Village Squire, 1976-07, Page 20He built a log fort at the rapids on the Richelieu River from
which he carried out several raids against the Iroquois.
In 1702, the fort was accidentally destroyed by fire but quickly
rebuilt. In 1709, a massive stone structure was built but, in 1760,
the garrison surrendered to the British who continued on to
Montreal in the war that ended France's domination over
Canada.
Rebels from the 13 colonies captured Fort Chambly in 1775
during the Revolution, but they were forced back to their own
lines a year later leaving their commander, General John
Thomas, dead of smallpox.
In 1777, General John Burgoyne started out from Fort Chambly
on his way to defeat at Saratoga.
During the War of 1812, the fort served only as a supply depot
and it was occupied briefly during the rebellion of 1837 and the
Fenian raids of the 1860's.
The reconstructed fortis unusual in that it has no earthen
defences to absorb artillery fire.
Exhibits include a scale model of the fort, archival illustrations
and artifacts. The two centuries of the fort's history are explained
in a three -screen, audio -Visual show.
Early French settlers and British and American soldiers are
buried in the nearby cemetery. Best-known is General Thomas.
The fort is only 500 yards from the Charribly Canal, a direct link
for pleasure craft between Montreal, Lake Champlain, the
Hudson River and New York City.
It's open to visitors every day all year.
FORT LENNOX
Fort Lennox, Quebec, 10 miles from the American border,
was built on a strategically -situated, 210 -acre island in the middle
of the Richelieu River.
The original fortifications, built by the French on Ile-aux-Noix,
were part of a north -south line of forts that included Carillon
(Ticonderoga) and St. Frederic, both in the Lake Champlain area.
Being on an island, the fort on Ile-aux-Noix could make it
virtually impossible for any British flotilla to slip by.
The French fort was captured by the British in 1760 after four
days of fighting. The garrison surrendered on August 28, 10 days
before France capitulated at Quebec.
In 1775, during the American Revolutionary War, General
Philip Schuyler occupied Ile-aux-Noix and the island was used
again following the American defeat of Quebec City as troops
regrouped there before returning home to New England, New
York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The present Fort Lennox dates from the War of 1812 when a
shipyard, barracks, hospital and storehouses were built.
Fifteen warships were built at Ile-aux-Noix during the war,
including the largest warship on Lake Champlain, the Confiance,
which met defeat at the Battle of Plattsburg.
The fort was named after Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond,
who died in 1819 while Governor-General of Canada.
The naval station was closed in 1834 and the fort was used as a
prison during the Rebellion of 1837. It also served briefly as a
reformatory.
'oday, Fort Lennox constitutes.a group of buildings of proud
19th century architecture. It is open to the public from May 1 to
Oct. 31.
The Quebec City area is also rich in historic fortifications with
its Citadel, 360 feet above the St. Lawrence River. It has a
museum and, during the summer, the daily ceremony of the
changing of the guard.
Quebec is the only walled city in North America north of
Mexico, and the old section is still accessible through gates built
in the 1820's.
Artillery Park and its old fortifications dating back to 1712 are
being restored and turned into an historic park.
Quebec City has three Martello towers, small circular forts,
and hundreds of old cannons distributed in several parks.
Across the river, For Lauzon offers a magnificent view of old
Quebec, Montmorency Falls and the Isle of Orleans.
For more information on Canada's forts and other attractions of
historical interest, please contact the Canadian Government
Office of Tourism, 150 Kent St., Ottawa, K1A OH6.
18, VILLAGE SQUIRE/JULY 1976
ainion
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