HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1977-07-13, Page 20BRING THEM BACK
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here. are only 6 true cereals
Cereals are the most important
crops raised by man.
Nutritious, easily stored and
transported, cereals were ,the
basis of the first great ciViliza-
tions. The ancient cities of Asia
Minor relied on, wheat; Chinese
and. Indian civilizations were
based on rice and the complex
indigenous societies of what is
now Mexico and Central America
owed their origin of maize.
There are only six true .cereals
-- wheat, rice, maize, oats. rye
and barley -- under cultivation
and they are very old, Few new
plants have come into cultivation
in the last 2,000 years, although
many have been vastly atlered.
Plant scientists believe wheat
and barley originated in more
than one place. Soft wheat is
believed to be a native of
southwestern Asia, but hard
wheat came from the Mediter-
ranean region. Different kinds of
barley evolved in three parts of
the world -- southwestern and
southeastern Asia • and North
Africa..
Secondary cereals, like rye and
oats. arc believed to have begun
as weeds in primary crops. Since
ancient farmers had no way of
eliminating them, they ignored
them. This worked well in
favorable areas. But in places less
favorable to the primary crops,
the weeds took over. They
gradually replaced the primary
crop- as wild oats threatens to do
in western wheat fields today
unless rigorously controlled and
eventually became cultivated.
Oats is thought to have begun
in three areas -- Abyssinia, the
Mediterranean basin and China.
Rye, newer than the other
cereals, evolved in the Black and
Caspian Seas regions.
Maize, although not • known. to.
Europeans until after 1492, 'had
long sustained Indian populations
in the Americas before the first
explorers arrived. Native to the
highlands of Central America, it
had been. .under cultivation so.
long that it had lost the ability to
survive even one year in the wild.
Even today: plant ,breeders are
uncertain of the parentage of the
Indian maize, that was the
forerunner of modern corn.
By the time corn became known
20—THE BRUSSELS POST, JULY 13, 1977
to the Europeans, the Indiansbad
so developed-the plant that the
closely packed. kernels couldn't
separate from the ear, and
sprouting unshelled seeds were.
unable to sink their roots • in the
ground. Even if they could,, their
dense concentration on the ear
would cause the seedlingS
crowd themselves to death.
Rice, the main food .of more
than half the world's population,
originated in south eastern
China and adjacent parts of Asia,
where it is still a staple food.
The sorghums are nat ive to •
Asia and Africa and millet is
native to eastern Asia, •
Buckwheat is used in the same
way as grains, although it is not a
grass plant, One of the youngest
of the gorup of plants cultivated
for cereal-like purposes, it
originated in Central Asia and
was first heard of in 10th Century
Mufti,
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Chi na , It was introduced to
Europe in 1436 and eventually
became one of the main foods 0'1
Russian serfs before the 1917
revolution.
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