrs. A. D. Smith, Mrs. John
McInnis and Mrs. Leslie Green-
away.
"If you get too certain that
you're a comer, you may be a
goner."
Wingham ,Advanee-Titres, Thursday, Nov., 22, 462 ., Page 15
BELL
LIES
by L. C. Luke
your telephone
manager
DON'T MISS TIM GIMISTIVIAS SUGGESTIONS
Bow's your Christmas list
coming along? It's often
difficult to find just the
right •thing for that very
special someone—a wife or
husband, son or daughter,
Mother or close relative.
Well, here's a suggestion:
Say a "Merry Christmas"
to your dear ones this year
with a lovely coloured ex-
tension phone — a year-
round reminder of your
thoughtfulness. You can
order the phone of your
choice now by simply -ealI-
ing us at 344. We'll do it
up in bright Christmas
wrapping for you in time
to put it under the trete
for Christmas. After Christmas, our installer will call around
to connect it in whatever location you wish. We'll be glad to
tell you all about this special Christmas feature. Don't delay,
call today;
A i •
AREA CODES SPEED LONG DISTANCE CALLS
Note change in code)
Beginning December 2, the Area Cade
for long distance calling to the Ontario
communities of Peterborough, Lindsay,
Beaverton, and surrounding centres
changes to 705, When calling long
distance you'll find it helps to know
the Area. Code for the community you
wish to reach. North America has
been divided into Numbering flan
Areas (NPA) for long distance pur-
poses, and each NPA is identified by
a three -figure Area Code. Area Codes
for many centres on this continent
are Iisted in the introductory pages of your telephone direct-
ory. Wingham, for instance, together with Owen Sound, Walk-
erton, Listowel, Stratford, Hitohener, London, Chatham, Wind-
sor is in the 519 area. Anyone outside this area calling you
should associate this Area Code with your number. If, for
example, you were calling the 'Wingham telephone number
357-3246, they should consider the full number as 519-357-3246.
The same principle applies to calls we make outside our own
NPA with one exception. Access code 1 must precede the
phone number. For example, to call Toronto telephone No.
362-4911 you should consider the phone number as 1 (access
code), 416 (the Toronto area code), 362-4911 (local Toronto
n amber). (Long distance calls planed within the same NU1V1-
BERING PLAN AREA do not require the area code 519 but
do require the access code 1. For instance, a call from Wing -
ham to Stratford would be connected by dialing 1-271-2604).
On all customer dial long distance e --x.115 originating in Wing -
ham the operator will come on the line and ask you for your
own telephone number. Those who dial their own long dis-
tance calls by Direct Distance Dialing find it saves time if
they know the Area Code of the place they're calling. Also
if you place long distance calls through an operator, you'll
find it goes through smoother if you give the Area Code. May
we suggest that you give your Area Code along with your tele-
phone number to your out-of-town friends and business ac-
quaintances. It will help to speed their calls to you.
Cec�
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