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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Citizen, 1990-01-31, Page 20PAGE 20. THE CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1990. Conservation practices can help reduce farm risks Continued from page 13 minimize the risk of planting the entire acreage with the wrong variety for the various stresses experienced during the growing season. FERTILITY AND FERTILIZERS Many farmers fondly remember the crops they harvested after they broke up the old “sod farm’’. A good stand of alfalfa can provide almost the entire nitrogen require­ ment for the corn crop that follows, helping to reduce costs. Red clover can also provide nitrogen to the following crops, although not enough to.grow a crop of corn. Nitrogen from red clover will, however, help to reduce the amount of additional nitrogen that must be applied. The nitrogen provided by le­ gumes is released as the organic matter decomposes. Commercial fertilizers are normally applied in the top six inches of the soil. In a dry year, this layer may be so dry that the nutrients are not in solution and therefore not available to the crop. The nutrients provided by the decomposing organic mat­ ter, particularly from the roots, is considerably deeper than this and many get the crop through these times reducing the potential for nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen. During wet periods when the soil > is saturated, there is an increased risk that nitrate nitrogen may be leached from the soil or denitrified and lost from the soil as nitrogen gas. Nitrate nitrogen from decom­ posing organic matter may also be leached or denitrified, however, as the soil drains it can be replaced by \ additional nitrate nitrogen as the organic matter continues to the following crop despite variable repay its cost. Avoid over fertiliza- moisture conditions. An additional benefit of growing legumes in the rotation is the ' improvement in soil structure that these crops can provide. Improved soil structure will make water more available to growing crops, and improve drainage and soil aeration. Again, risk is reduced as the soil will be in better condition to get the crop through wet or dry periods. Maximizing your fertilizer dollar will pay big dividends. Soil testing and following the recommenda­ tions will ensure that the fertilizer begin applied is required and will tion and unnecessary production costs. A NEW YEAR - RENEWED COMMITMENT No one knows what the 90’s will bring, but conservation practices can reduce costs and risk. Risk reduction and cost control have always been wise management practices. With greater variation in the weather, markets and costs, they will be even more important. The progressive farmer who wants to make it in the future can include conservation practices to reduce risk and control the cost of farming. 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