The Brussels Post, 1978-01-04, Page 4WEEKLY SALE
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4,--THE BRUSSELS POST, JANUARY 4, 1978
Federation head not optimistic for farmers
By Art Walloon
in The Stratford Beacon Herald
Charles. Munro, president .of
the Canadian Federation of
Agriculture , said at his home on
Tuesday that the industry is faced
with a problem among the
yotinger farmers,
It has not been a rosy 1977 for
agriculture and it is cloudy for
1978. Maybe the established
farmer is not hurting that much
yet, but the young man who has'
come into the e industry and
bought .at today's inflated prices
is the one who is being hurt and is
in serious trouble, claimed Mr.
Munro,.
We have to be concerned about
the young man as he is our hope ,
for the future.
In reviewing 1977 Mr, Munro
claimed that grain remains the -
Unlike the 'little piggy' in the
well-known children's nursery
rhyme, there are a large number
of piglets that never make it to
market.
Dr. James Elliot, a swine
nutritionist at Agriculture
Canades Animal Research
Institute says more than half the
total Mortality in swine occurs
during the first 48 hours after the
sow. gives birth. Pre-weaning
mortality limits efficiency in
swine production throughout the
world.
Dr.,Elliot and Dr. B.D:Owen of
the University of British
Columbia are working with
Canada Packers Ltd. in Toronto
on a program to help reduce
piglet' morfality by means of
artificial rearing.
"In an artificial rearing
program, there are two options
for disease prevention. The pigs
can be raised in a sterile, or at
least a very sanitary environment,
or the immunity of disease -
normally passed to the piglets by
the sow via the mammary
secretions - can be replaced,"
Dr. Elliot says.
" It is difficult or impossible to
achieve the level of sanitation
necessary in most farm situations
for the producer to adopt the first
option. Therefore, research is
being carried out on the second
option."
The basic problem is finding a
replacement for the immunity to
diseases normally provided in the
sow's colostrum and milk. Piglets
removed from the sow must be
given a continuous supply of
antibodies against enteric
colibacillosis (scours), a disease
of the intestinal tract. '
In a parallel series of trials at
the' Animal Research Institute
and the 'University of Saskatche-
wan, the approach has been to
provide immunity . with an
atitibody=containing extract
obtained, from pig blood serum.
The extract, called immuno-
globulin, can be added to a
commercial milk replacer and fed
bellweather of the food industry
and the surplus, mainly in the
United .States, has eaused a
declining market which is
resulting in the corn producers of
Ontario and the grain producers
of the west receiving less than the
cost of production.
The question is "how long can
they stay in business?
This has an overriding effect on
the hog industry which has been
fairly stable for three years.
We can look for a sharp
increase in production, especially
in the United States which will
ultimately effect us here in
Canada and the pundents are
saying that we are in for trouble
in that industry,
We have been introuble for the
last three years in the beef
industry but it appears that the
numbers have dropped in the
to the young pigs.
At the Animal Research
Institute in Ottawa, the artificial
rearing program is also being
used as part of a project to
establisti a minimal-disease swine
herd. The piglets for this herd are
surgically removed from sows and
placed immediately in a specially
controlled environment.
"Our work with these piglets
has revealed some interesting
facts. There have been almost no
stillborn pigletrs and very few
runts. In addition, there has been
virtually no sign of the diseases
that normally affect, pre-weaned
pigs," Dr. Elliet 'Says,
The trials,: at' Saskatchewan
shows that under favorabe
conditions the extract, when
provided at.the prop er level, is
enough to build passive immunity
in the colostrum-deprived piglets.
The survival rate was very high
for early-farrowed pigs. When the
farrowing periOd was prolonged, •
the mortality rate of the late-
farrowed pigs increased
dramatically. ,There was a r apid
buildup in the disease level,
which n ew-born pigs are unable
to cope with; even with the
protective immunoglobulins in
their diet.
During the' trial's the research-
ers experimented with the
practice of breeding gilts as soon
as possible after they reached 100
kilograms live weight. The sows
were slaughtered after farrowing
The gilts produced an average
of 10.5 pigs per litter and were
marketed from one to three weeks
after farrowing.
"A comparison of the
production costs of rearing
weanlings conventionally and the
artificial rearing program shows
that producers could increase
their returns by adopting a
weaning-at-birth program.
However, only, operatois who are
first-class managers should
attempt weaning at birth because
it requires careful attention and
sanitation," Dr. Elliot says.
potential to come to market. This
coald lead to an upswing in
consumer and producer prices,
Perhaps the beef industry is
righting itself.
With regards to the dairy
industry, it has been in a good
deal of controversy because we
are under a national supply
management system. We have
been under provincial supply
policy in the fluid milk indsutry
,for sometime. The most
interesting thing here is that in
spite of the controversy we still
have a great number of people
who want to get' into this segment
of the industry because it is
organized and does give some
semblance of stability. This is
what people want - a chance to
recoup their expenses and pay
their bills and have enough left to
live on for -their day's labour.
This is indeed important when
we consider that in 1976 the farm
net income dropped .23 per cent
and an additional nine per cent in
1977, a total of 32 per cent in two
y ears.
In the egg sector of the poultry
industry, which has been under
controls, quite successfully, and
with the drop ingrain prices, have
been able to drop the price of
eggs six cents a dozen in 1977 to
consumers which is contrary to
other segments of the economy
where prices tend to keep rising.
Broiler producers have been
asking for a national plan with low
priced imports from the United
States, particularly in the Georgia
area, flooding the Montreal and
Toronto markets,
As yet , they have no national
plan; the big excuse is that three
provinces, Alberta, Manitoba and
Newfoundland have refused to
join the plan.
This flooding is spreading to
the processing plants as well due
to the fact that both the producers
and the processor in that area of
the United States does not came
under the minimum wage act and
,are paying wages below those in
Canada.
The producer is large conglom-
erates and not family farms
making wages an essential part of
the picture.
The turkey industry hasn't
really organized under the supply
control and are relatively free
although they are organized
under a national plan.
The horticultural industry has
been under sharp influence from
Imports from the United States
and Mexico where they can
produce on a longer season with
less energy which has put our
industry in some trouble, They
are hoping for support, which, as
yet, they haven't got.
To sum it all up we haven't had
a rosy 1977 in agriculture with the
young man just starting and
paying today's inflated prices.
For 1978 the prospects are
cloudy as so much depends on the
grain market, Grains control the
price of most foods and what may
be one man's loss could well be
another's gain, explained Mr.
Munro.
He expects the high imput
prices to continue despite the
uncertainity of the grain market
which makes the situation rather
'cloudy for 1978.
But, the beef and pork grading
coming under change on Jan.
2nd, the producer should receive
a little better break in the grading
of some carcases. Piglets
Can be raised in
sterile environment