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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Signal, 1917-3-1, Page 6•' T/u i.&t, MARCH 1, 1917 ARTIFICIAL FARM FERTILIZERS THE STOMAL GODERICH : ONTARIO fume. Thou** the crop may be cut, Obey terve greater residue In the form of roots In the 1011 than do the non PROF. HARCOURT TALKS TO GODERICH TOWNSHIP FARMERS' `"�nml°°°" planta. n handling sweet clover, It mutt be CLUB ON THE SUBJECT cut about five laches high the first time _ - _-_ or it will kill out. It maker Rout bay KNOW YOUR SOIL THE SECRET OF SUCCESS and will grow on very poor "°"", Ou Tuesday, Feb. 13, Prof. 1t. Har- court, trona the Department of Chem- istry of the Ontario Agricultural -it. le he at Guelph, addressed the GoderlTh township "Farmers' Club" in the Orange Hall. Prof. Harcourt stated, at the 6om- Yuencement, that he had',no set ad- dress and he Invited those present to ask questions at any tluto. This privl• lege the members made use of and many questions were asked relative to fertilizers, the subject on hand. The gist of Prof. Haroourt's address was as follows: Plante and animals are similar In their lite habits. Each re.i r s food and air; each inhales and ex ; each takes up food and ex - Cru !waste matter. The gritty mat- ter sojfetlmes found on the leaves and stems of cereal+ is often the excrement from those plants. The leaves ivay be said to be the btowach of tbe plant. Under 1 the microscope, a cross section of a Ilea( is seeo to be composed of several layers of cells. The breathing pores, or stomata. of the leaves are In the under surface. The air Is inhaled, and under the Influence of light, the leaves manU• facture the carbon, oxygen and the food material taken up from the soil. into the sugars and starches which form the food of the plant. Planta require a great variety of el:Aerial from which to make their food. Ten of these • are absolutely essential, but only four are of more than passing notice. 'These four are nitrogen, potash, phosphoric acid and lute. Carbon, ono of the other six. Is the only foul material taken from the air. All the other material is absorbed Are your hands chapped. cracked, or sore ? Have you "cold cracks" which open and bleed when the skin Is drovers tight? have you a cold sore. frost bite, or chilblains, which at times makes It agony for you to go about your duties ? If so. Zam-Buk will give you relief. and will heal the frost -damaged skin. Miss B. 8(rojaa, of East Hans- ford, N.B., writes: " My hands were el badly chapped I was un- able to4put_them 1n water.. All remedies failed to heal until I tried Urn -Bilk. Perseverance with this balm completely healed the sores." s.•m-Kok ke•hsceb,bures.br.ises, cures ec rams. piles. ekspped haoa.. Spiel sores. Trost bites. end all skin dleeasee end 1•luriea. Illus• .u.. - .111.,•s. AI all drugglsa •.d Stores. •e.. boa. S QUICK RELIEF by the root hale troan the soil. These root hairs are No small that they are visible only by use of a microscope. The four essentials named are of greater Importance than the others, because the plant requires tar greater proportions of them. Each of these four ba" special functions to perform which cannot be performed by any of the others. None of these eau be substituted for another, any more than roots can be substituted for grain in feeding animals. We cannot substitute nitrogen for putash nor potash for phosphorous or lime. NITRO0I'N The duty of nitrogen Is to encourage leaf growth. Those plants green for thetr foliage require an abundance of nitrogen, viz., grasses, clovers, rape, lettuce, celery, cabbage, etc. Unless a goodly supply of nitrogen is available, these plants will not do well. We can obtain nitrogen from barn- yard•manures, nitrate salts, by plowing in green crops, and lastly, from the air.' Barnyard manure, well preserved, Is one of our best fertilizers. To be pre- served for any length of time it needs to be well packed. Of the nitrate salts, sodium nitrate is the most common. But this salt le very expensive. Before the war It sold for about 1160 per ton but today It is very mach higher In price. This is the most available form of nitrogen and, to prevent lose by leaching, It should be applied in frequent light applications. By plowing in of such crops se oats, buckwheat, rye, fall wheat, clover, rape, etc., while these crops are green, a quantity of nitrogen may be added to the boll and the physical condition of the soil also improved. Of all plants to plow In, clovers and other legumes are the most useful. Leguminous plants aro especiallt- valuable. Tnese plants aro character- ized haracter Ized by halting small nodules t.r tuber- cles on their mote. These nodules are composed of bacteria or micro -organ - lema. These organisms are so small that many 1000'* could pass through the eye of an needle at one time. By the aid of these bacteria the leguminous plants are enabled to take nitrogen from the air. About 50 per cent. of the atmosphere is nitrogen. The legumes corn WOO 40 II aro') county are red clover, alsike, alfalfa. beans, peas, etc. Of these red clover le the most ex• acting in les demands. This im not to say that this plant I" what Is commonly termed "hard on the^ soil." But the soil to produce good crops of rod clover must be In good heart and (nnoculated with the correct bacteria. It anyone YoTANH Potash Is used by the plants in the ripeniug processes and is made Into sugars and starches t0 be stored In the roots of waugels, potatoes, etc., In the seeds of wheal. oats. etc., and In the seeds of fruits, to be used by these parte of the plants In reproducing them selves the following season. Our external sonroes of potash a limited. Before the war potash sal were obtained from Gerwany and were sold in this country for about $45 per ton. But practically the only sources 1 In these deposits in Germany, so the today the price of these is problbltive running as high es several hundred dollars per ton. Kelp, a sea w found Litt the coast of California and Alaska. Is another source of potash. bu ie • much wore expensive source the the snits trove the German wines • which will be available at the close ' of the war. However, we have sufficient queue tie. of potash in utosy of our soils, especially the clays. This potash is in a form that it is unavailable to the plants. hence the task of the fanner IN to render this insoluble potash sus tldently soluble to be taken up by the plants. " Of the agencies capable of rendering this insoluble potash available to the plant, the fanner has several at his command. These iuclude the plowing in of organic Matter, sack as strawy manure, green crops, etc., to make humus, deeper and more thorough cultivation. and the addition of lime to the so11. ,,All wood ashes are a valuable source of potash and are most useful by being applied to, clovers, etc. Hand wood ashes are more valu- able than the ash of Mott woods. Elm is one of the most valuable, cedar and pine are among the least valuable ash. Ground feldspar is another source of potash but is too Insoluble to be useful as fertilizer. re is s t sed d t n Be Clean —told Safe. i'bisk of the germ-ladac tient* your skis sad clothes must ssmo ietu confect with every day. T►ea remember that • wishes to Lanceolate died stover, alsike, alfals'a or sweet clover, he may'obtain enough culture for .one bushel of seed for a amMt sum from the Ontario Agri- cultural College. The culture In 1916 was sold toe 36 omits per bottle and instrueilentri-ware--ghee -foe tta .use. The purchaser must alio agree to leave a portion of the Reed untreated and make comparisons, reporting results in the fall. Two new legumes that are (treeing attention are, Soy, Soja or Japanese bean. and.weet clover. Both of these will grow where red clover will not: both make good cattle hay. Of the two, sweet clover Is the best for Huron county farms. By growing such crops as these, plowing one or two of them in, the soil may be improved sufficient- ly to grow the rod clover. No farmer should attempt to farm without in chiding in his crop rotations some le- towns PHSISPHOROUS Phosphoric acid is also used in the ripening processes of plants, ueverthe- Iess 11 cannot be substituted fur potash, nor totash for phosphorous. Phosphoric acid, as a fertilizer, can be obtained from ground bone. acid phosphate and basic slag. Basle slag dN a good source but has suffered fropt the effect of extensive. injudicious ad- vertising in the early days. consequent - Iv ie not as extensively used today as It might be. ' Basic slag should be ap- plied very early. Now Is time for 1917, Ground bore and acid phosphate may be Bald to be rival sources of phosphoric AN AGED WOMAN Tells How Vinol Made Her 8 in her eighty-second year Mrs, J Wtckereham; -o-Wueerl1viiTe, pl►, says! "1 was in a run-down, feeble condition and had lost flesh. A neighbor asked me to try V'inol, and after taking two bottles my strength returned; I am gaining in flesh, it has built up say health and 1 am feeling tine for a soman of my age, so I get around and do my housework." The reason Vinol was so successful in Mrs. Wiekeraham's ease was be- cause it contains the very elements seeded to build her up. ll. C. Dunlop, tlruggict, Goderich, Ont. Also at the best druggists in all Ontario 7114' COUJVTRYSC/IOOL yrs "�.�" �4 GOMMUNI7"Y vCBNne� 4' 1 NATioxs are built In the .p schools. The Ideals net up the school teacher rem 1n ver 1,nre•ly the Ideals of the lieph tilrougl5 tett itis, and his conception of p-ttd'',. him will De what he has been taw: during his school years. It le not to„ mesh to say that the present world ar 1s due to a difference of id rale festered by different systems Qf edu• cat ton. Greet as 1s the importance of the pnbilc school In old and well estab- lished countries, this Importance Is t-ve/r-Rrrajrrtrrittir wits tends which are being ratted upon to assimilate populations from the more r•ongested reunifies. It Is worthy of note that -- le ---western (4tnada, which may 'be cited as a ease 1n point of a country which is called upon to assimilate a Population of many rates. Some of the atom strenuous political and co°stl- tutional lights have hinged upon the 'relents df public education. These fights, however, were not without their purpose, and 1t Is out of them Dae arisen a entitle school policy well calculated to meet the needs of a new end rapidly growing con.try. io such a country the public school has to take on fnrctloes not usually assort• sited eith It in the older and more densely settled eom)nlinities. The prattle arhrelhnn*e 15 not merely • [entre of rdmratInn; It Is *len the re llglous and model centre of the die Wet. During the week dey. the *hoot teacher furnishes education to the children of the neighborhood, but the report of the Inspector of echoola. on Sunda the testgnary holds kis In the Province of Alberta, although Mar*k..; w r attend regardless this school library movement Is of creed or main ity, and on week only In its infamy, no less than nights the building used for meet. 110.000 books were supplied for , iegs of farmers, for t a various come this purpose last year, at a root moony aociettee; for.ttte toed ('rose 04 some 130,000.00. Ede:atlondata I or. Patriotic Club, and for purely So- of the provinee Inok forward to Oa! events such as debate•., concerts the Untie when every school des - ane dances. To facilitate the latter, trlct win be a library centre. *4v. It may be noted that many country tag to the 'bottlers the faellttlee now schoolhouses use redfovabl, dealt* afforded to residents of clues and which the willing hands of the farm- town^ through their puhllc libraries. ere' boys quickly dlkpose of whenever The prosperity which has almost over. there lea dame, in prop;sect. w•helrned rural Alberta In the last two Another phase of community work year,,. when farmers have been trap assnMRted a lth the ri rel Pehool Ing ennrmous crape and selling them which ha* be n remelt into protein. at the highest figures In history, etre during the Inst few rears Is the promisee to contribute still further snpply of knelt.; to Pettier* In the des- to the importance of the rural school trier Thi. Mork is er,ner*ged end •a a social centre. With every farm- a.rlated by the central tteriartment Of er driving his own autonioblle the Pdncet1on. which provides eataloeues opportunitlrr for social mutterings of book. suitable for serh purposes, are greatly increased, and the come - the actual Peleetion bettor left to the try school is the natural mee'leg teacher. The member n' Anoka allot. place. tad to a school district Is based os lea -• there i. • splendid antisepei. LIFEBUOY HEALTH SOAP Uw Lifebuoy fur the bands, the bath, the clothes, and the home. 1te rich, abundant lather mean* safety. The mild, odor./vanishos quickly aft, use. urn IQOTIIE.t limited TORONTO acid. Which the farmer should use, depends upon the percentage of avail- able phosphorus in each material and the price per ton of the material. Bone 1@Q a slightly slower source than acid phosphate. On the other band, if a so ha" any tendencies to be acid the ac phosphate will make smatters worse In shch a case a liberal application lime should be made to counteract th acid or sour condition of the soil. At this point the question was rat as to the cause for cattle chewing sue foreign matter as bones and bits wood. This, Prof. Harcourt claimed was the result of the animal craving f phosphorous. that i. to say. that th (toll, in lack)pg phosphoric acid, pro duced, crops lacking to this material The animal's body demanding th material caused them to chew bone He had often beard that cattle in th section were given to this habit an was much interested in the report given of animal•, chewing on ,nuc materials. LIME Lime Itself 'dill scarcely be ci7%d� plant food ; at least It 1, not of Brea value as such, but is valuable fo several reasons, viz., it neutralizes ace soils, tends to bind loose soils together tends to make heavy soils more ope and porous and aids in the liberation o other mineral plant foods. An acid soil is not necessarily a sig of poor farming but on the other hen is often an Indication of good farming. In the processes of decaying of mr ure, of plowing and cultivation of th soil, plant food material Is rendered av tillable to Inc plants, that is is made Witte= 01' Lame The Iwo chief sources of lime for the farmers are quick lime and pulverteed or crushed limestone. If quick lime la used, apply at the tate of about one ton to the aore; it pulverized stone about two tons is necessary. The quick lime is more soluble and therefore quicker In action. on the other band, the action of the lime stone lasts longer. Apply the quick lime now, dumping lu swell heaps to allow tt to slake, thea finish the spreading in the spring. The roll just under the pile of lime should be scattered and dug In a little to pee vent tea heRvy au application on tbese Maces It crushed stone Is used, spread at the rate of two tons per acro. The more finely crushed the quicker the action unci the shorter the duration of the effect from that application. Of the two sources of lime the ground rock 1e much Nater. Salt at the rate of 1400 to 400 lbs. per sore way be used instead of lime, but lime has actions in doll not posee"eed by salt. Salt will never displace lime for moil purposes. Prot. Harcourt does not think that the application of *reticle! fertilizers to small grain crop" would produce sum. clently prolttable results. Better to apply the fertilizers to roots, etc.. and depend upon tee after effects of the application for grain crape. The only reliable method of deter mining what fertilizer to -use on any soil le to experlmeet by apply ing the various fertilizers on different plot., and noting results. The following method was used last year by one Luau. The crop experimented on was white oats. The fertdlezer drill was set to sow about 350 pounds per acre. A bag of Homestead 1.s.1. was demped into drill and drill driven till teetllizer was all gone, then a tug of Davtea' 9.10.2, was spread at the same rate, they♦ of Davle,i 0. 13.2., then one rotted 01 the grill was made without fertilizer. The balance of the field was tewn with Davies' 0.1.2.2. Fertilizer'. are genes, ally deecnbee by the notations 2.10.2., 2.li.l. 0.12 2 etc Inc first be num r Indicates the percentage of nitrogen, the second, the percentage of phosphor- ic acid. tbe third the percentage of potash. To ascertain the number of pounds of any of these materials in it Ma ton of mixed fertilizer multiply the id leen percentage by 20. In the fore- of fgoing experiment, all fertilized plots of received phosphoric acid and potash, e l two received nitrogen. A vast differ ence was noticed between the no fertll- lied leer or ceeck plot and all of the ferttliz h ed plots. No difference was noticed of I between the plots rexlving no nitrogen , and those receiving one and two per or cent nitrogen. This would indicate e • is s. is d per ton. This latter eonclusion may be s applied to the potash as the mixture h richest in potash bad only 40 lbs. per too. The general conclusion anlved at was, that In this particular case phos- - phone geld, whish was in ail mixture.; t was the most useful. Each plot ex- tended all the way across the &Id and r was staked off. By making use of some scheme of ex- periment as outlined above, any farmer can determine what fertilizer Is moat needed for any particular crop or soil. In such experiments however he should bear In mind the uses, the different fertilizer materials have in plant life. Teething Time a Time of Worry. that either nitrogen was of no value on this soil or else there was not enough nitrogen in the mixtures used to be noticeable. Thi" latter conclusion le quite probable, as In the one mixture there is 90 lbs. and the other only 40 lbs. d n f n d n• e soluble. This process tends to the pro dectinu of acid. It is somewhat simil ar to the Wanly y processes of swee cider turning to vinegar. fresh corn to sour silage, etc. In a soil containing plenty of lime, this acid is neutralized and thiaprevent" the soil from souring But lime, of all soil materials, is the moist soluble. hence the result that the natural supply of lime in the soil will be exhausted before the other less sol- uble materials. Lime also has a tendency to make a clay soil more porous. Clay soil 1e com- posed of very very tine materials. The action of lime is such to to make these particles adhere together. forming a "lightly coarser grain and thus Wylie; better drainage. One of the common causes tor failure. of clover crops to catch, or to live through the stmt winter is due to sour .oil. The cause of this sourness has already been explained, and the situa tion may he aggravated by imprpuer drainage. The reason for the clover not succeeding in a sour soil is, that the little micro organisms which are essen• Gal to Inc life of the clover demand a .weet soil In which to live. All land. need occasional washing to remove soil impurities and to prevent the accumulation of acids. If the land Ilse not good drainage, then the first treatment is to thoroughly drain. To test a soil for acid, secure a package of blue litmus paper from the druggist. Thee le very cheap. Five or ten cent. worth will last a long time. Make a stud bail of the moil to be tested. Press this ball till it is thoroughly compact, then cot open anti place one end of a 'era) of 'Items 1n the cut and squeeze the earth together again. Examine In a few illinutem and it there Is any ap- pearance whatever of red in the litmus, the .oil in acid and needs lime. lu general, the keynote to .emcees in using artitical rertili►er% is to know your Roil and to know the demands of the different crop.. Our "oil is awsrming with mallow' of bacteria. Theseiittlemioro.organisruiarn m. of two great elege-those that thrive in the air, aerobic bacteria, and those that thrive in an absence of sir, anaero- bic bacteria. The re.nit of the work of the aerobic organisms i. to render in gettable plant food soluble, no that it ran be absorbed by the plants. Thisen is the condition pretend In a well culti- vated soil. and the !canon for thorough preparation of the Reed bed. it la the second, third and subsetluest cultiva- tloncultiva- tion':that oonnt. it Is'these little atm Me organisms thet are hard et work In a pile of Inose manure. dissolving the plant food so that It I. carried off by the water. When baby is teething is a time of worry to moat 'anthers. Bahy's Iiltie guess become swollen and tender; he becomes cross : doer not bleep well : is greatly troubled with constipation, arrhed colic or dioea, and tttteepee even • convulsions seise him. During this period nothing can equal the use of Baby's Own Tebbe... They regulate the bowels and etou ech and make the teething so easy that the cher scarcely realizes baby- is getting his teeth: Concerning the Tshlets Mrs Arthur Archibald, New Town, h. 8., writes : "1 used Baby's Own Tablets when baby wen gel ting hie tee.h and i found them an excellent medicine." The Tahlete are Fold by medicine deal- ers or by mail at 'di cents a M•x from the fir. Williams' Medicine Company, BrAckville, Ont On the other hand, the anaerobic ioldierm In a moil or mannre pile where conditions are favorable to their growth, are working am hard as powaible to make the plant food in.olnble. Them condi- tion Is what we have to a poorly eniti voted soil end In a properly packed manure pile. in the uncultivated Doll we have an nndeatrable condition, in the tightly yanked manure pile the same condition is desirable. RURAL MAiL DELIVERY. Regulations Regarding Sale of Stamps and Orders. Complaint has been mule respect- ing rurwl mail service regarding 1 he i sale of stamps to patrons. Ace:e-linge Ito Regulation 17, "A courier shall not be required to sell to en amount less than twenty-five cents." Regulations 44 and 45 -in reference to money orders and postal tints.. - .tate that couriers while on routes ere au, hot ized to fill applica'ion, and we - Ask Your Druggist for Seo You Get This Boz ?Wu [aar�1M, 1•lae "NI Usable seas pawl Is ewe was veer sat la. llwarr. � y eapaaua. 3..elesla mate by teeth . Rltaa r W to edars. 1 baa yea to Mem* q totes as Wim people azar know dap Ota Hila lel ewe ter ow Tl •res ba ✓ elieved am •• mum teal atgkt I,.em ..r. . ameteat to tare .e muraly sad to bn.g n o bask se prrteM Walt/. Isadore llamas.'• Too druggist sells eta !dL-i0c. a ba, er a beam ter 45.14. Sample tree U pee write a NATIONAL DSNI a ORSYIOAL 00. or CANADA, LIMIT= Termite. oat, ` es V. s. Al4est-Ir•-Dn-O.. ba. Set ktaia at" Salah, Y.T. through the courier without eats fee. cepted for registration by the courier,. Regulations 8(18 wad C require, i° a who shalt obtain a receipt how Cher mase of payee' desiring to collect pOStma*ter on delivery of registered through the courier, tont a postal iarticle to distributing poetoQtce. note lie duh- secepted, vend whereit is a money order the payee shall en- dorse on back, according to form and .pace provided. Upon delivery of cash courier mutt secure payee's signature on form pro- vided for purpose, and shalt file with postmaster at pay office. Regulation 52 -governing registra- tion -requires couriers to accept far registration all mailable matter ten- dered to them on any trip. A reins - try receipt must be issued with each letter or parcel at the time it is ac- FREE Ever! you* ma, uEx in �yArz � of .JS years or over who *.spirt•. to achieve Should take advantage of the following ruuIN'11 offering hint (aleadtttely free of any ex' [tenet., beyond the price of the :k stamped envelope) a truly splendid 1*p4•,rtitnity of Entertaining in hu otic, mind the thoughts d , heading British and Aat.ricia Writers on the War and prohie.s of the Free .COUPON Dear Publisher. of "World Wide," "Witness" Bldg., Montreal. Please send me' "World «'id," for three week!. FREE of all charges anti withontany obiigati,.0 v.hatt•ver o11 my part, and oblige Nance ••. . Address. Seasonable Footwear! WHETHER you've been buying cheap or high- priced footwear, our Shoes and Rubbers, at medium prices, will make it possible for you to save money and still you'll be able to have footwear that cannot be beaten for tyle, comfort or durablitiy. REI AIRING I • GEO. MacVICAR North Side of Square Goderich $tarYaf COMP,e CO, ••ontr.alletre•t and l ees" HIGH -CLASS and SANIT ARV We serve excellent meals a la Carte daily PIES TO TAKL 07/T Private Luncheon Room foe Ladies and Gentlemen CAREFUL SERVICE Our Motto-CIa■nen•u Always OPLN 9 A. M. TO 1 A. M. Safety First Npalsag is more! mtwrurt tis Pur Shl par than doing Wane.. with •n Hawn t -Reliable - Responsible- 8•.t• Fur House. "Ship to Shubert" the lamest house in the word dealin, exclusively to American Raw Furs, w here you .111 always Sec ive an Amon,. and Liberal Aaort.nent, the Ihrhwt Mart•! Prier, and the seal •absa•rC' stunt, Speedy. Co•rte.•ti arwew. Write for the latest edition of -Ur 64abtrt *bippre' eanr,ining •.leaf , M.rban tniennetw res oust have A. B. SHUBERT, Inc. Des. C.33s,CHI� co ••••••••••••••••••••••••••I • ROBERT WILSON • THE MASSEY-HARRIS DEALER rept money for .acne, furnishing re- • • eeipt to re!itter, while Regul„cionCan supply any kind of farm implement. A 30A allows that noire and nrdermtnade • .;t, ;. lar a stock. always s on hand. • out in favor of a rotate reeident may • • 7� g y (as an aecnmmndati •n) he paid . • t • Mother's Troubles ' Plows and Harrows. matt ! } "t' `- • • Cultivators. • For Seeding Dix Drills. • Fertilizer Drills. Land Rollers. • 2000 rods of No. 9 galvanized steel Fence. Mother's unending work and devotion drains and strains her • physical strength and leaves • For Fencing its mark in dimmed eyes and careworn expressions—she I� ages before her time. For Power Any mother who is weary • and languid should start taking For Heat SCOTI'S 2-h. p. Gasoline Engine. &b. p. (lanoline Engine. 4-h. p. Gasoline Engine. Peerless Corona Ranges, Peerless Leader Ranges. For Light Delco Light. • g Electric Light for the farm. • • • •• COME IN AND GET WARM! -51Kf. • • • EMIJLSIONChickens For Hatching Buckeye Incubators and Brooders. • If you need any of these, or even if you don't need any- thing, OF PUREST COD LIVER OIL as a strengthening food and bracttt� I • tonic to add richness to her blood and build up her nerves before it • is too late. Start SCOTT'S today- its fame is world-wide. No Harmful Drupa. vett a swan, Tarsal%OW. 10.4 • • ' ROBERT WILSON • • Hamilton street tiorlerieh • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• OF1 1,111,1•21