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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Huron Signal, 1882-08-04, Page 22 +a.wa...-.. CHESHIRE SALT MlNES. Ttaa eyes:. er Wessits T. The premeditate e6 tlits ask ,ataile Cheshire, omits. to thesinide. gang ta constantly pin. and premium ultimately M swallow up a vast scan of ground now severed with hoatm end buildings, (rives to the district a mots than ordinary strreet. Little more than a year age, sear to Northwbh,there was a subsidence of s most extraordinary character, so that the River Weever, and what is known as the Top Brook, were lowered fully a foot over 160 sores in about four horns, whilst there was an enormous sinking like a vast shah, into which it was'cowputed that not lees than 600,000 tons of water rushed. The shaft or hole, formed by the subsidence was fully 700 feet in diameter, and sloped gradually down, and in addition to the water it absorbed stout 40,000 tone of earth. Not so lung since a church. a chapel, and wine other kuildings were condemned as unsafe, and as the brine and salt are drawn away the subsidence will go on increasing in a corresponding rads. The prospect. of the Cheshire salt miner aro, therefore, by no means cheering for the mines at almost any time are liable to be inundated with water, and on the occasion to which we have referred to the water Pushing into an old mine, forced the separating bar- rier, between it and one that was being worked; the men, however ..caped, but the foreman, who afterwards went dawn the shaft to ascertain the amount of damage, found the water up to his breast when he got into one of the obsm- ben at the bottom. In modern salt mines there are generally two shafts, from 12 to 16 yards apart, with a pump- ing .haft for cleariog the surface water, which only goes down w far as the lat- ter descends. The surface work is cov- ered over as a protection from rain and snow, and the shafts are tubbed below the point where the surface watts is likely to penetrate. The cast-iron tub- bing is similar to that used for coal mines, but instead of being cast in seg- menta it is now cast in complete cyhn• dere. The beds of salt varies from 15 to 18ft. in Cheshire, and the mode of working is by driving out in the upper part between 5 and 6ft high, and this is called the roofing, which is followed up by what is termed the benching, so that pillars of the rock salt are left where they are considered necessary. In driv- ing the roof some holing and catling is done with the puck; but this is not much, as powder is usually resorted to, and then the roof is made into shape with the pick. ' The benching varies from 9ft 3in. to 12 ft 3 in.. and is blown off by a succession of shots fired in a slanting di- rection from top to bottom. In one of the largest mines the- number of men employed is about 90, and amongst that number about 1 cwt. of powder is used daily. In making shot, holes the drills used are some 8ft in length, pointed at each end, and the diameter being larger in the middle no hammer is required. Whilst uncluvrging the shot the powder- ed salt made in drilling the hole is put next to the powder, and then coarser grained salt upon that; the charge is then fired by a straw tilled with fine powder lighted from a candle. Unlike whst is usually the case in coal and other mines, the men only retire a few yards whilst the shot goes off, for the salt does not go far away when it is brought down. Extensive pillars have to be left, and and that on an extensive scale. load m the alert, and ispve goo- d t sewn ctlea4..a1 weab. W,SOT rah HURON SIGNAL, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4 1882, At the principal mine in Cheshire the pillars are in an oval form, some of them 640 yards long by 280 broad, extending over about 40 acres. The height of each pillar is about 5 yards, and of var- iotis breadths and lengths, and are set at various distances' apart. The thick- ness of strata they have to support from the base to the surface is more than 100 yards. At another mine where the height of the working is about 6 yards, and where the re k salt root is not quite firm the pillar* are 10 yards square and 25 yards apart, but there are some 12 yards square and only 18 yards apart. so Si to more perfectly reader the roof saga Iron tramways are used underground for the conveyance of the nock salt, but the rails are often ixed to pegs let into drill holes in the rock shit, so that is such cases sleepers are not aced. The workings are, as • rule, free from car- bonic acid and at only one place has fire- damp been met with, and that .m only one .r two 000esions- The labor r by no means exhausting, and sa the ventil- ation Is always gond and the air pure, to such an extent, indeed, is this the owe butcher's meat, it is said. keeps quite good undergr usd in the warmest weath- er for sight or nine weeks. TM bottom parts of the shaft are slightly bell -mouth- ed, So as to allow of the bucket ascend. ing without oetebint. The ventilation, notwithstanding the stnallnees of the shafts and the want of ventilating powers and partitions for eendi.g the air round the workings, isuseallygoxod, excepting it nay b. for shout two months in the hot- test part of th • summer. when the air noordonally becomes stagnant, and thin may onetinue until the cold weather sets in about September and October The winding is .loot by ordinary ste.men- ginss, swim .1 the*) being provided with Indrnee .h- . ib. pnaition r.f the 401#i ttlt.Ra • Owed Si is alba ooruer, et the cased part, ling: the hue/Leta which are rnuud de net toad ih .ad whoa the slobs are Meat - lar but without metal tubing the wire is let into a groove cut in the madman' and rook salt. But where the shafts are small and cued with metal cylinders, which have no web groove, then a sig- nal wire is not used, as the buckets would oared► it.. It has, however, been found by experience that a aiglol wire may be dispensed with, seeing t1i►t the rock salt together with the metal tabbing are good conveyers of sound, so mach so that the men when shouted to from the surface to the bottom, nearly 300 yards, can und.r.taad what is said. The deepest salt mine now being worked is stated to be the Duncrue, in the north of Ireland, which is 295 yards from the surface, the thickness of the ruck ask being 40 ft. The pillars are 10 by 12 yards so the top widening to 14 to 12 at the bottom. As to pressure, it has been found that at 110 yards from the surface with a thickness of 22 yards of rock salt left above the pillars, a width of 25 yards has been found to stand secure, and the proportions of 10 by 10 yards equal to 1,000 square yards fur each pil- lar left in each area or 35 by 25 yards, equal to 1,225 square yards, being in the proportion of one pillar to every 12, exesvated. In the case of crushing, it generally begins by cracks or breaks at the contort of the pillars, and then cracks oome on in the roof; but in this state the rock salt generally adheres to- gether, but the roof "creeps" nearer to the floor and the parts of the shafts which are in rock salt become smaller in diameter. The temperature of the rock salt spines is very moderate, and n'iust be pleasant at ell times to work in, so that eight hours' labor daily cannot be con- *idered a hard task. In Cheshire the temperature, at depths between 110 and 160 yards, varies from 48' to 55° Fehr. with the dry bulb thermometer, and be - twee 44° and 53° with the wet bulb, the hydrometrical difference between the wet and dry bulbs varying between 1° and 6' but variations have been found with both bulds; depending updh the part of the mine iu which the observa- tion was taken, the number of miners' lights, shots, etc. As to the actual thickness of the rock salt, in some places in Cheshire it is said to be nearly 30 yards thick in the top bed and the same in the bottom one; but at Marston and Wincham it is about 30 yards, whilst further south the • top bed decrease. 5 yards in a r,uarter of a mile, and at the most southerly pits the top bed is only 16 yards in thickness. But the total thickness of all the beds and lumps is es- timated at about 180 ft. At the present time work is going en much as usual; but no one can say how long this will be the case, for the subsidence going on not only threatens the immediate locality of the mines, but the town of Northwich as well. whilst the greatest anxiety is i felt by the inhabitants both in the town and district, seeing that the locality is completely honeycombed by abandoned salt mines, whilst the subsiden'e has been such that houses and buildings and chimney stacks that once were connect- ed with the salt works have disappeared, or merely show what were once their lofty summits. This, Jila -*ir 4a1 j; cb iirea'e Wag In addles 1.s IMO the 1b► entarest, o ors bgrey sb.i years Ilan ever be- ?Whew e-1 %.tai utaanis aro Mead of the ear - prim et mow .f gess poor l►ttja lore trues alike bead never been out 't,(the crowded alleys and comets where i they were bore, at their first sight of the woods and tarter. "Oh, look r' one cried, "there's apple. on trees!" She had never seen them except in trays at provision shops. Another child stand delightedly at thegrawboppers jumping through the hut meadows. " Are they rabbits 1" she aid. Another followed the farmer as he went out fur vegetables for dinner, aad Mara. back tiered to her companion.. "He dug the perttters out of the ground and didn't pry • cont'" Many of the cbddres maks warm friends among their kind entertainers and are invited back summer after sem- raw to the same houaea (Jue little de- formed girl, ill with lung diasses, was taken three years ago to a breezy farm bows on the hills of Clinton County, Pennsylvania. She was only invited for a week, but her gentle waye and pale, appealing face, touched the hearts of the good farmer and his wife, who kept her during most of the summer, trying the effects of the country --good nursing and above all, wholesome food, upon her she began too mend. The next May, with the tint warm day, the fernier drove the spring wagon into the miserable court where she lived for "little Nelly." He saw her mother, a widow, who supported three children by slop -work. The friendship grew be- tween the families, whb were honest, God-fearing people. This summer the widow is in a tenant house on the farm and is well provided with work which pay' her well. She is comfortably set- tled for life, and little Nelly is growing stout and strong. Hundreds of such in- cidents could be told to show how wide- spread are the good effects of this most beautiful of all chanties. The Muskoka election perplexity is not yet set at rest, although it bas been before the Judge of this county for three days past for 'settlement. The recount has resulted in a tie between the candi- date., with the reserved decision of the .fudge upon certain written and dis- figured helots. The rejection of the written ballots will give Mr. Miller a majority of fifteen, but their acceptance, ar.d the rejection of the disfigured bal- let: will elect Mr. O'Brien by a still larger majority. The elwition law very clearly points out, however, that the ballots most be printed. Wasters Daraeas of Wild sherry. The great remedy for consumption. This well-known remedy is offered to the public, sanctioned by the expen- _ooe of over forty years; and when re- sorted to in sawn, seldom fails to effect a speedy core for coughs, oold., croup, bronchitis, in6oena, whooping enDough, hoarseness, pains or soreness in the alma or side. bleeding at the lungs, liver complaint, etc. Beware of coun- terfeits ' Remember that the genuine Wisier's Bekaa of Wild Cherry has net ibe outside wrapper the *misters of "1 Butt," and the printed nesse of the }sapritore, "Seth W. Four ! lions, aooMM000s All others are haw itaise- tinas. Examine the wrapper caretelly before purchasing. 50 errs and til a bottle. Skold by all dealers immorally At fire at 103 Washington street, New York, on Friday, paiomnan ilt p- nolds saved the lives of eight childrelb1 having forced his way into a herniae building and s•ding on a window sill, caught then) sn em as they were dropped frons above ease alrw,N Is ',Herod for any earn of Catarrh that can't he cured with Hall's Catarrh Core. Taken infernally. Price 75 cent& For sale by (!serge Rhvnas. sole agent for Oerlerieh 114't tm Purr aperea. If there is anything which makes a person repulsive and loathsome to those of pure, clean mind, it is the indulgence in curse, low speech. It is a fault which would meet with no quarter, be - 1 cause it is a heinous sin in God's sight. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God," and the reverse of this is just as true. A God of purity will not receive into his house of light those who habitually indulge in such vileness. Par- ent► cannot be ton watchful or guarded in this respect. A child should be checked as quick for a low word as for a profane one. He should be made to see I its sinful, degrading tendency, no mat- ter from whose lips he has caught it. A father's example even should be no ex- cuse, though it is hard making headway against ouch an example. A gond mo ther will try, hbwever and never gi-e over trying while life lasts. It is most emphatically true that ' as the mother se is the daughter," and so is the son to a great extent. She gives the keynote to the moral none of the house- hold. Never let a word or a thonght cross your lips that could sully, the white page of a child's heart. There should be no middle groeud here; the parleying with evil. A mother who loves her child as she does her life may blacken its soul to all eternity by her thoughtless speech. Do not let neighborhood san- dal be rehersed in your child's hearing— no, not if you offend the greatest gossi- ger in the place; and I know it takes some courage to face her wrath, bnt it is better than to destr"y your child's pur- ity. 'Never think the city has the whole monopoly of moral evil," said a lady to me very sadly about a bright young nephew. "The boy was ruined by the talk of the men in his father's hay Geld. " If iniquity comes in like a flood, thus is it doubly needful to set up a standard against it. It is not hard; only nuke the fountain pure. "Abhor that which is evil, and dem to that which is good. Never let a hew jest in year presence to was oarwlukod, and never a wort frets your own itp. that is not pure and sweet However had the world may lank to the children wises they go oat in it, f.t tee be ere bright, fair ntwory of per - tad parity to which they can always re- vert. Let "my mother" be the sya- uaym of awl that wss excelleat and of gond repset, is stanchest refetati.at of ale sig that Mere is no tree gnod nems M- the verist." Thrnagh the p -resent month of jnly the Stomach and Rnwels are very liable to hetvene deranged. The peeper pre- ventative is Dr. Canon's Atrenseh and Constipation Ritter'. for b7 their hem the Digestive Organs are invlerrated the /towels kept regular and the Blood ren- dered pure and enol Sold in large hot. ties at 50 Bents by .11 dons/60.a (7.,i Rhyne,. agent. O'4sr,o4 enseplineime Is $ welbder1el thug, et w unt s. t.t aa.slla Why 1 Her lam . kp , 'e. . , are. weed tai drag i a voea te deep; as ap siaiotest to keep body atm •ctrl _th. boodw sip► r.1t► ed. ..mid alga ►shales of Utx. us se Ilse ease may 11e s t1 ; it spot situ Ss asks you at► s nlhaadstie triad. lib/ do we sly thus 1 Because Phospbattw supplies a want, till eery lwti'crties the system u tent- ing and yearning for. It is not • medi- cine, bat nutriment instantly aoay.rbed into blood, bone and tissue. It is also delicious to the taste_ Try it. The re- sult is M oertain es th.t cause end WIWI go hand in hand. All druggists. Lew - DIM A Co., Sole agents for the Domi- nion, 58 Front St. East. Toronto. If Catarrh has destroyed your sane of smell and herring, Hall's Catarrh Cure will cure you. 75 oeuts per bottle. All d►uggists sell it. Far sale by George Rhynas, sole agent, Goderich. 1843-3m An honest medicine is the noblest work of nun, sad we eau assure our readers that Dr. Fowler's Yataact at Wild Strawberry is not any reliabls,bat is almost infallible to cure Chorea Mor- bus, Dysentery, Caaker of the Stoesaeh and bower., and the various Summer Complaints, whose attacks aro often sud- den sad fatal. 2. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internal - It acts directly upon the blood aad the oboes surfaces of the system. Pries 7b vest. Forlir ty George Rhyne, sol. agent for (fisie%-'. 1043-3m RHEIIATISN, I..i./sia, Swede% Lasts44 /acitacho, Sarwaest of 1h Boat, Quinsy, Sew Throat, Sat— ins* and Sprains, Burns and Sca/d*, Bonaral Bodily Pain*, Tooth, Ear and I/*adache, trotted Foot and Ears, and all othep Pain* and Achy*. Xe Pr•paratlea an Girth tweak h. June en. r • safe, ewes, Dumas wet Asap Itataaasi heady. a trial entails bet elle soneaeeMy trillim outlay.( vis Oats, mid wary see Sr.sea lit Gia ban chose spodgy* prom' Dtreet►oar to Alma Laeomg w. SOLD BY ILL D1117430111TBAIDDEILEAS NEDIOLIL A. VOGELER & CO,. Mat,. U. i.1. ARRIYAJJS. CANTi-.D ('ORN BEEF, LURCH SONG UE, ENGLISH BRAWN POTTED TONGUE, BEEF, r ll.A1l C'HIC'KEN FRESH SALMON AND LOBS(ER' A FINE A88ORTMENT OF Christie Brown & Co'E BISCUITS AND CA KF.S. TEAS, SUGARS an Pure pioe•. TRY1 THEM Chas. A. Nairn. BEST WIEAT ass ONALJ$ LAI Mae 000118 em When' Pacific R. R. es MINNt£$OTA, DAKOTA, amen MONTAN& BIG CROP WIN IN NM Law RUM, Lase Tulgoligashe sea teeseem stews : nenueas Fame AND Pitaiewr TO a.v,tsaa tree FULL esseamenen, wens= R. M. Ncwtao.T, dins Lame law ea orm. tom Tiro* S, PAUL. Mirssa BOOTS AND SHOES 't ♦t I sg'Ndemg Eshabliabr, " boo Store is Tow a, r 'f✓ s et S to srs11 tbRatosf fastIdidaf •ad thye newt aeoan lbuyer y! MY SPRING STOCK Is now comple.,e, and I take pleasure in informing my ewto►sen t►at at no pre- vious Mae have I bad such a Large & Varied Stock As st pretrial I have raised the Standard of Quality and Lowered the Price unt it is a positive fact that no such value in foot wear can be gut slsewk re. CUSTOiif WORK of every:grads still receives my prompt and careful aiestios, and will be ma s up in the most approved styles by first -chis workmen, tad of the very beat material obtainable. Lames and Mise, Boob Heil play At time of purchase if w desired. FreM of charge, D 0 "RT- N z N G Crabh's Blank, Cur. Es slnolln,.I.ffit j W. 8. Hart & Co. Chilled Plow' toROPR1RTOR9 0l ?HZ —AND--- I Goderich MIS AGRICULTURAL WORKS. Hsvilnas _p.r'skaaa4 t$.Oelor te rekti roundry, of r YKN es seats. XIII mark ant tie aid. General Ra wt $LpM eon Dr. D. Rwssrtlraafe ale easy ass amhortvt to eotleet paresems end g$ws reeedpts on be belt of the late Lm of l stmaa • Oe., an ell persona indebted see requested to doves them eel ves accordingly. 8. SEEOMILLER. Proprietor. LATE PIPER'S.) theme i10 rein their thanks to the Maio for patronage received during the past year. and lo stale they are prepared to do JR STI N(1 - on the shortest notice, or for the oonvaaaissss of pis -ties living at a distance wW exchange grists at their town store .Late W. M. Hillierd's, ) Masonic Mock, ]lost et. Oodericb. }.*Highest price paid for wheat 'lig HARDWARE GO TO C K Jar - Pr' rir' ilk 'On 1111. 4rif TO BUY YOUR— Farmers' Hardware YOUR Builders' Hardware YOUR -- KNIVES OUR -- KNIVES FORKS AND SPOONS, In fact, everything you want in his line. EE IS BOUND TO SELL CH►E A This Spring and Summer. See his FENCE WIRE, the beet yet. R_ W_ Mc==INTZSE GREAT BARGAINS! BOOTS AND SHOES! GREAT CLE&RING SALE FOR 30 DAYS Previous to stock taking s AT CAPRELL'SBOOT AND' SNOT FMPORIUM Parties waatiag -!.ap goods ahonM cat! at ono-. Having ..eared Mt .lass war 1 am prepared to 15saf.t,,'s 1, s. -d.,, Nothing but First Clau Materiae 'geed, A C+ cod. Fit teed. WM CAMPBELL. QNurtcb . leylar. tial GET YOUR P INTjj(} OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, P esters, Circulars, Cards. Ate PRiN TED AT TAR (•TFiCFOF THE HURON SIGNAL !Porth Atr..t,;Aedae'Isl.