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The Brussels Post, 1962-11-22, Page 2.'eneteeeeeneeeere PROFILE OF COURAGE — Stefan Cardinal Wyszynskl, representing the Roman Cath- olic Church of Poland, kneels in prayer in Rome, where he is attending the current ecumenical council" stopped at Brussels, Another from Berlin ended at Aachen. Renter saw his chance in the 100-mile gap. In a dovecote above a house belonging to a friendly brewer, baker, and pigeon-breeder Reu- ter, his_ wife and 13-year-old son Franz eagerly untied small silken bags secured under the wings of Heinrich Geller's pigeons .as they flew in from Brussels. In the bags were tissue-paper reports of the latest Paris stock prices telegraphed to Brussels from Paris. Reuter himself ran with the messages to the station telegraph ()Mice to pass them down the line to Berlin and other German cities. But the telegraph gap gradual- ly narrowed. When it was only five miles wide Reuter gave up his pigeons and installed relays of horses. The gap closed -- just after Christmas, 1850, some nine months after Reuter had waited for the first pigeon. Reuter, his pigeons, and his horses were out of business. From Aachen, Reuter went to London in 1851, and the telegra- phic era in news transmission dawned, A telegraph line link- ing England with the continent of Europe had just been com- pleted, The stock exchange welcomed the fast and reliable service of commercial news Reuter started to bring in from the continent, but when he tried to. set up a general news service he met with much resistance frpm the English newspapers, It was not until 1858 that he persuaded six newspapers to take two weeks.' free trial service. It was an instant success, and at the end of the trial period Reuter- was able to sell his news to the Londonnoih,press for a total of $120 an With the outbreak of the Civil War in America the 1860's brought fresh challenges and tri- umphs for Reuter. News from America was car- ried on the mail packet from New York, available equally to Reuter and his rivals. So he set up his own cablehead at the furthermost tip of south- west Ireland,"' Dispatches were peeked in watertight phosphor- escent canisters, which were dropped into the ocean off the Irish coast and picked up -by a Reuter agent in a small tender. The news was then telegraph- ed from the lonely Irish outpost to Cork, whence it was relayed over the normal Irish cable to London. Reuter thus established a lead over his competitors of at least eight hours. By 1872' there was a Reuter office in every important world center, with the impatient foun- der of the organization laying his own cables where no official communications existed, Cable • laying•— across moun- tains and deserts and under the seas—was a hazardous venture, Whales became entangled in the wires, nomadic tribesmen carried off the posts, but somehow the news got through, But, however else Reuter gave rein to imagination and ingenu- ity, he never took risks with the facts. He knew that accuracy, honesty, and impartiality were the only possible foundations for his news service. These princi- ples ,are still those of the present- day Reuters, In 1891 Queen Victoria recog- nized a German barony which had been conferred on Reuter, who had become a British sub- ject soon after his arrival in Efigland. Sociable, restless, ever-active— a popular figure in Victorian so- ciety—Baron Reuter passed on at his villa in Nice, South of France, in 1899, aged 82, and his own or , ganization carried the word to London. During World War II—in 1941 —control of Reuters' passed into the hands of the newspaper in- dustry itself and, it became a non- profit co-operative with a board of directors appointed by the newspapers. After the war the. United Kingdom newspapers were joined by those of Austra- lia and New. Zealand. Today Reuters distributes its news over a far-flung network of. leased cable and radio channels —some 8,500 miles of physical telegraph' line in Europe alone. In skating over thin ice our safety is in our speed. —Ralph Waldo g'rtrargalt IkE Pa WHO'SLEEP5 UNDEg THE COFFEE TASLS — STAMPS .UP! King Tut Was Headline News 40 Years Ago • / I Discovery of the treasure tomb of Tutankhamen in Egypt's Valley of the Kings 40 years ago this November was the stuff of which headlines were made in a less crisis-ridden time. Lord Carrtarvon and British archaeologist Howard Carter brought to light perhaps the most comprehensive collection of ancient Egypt's art and craftsmanship ever to' be found, The then tremendous valuation of $50 mil- lion was given as oh estimate of the trove's worth. Fash- ions followed the headlines, and for a while milady in- dulged in hair styles, cosmetics and clothing designed to give the "King Tut" look, Above entrance to the tomb, below! "sacred 'cow," ornament from the burial couch. • ► ► ► contemporaries to the develop- ment of world communications and present day-standards of news reporting. In these days of cable and radio channels spanning contin- ents it is difficult to appreciate the impact of the newly invented "electric telegraph" on the world of Julius Reuter more than a century ago, That its wonder is now taken for granted is a measure of the achievement of Reuter, who had the genius to seize on its possi- bilities when many others thought it nothing more than an unreliable and costly "gimick," Until Reuter literally electri- fied It with his telegrams, the transmission of news had been a leisurely business. The report of Napoleon's pass- ing reached Europe from St, Helena nearly two months after. the event. A London newspaper claimed an astounding record in announcing Wellingstan's victory at Waterloo, 240 miles away, only four days after the battle. In a few brief years Reuter transformed the transmission of news—and more besides—by his visionary use of the new means of communication, which prob- ably had more potent effects on. the social fabric of the world than any since the invention of the printing press. Reuter was born in 1816 in the German town of Cassel, the son of a rabbi. Restlessly iii search of scope for his talents, he traveled ,to Paris, where he set up a Small news agency which sold extracts front leading Vrench jotirliale to provincial newspapers in Ger- many. The enterprise failed. He went to Aachen, still deter- triined to, find success in the ex= panding Europe of the leric149th century with its ambitious poll, tical intrigues: and feverish fi- nanc:al'activity" A telegraph fine hem Paris When Abraham Lincoln fell to an assassin's bullet in. Ford's Theater, Washington, April 14, 1865, the news took 11 days to reach Europe. But it helped to make fhe reputation of a man whose name is probably more widely known today than any other in the field of international journalism. He had "scooped" all his rivals with the news that shook the world. The man was Paul Julius Reu- ter, whose pigeon-post begin- nings in Aachen, Germany, more than a century ago evere be cele- brated this October by the world- wide wire service which bears his name, A ceramic plaque unveiled on a house in that ancient Rhine- land city recalled that there in 1850 Paul Julius Reuter, a young German of humble origin, laun- ched what today is a great news empire on the wings of 40 mes- sage-carrying pigeons. -Today the name Reuter sign- ifies a global organization com- manding a complex system of news collection and distribution aided by the latest techniques in radio and cable communications. It is a name printed daily in thousands of newspapers throughout the 'world as the signature on news messages. In the Aachen ceremony Julius Reuter's pigeon post was com- memorated some three months after his successors marked the organization's entry into the space age—in August, 1962—by "bouncing" messages across the Atlantic via the American com- munications satellite Teletex. Reuter's pigeon Post was mere- ly a brief chapter in the colorful career of a man who contributed more than most of his European Getting The News For 112 Years WATCH THE PASSING PARADE — Standing on top of the Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow's Rea Square, Soviet officials view parade marking the 45th anniversary of Russia's. Great October Revolution. From left; Defence Minister Marshal Radian Malinovsky, Premier Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev and Frol Koxlov. EVER HAPPEN TO YOU? By Blake Royal - Photographer Reveals, Secrets Mrs, 4,4 *4 Sheridqn. recently took ie series of photographs of Prince Andrew, younger son of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, which delighted readers of newspapers and magazines the World over, In this intereieto with a Christian Science Monitor correspondent, she talks of her experiencee in 'photographing children, and of her "Day with Prince Andrew,' the title of a book of her pictures recently published in London; When Mrs, Lisa Sheridan opene ed the doer of her private office to let me out, a chubby baby in blue rompers hopped in. "Hello," she said, The babe reached up with two hands and gave a smile which would have rejoiced the heart of any photographer. "Is she a model?" Mrs. Sher- idan asked the mother. She had brought her along to see whether she would be suitable, the moth- er explained, "I think she's a certainty," Mrs. Sheridan told her assistant.. "Book her up," I would have been surprised at all this if I had not seen the no- tice in the studio window; "If you think your child is photo- genic bring. her along to the studio any afternoon between 2:30 and WO." • Mrs., 'Sheridan's pictures of Prince Andrew and Queen. Eliza- beth filled the window, In the spring of 1962 she went to Wind- sor Castle and Buckingham Pa- lace to take the first major series of pictures of Queen Elizabeth's youngest child, and the result delighted people throughout the world. Mrs. Sheridan has photograph- 0 Queen Elizabeth and her sis- ter Princess Margaret since the Queen was 10, and the Princess five years of age. She was invited to Royal Lodge, Windsor, by the Duke and Duchess of York four years after she and her husband came to London—penniless. Mrs. Sher- idan set up her photographic studio and her husband worked in a bank, They had both been brought up in St. Petersburg (now Len- ingrad). They left at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution and were later married in Paris. The Queen, remembering how successfully Mrs. Sheridan had photographed her and Princess Margaret while they were grow- ing up, sent for Mrs. Sheridan when it came tithe to take photo- graphs of the young Prince Charles, Princess Anne, and later Prince Andrew. The most popular picture was one of the young Princess Anne in long trousers climbing into a small window from a ledge, pull- ed in by the Queen and with Prince Charles outside alert to catch her if she slipped. Then Prince Charles climbed in by himself. He is seen in the photo- graph holding on precariously with the Queen ready to give a hand from the window but watching. first to see if he can manage without aid. "Royal pants slipped a bit showing a few inches of bare back," Mrs. Sheridan said. "Pea- ISSUE 47 — 196 pie loved the informality Of. it."' The most popular picture in her new book, Mrs., Sheridan feels, will be one taken in what she calls the "peekaboo" series, where Prince Andrew crept onto the floor behind the nursery couch and peeped over the tap looking very mischievous, Her albums include many charming studies of Prince Char- les and Princess Anne when they were young, The young Prince Andrew, she says, is naturally fearless, and not at all shy, He is fortu- nate in having parents who do not hamper his efforts. When he climbs he is encouraged to be self-reliant. If he falls there is no anxious rush to soothe and examine him. When additional safety measures have to be tak- en, this is done without "undue comment or emphasis." Queen Elizabeth's insistence on letting her children develop in a natural, boisterous manner makes for good pictures, Mrs. Sher- idan feels. The young Prince's attack on the high stone steps on the ter- races at Windsor Castle gave some good action shots, He climbs over the lawns round the central fountain at Windsor, "not so easy for a small boy always in a hurry," she says. He falls down, rolls back with a merry laugh, dogs tumbling after him, He tries again and again as long as his interest lasts. Animals help to produce a good picture, Mrs. Sheridan feels, since they take the child's atten- ' don from himself. She pointed out a picture of the Queen and Prince Andrew with the corgi dogs en the castle steps. Prince Andrew is looking at the dogs to see how they are behaving. The result is an unselfconscious pic- ture of the Prince. To be with the young Prince, Mrs. Sheridan says, is "a merry experience." Far from having to wait for a smile, she often found herself having to wait for a less boisterous mood. One of the quieter moments came when the Prince, holding his Teddy bear upside down, put a chubby finger across his lips and whispered "Sssshi" indicating his favorite bear was asleep. "He finds adventure every- where," she said, "whether lean- ing over the pond, romping with the 'big Fellah,' his favorite toy rabbit, or standing up in his nur- sury chair shouting, 'Look, no hands!' Prince Andrew, like the other royal, children, loves to ride with his mother in the ponycart which delighted Princess Marg- aret when they were young. "W h e n photographing chil- • dren," Mrs. Sheridan said, "I think the main thing is to make them feel at home. I do not am- use them. They should amuse themselves." Then she added with a chuckle: "I have my tricks, of course. One is here," She turned to a picture of Prince Andrew examining the harness of a pony. "I put a daisy under the harness, which imme- diately excited his curiosity," she said. Mrs. Sheridan invites mothers to bring babies to her studio. From their photographs she chooses those seen in the adver- tisements of many nationally known baby foods. "I love all young things," she said. "In fact I love every living thing," She feels that between two and three is one of the best ages to photograph children; they lack self-consciousness and yet have a certain amount of showmanship. A public right cannot be changed by private agreement. —Law Maxim. Twinkle, Twinkle Brand.New $tarl. With its bright lamps winking like monster fireflies, a new U.S. satellite orbited the earth . last Month, providing mapmalt- ers with a subtle tool to. make the first precise mcpsorommits of the true distances between, cities, the location of ocean is- lands, and the exact size and shape of the earth. The lamps are filled with xenon gas, which is sparked upon radio command by an elec- tric current to. produce a light' of a million candle power. Be- cause , the beaeans. will be off most of time time, and since cl.h flash lasts only one-thousandth of a second, it is all but impos- sible to see the satellite, chris- tened ANNA 1-B (ANNA 1 fail- ed to orbit), with the naked eye But scientists throughout the U.S., by photographing the flashes against the background of the stars, will be able to de- termine the exact position of the Satellite Then, using star charts, slide rules, and simple trig- onometry, they will be able to pinpoint the exact distances be- tween the stations, Other na- tions, including the Soviet Un- ion, are being invited to help track ANNA. Eventually, with s uah worldwide cooperation, geodesists hope to work out the precise distances between any two points on earth. "Right now estimates of the distance between such places as New York and Mosoow are near- ly as much as a mile off," Owen Williams of the Air Force Cam- bridge Research Laboratory said last month. Williams, who di- rected the design of the. beacon -system aboard ANNA (an acro- nym for the sponsors, Army, Navy, NASA, and the Air Force), predicted that the satel- lite would cut this inaecuracy. to less than 100 feet. "The military implications of this are obvious," he commented. "But. the scien- tific aspects are far more intri- guing. For the first time in man's • history, he may finally learn where everything is on his planet." When Kit Carson Kept A Promise Kit and his good friend Dick Owens for some time had -"con- cluded they had rambled enough" and wanted to settle down. They had talked of getting a land stake, on the Little Cimarron ,about fifty miles from Taos and building a ranch which might one day grow into a settlement. Dur- ing the winter they made their plans and started building in the spring. After four. 430rabS oR; hard work they had put up a home, several small huts for the Mexi- can woricc'rs, and fenced in .a large corral. A crop, SONYA in the. rich bottom land, showed pros- pe.!ti: for a good harvest of Everything was progressing well when the unexpected hap- paned. An .express arrived from Captain -'.Fremont reminding Kit of his promise to join any future expedition he might make. Fre- mont was then at Bent's. Fort . preparing :for a third expedition • to the West, this one to last per- imps two years, with significant .political as well as scientific pule- pose. It was not easy for Kit to put aside his dream of .a home and life of comparative • tranquility for another• long absence from Josefa. but in3 once was honor-bound, Owens was eager to go along,. They sold their holding for less than half the value, sacrificing -few months' labor as. Well as the filInCIS used to purchase stock and equipment. Within four days after Fremont'e message was. received, the two. pioneee farmers had made an about face and were spurring their horses toward. Raton Pass, — From "Great Westerner; The Story of Kit Carson," by Bernice Blackwelder. He Gave A Finger For The Cause The Japanese, it is often said, are prone to go off the deep for a cause. Star-crossed lovers leap with arms entwined into the crater of Mount Fuji; during' the last war, Japanese kamikaze pilots gained world, fame for their suicidal dives on U.S. war- ships; hara - kiri (disembowel- ment) is still considered an hon- orable way to die in the land of the Rising Sun. In fact, such devotion to causes, lost and otherwise, is so commonplace in. Jape's that last month's illustration caused hard- ly a ripple. Police picked up a 17-year-old ultra-nationalist stu- dent named Kiyoshi Tsujiyama near Premier Hayatio Ikeda's office; He was carrying a bloody' envelope. Inside was Tsuj'l- yama's little finger, which he told arresting officers he had chopped' off only a few minutes earlier in order to show Ikeda, the evidence of his "determina- tion to fight against Commun- ism." With a muffled yawn, 'the po- lice turned him over to the Tokyo juvenile court authorities, Obey the traffic signs — they are placed there for Y 0 U SAFETY, • ,•;':,'..::: ..i;s IN,A FAST LEAGUE —Geraldine Page mid bear' Mottiri are bent in topnotch. perforMarices ih this sCend froth their new film, Toys in the Attic." Costcirring with them is Wendy +liner So •aware is Dino of the acting competition' by Wendy and Geraldine, that he actually ttticlk•r1 his lines,