The Brussels Post, 1962-10-18, Page 30.0.'eeefeafe'esse
,amkti>*&# tx:wm.
later, the ma has 97.000. Heduc,,
tion in size ,1413 thus become of
paramount Importance. And here
economical nature knows all the
answers.
In other words, machines are
tending more and more to re-
semble living systems, The de-
velopment of high-speed, high-
capacity electronic computers
or "mechanical brains" -,., means
providing something almost as
Intricate as a network of living
nerve cells!
itev. It. 11.. Warren, 0.A., 0,0.
The COUILSVIOr Within
John, 0:10, X7, 25, 26; /61 4.14
Romans 8: .147
Memory Scripture: 4.ep en('
a,nd be baptized evory one of you
in the name of Jesus Christ for
the remission of sins, and ye
shall receive the gift of the floly
Ghost. Acts 21 38
committee. In the early eimch,
when they had a problem, they
Went to prayer. When James
had 'been Put to death by .Bing
Herod. and Peter was iinpfj,s-A
.orted "prayer was made without,
ceasing by the church unto 004
for him." God sent an angel wad
released Peter,
Jesus hes sent the Holy Spirit
to dwell in us. He makes real
to Us the bons fits available
through the deatll and resume:*
(ion of Jesus Christ. He con-
victs us cif sill, righteousness and
judgenent. When we believe, He
bears 'witness with cur spirit
that we are the children of God.
Through the Holy Spirit we are
enabled to mortify the deeds of
the body and, live holy unto God.
Does the Holy Spirit live in us?
.4'
LONG SESSION ON CAMPUS - U.S. Army soldiers catch some rest during their lengthy
stint of duty on the campus of the University of Missistippi. The troops were ordered to
keep the peace following the enrollment of James Meredith at the schooL
THE FARM FRONT
Jo612uszell
Throughout the church today
there is an increasing interest in
the teaching 'concerning the Holy
Spirit. Church leaders are fully
aware that the church is not
nearly as effective as she should
be, Is it that the Holy Spirit is
not dwelling in us as • He wills
to do? A long term convict re-
cently released from peniten-
tiary, tells of the change which
has taken place in his life over
the past eighteen months, Yet,
he is not interested in organized.
religion, Perhaps one of the dif-
ficulties is that the church is too
thoroughly organized, but lacks
the living presence of the Holy
Spirit. A comment 'was made by
one who :attended the last World
Council of Churches at New
Delhi, India, that .not .even the.
Holy Spirit could get into the
Assembly .without the assent • of
the main committee.
The early church had very
little formal organization, but it
was very effective, It was the
Holy Spirit that led Philip out
into the desert to witness to the
Ethiopian eunuch and that led
Peter to the house of Cornelius
to present the message to the.
Gentiles. While the church. wss
• ministering to the Lord and fast-
ing at Antioch, the Holy Ghost
said, "Separate me Earnabas and
Saul for the work whereunto I
have called them." Thus Paul
started forth an the first of his
great missionary tours, Again, it
was the Spirit who directed him
to enter Europe with the Gospel.
Now, when the church has a
problem - hod it has plenty. of
- them e- it refers the problem to
OR Shortage
Before Long?
Unless more ell is found in
Canada, domestic and foreign
• markets by 1979 will be taking
just about all the oil Canada can
produce.
With. oil production at an .all-
time high this year, the industry
is now producing at 53 per cent
of its potential. At the present
rate of discovery, it will be pro- -
clueing 80 per cent of. Its poten-.
tial by 107.0. Forecast demand
for Canadian-produced oil eight
years hence is one million bar-
rels a day while the forecaet •
producibility is only 1,260,000
barrels a day,
Because it usually takes - six to
10 years before exploration work
results in new oil production, it
isn't a moment too soon to begin
building up reserves for 1970, the
Review warns. To do this,. the oil -
industry must boost its present
annual exploration budget from -
the $250 million now being spent
to $300 million by 1970, accord.-
Mg. to the imperial Oil Review.
The geologists, geophysicists, the
wildcat and development drillers
are busy.
During the last century, the
industry has drilled more than
60,000 holes with half - of them -
producing oil. Today there are
17;960 Canadian oil wells and
5,994 natural gas Wells capable
of production, By .1970, the artie
cle says, there will be many
more,
Upsidedown to Prevent Peeking.
WORK OF ART - Graceful
bow of the Italian luxury liner
Michelangelo towers above
Workers at shipyard launching
site in Genoa.
WHOP emnan CEIROES IDERQUE EM REDOUM U!! EEM MEW= MD OW EOM MOM MORDUEM MUM PEER EDEB EMMEN/ MOUBUIDE
MED MUM nun E0 UPOOR HMO
EP IDOEMEMAJ2 EMO-ma WEGIN4DMO
$46 an acre,
"Since there are 250 acres; and
one-fifth of the acreage would be
taken out of production, to lie
idle, I would get $2,300 for that
operation.
"With respect to the support
price of 18 cents a bushel, to be
paid 'to me on the remainder, I
would get $8.28 an acre, for 200
acres, or a total of $1,656. e
"In other words, I would get
nearly $4,000 for taking 50 acres
out of cultivation. That is about
$80 an acre for wheatland, which
Was being bought very freely for
less than that amount per acre
only a short time ago, . , ."
successfully on a number of
farms in Michigan last year and
this, but as yet only a very small
percentage of farmers say they
can afford to use them.
It is the large corporation
farm's that find machine picking
most profitable. An example is
the Green Giant Company, which
grows much of the produce it
processes. The company farms
nearly 170,000 acres from coast
to coast in units of 1,500 acres or
.mare and has found it profitable
to use machines for planting,
cultivating, and harvesting corn
and peas, '
Beans, too, are well on the way
to 100 per cent mechanization.
"This summer Green Giant experi-
mented with four-row harvesters
for beans. This company not
only makes maximum use of ma-
' ohinery but raises its own va-
rieties of vegetables suitable for
mechanical harvesting, Its suc-
cess with the robots indicates a
trend involving , great social
changes. ,
Sen. Clinton P. Anderson (D)
of New Mexico, former Secretary
of Agriculture, does not usually
speak out on farm legislation
since, as he says, he finds him-
self in opposition to his tern-
ocratic calleagges.
This makes what he had to say
about the administration's new
farm bill-now signed into law-
particularly significant, writes
Josephine Ripley in the Chrie-
tian Science Monitor.
He applied it to the farms
which he owns in New IVIexico,
one of which he sold this year
because he could not get a tenant
for it unless he participated. in
the wheat program, since it is
in the wheat area. e
He could not conscientiously
participate in. the program, 'he
told the Senate, because "it
would have paid 'me $44 an acre
for the full amount I took out of
production and $53 an acre
eibove that to let land lie idle,
when only a few years ago the
land was selling for less than
that per- acre,"
That was under the old pro-
gram. He said if he owned that
fent. now and operated it under
the prograin just, adopted, "I
would be given $1 a bushel for
46 bushels. I would start with
4
Machines have made their way
into the corn, cotton, pea, and
beet harvests with great success,
displacing thousands of seasonal
workers': But there are limits to
what machines can do for other
crops.
This yeaes harvest of fruits
and vegetables indicates that the
trend toward mechanization,
while clearly evident, is by no
means a rush, There appears, in
fact, a slowing up of the move-
ment toward automation, and
this is fortunate for the seasonal
Work force.
These are conclusions drawn
from reports gathered by the
United States Department of
Labor and froni individual inter-
views, ,,
One difficulty in the path to
automation. lies in the slowness
of the process of adapting plants
to the picking machines, accord-
ing to Richard B. Calhoun, chief
of faun placement, Illinois Em-
ployment Service. Take toma-
toes. They have a habit of grow-
ing close to the ground, and it
is hard far machines to reach
then. e
Said Mr'.' Calhoun: "There is,
need to breed plants that will
grow tomatoes off the ground
at a point where the machines
can reach them,"
He noted another horticultural
problem; Tomatoes and cucum-
bers don't ripen all at once on
the vines but require a number
of successive pickings. The me-
chanical pickers injure the vines
and diminish or destroy later
pickings. The need, therefore, is
for _stronger, machine-resistant
vines that can produce over a
less-extended period, No doubt
they will appear eventually, *
Corn now is grown which has
ears conveniently placed for the
picking machine, and dwarf
apple trees have been developed
Which lend themselves to har-
vesting froth a low stance, which
just about halves the time it *
formerly took so ,piolt the apples.
Asparagus is a crop that ap-
parently defies mechanization,
but a personnel carrier, moving
workers on a platform which
keeps them out of the mud, is
making tie job less unpleasant.
One result of the Use of car-
riens is an increase in the num-
ber of pepole to pick
asparagus, according to a Labor
Department lettlietiri.
Potato-, harvesting machinee
have displaced a considerable
number Of migratory workers in
recent months, Since one potato
harvester may do the work of 20
to 30 men, it is easy to see that
such machines 'greatly reduce the
need, for human labor, However,
the Machines are costly, and are
difficulty to use on hilly or rocky
rand.
In Maine, a great'petate state,
not Many fartneta 'have bought
Machines as yet. Bttt in North.
Dakota, with. Its flat fields, Morel
than 05 per cent; Of the harvest
is niechatiitedi atecirding to the
United States Department of
Labor,
Idaho finds tame of its potato'-
growing trews 00 per tent rite.
thanizecl riot Others only 50"Pet
Cent This state reports that if
Present trends continue; Within ,
the next year or tWe Only 20 pet‘
refit of the Migrant workers
formttry emiiloyed heed-
ed. a 4
Th eadat of theolishiistieri is a
Major 'deterrent, Cherry -arid
apple-tree shsiteri were
Of course, the marvellous com-
plexity of the human brain is
quite beyond compare, but scien-
tists
,
have been able to learn
much from just a LOW of its my-
riad functions, writes Basil Bail-
ey in "Tit-Bits".
One by-product is the con-
struction of the extraordinary
"maze-runner." This mechanism
learns, much as a rodent will,
how to find its way out of a
maze of Passages by a system of
"rewards and punishments."
Although it eanoat feel pain in
the physical sense, it will react
violently to eleetric shocks and
take good care not to make 'the
same mistake twice!
The nervous system of animals
is,' indeed, actually a kind of
digital computer , , with elec-
trioal inrpluses, or nerve fibres,
reacting to information received
through the senses.
Thus, research into how vari-
ous creatures collect, construe
and stare information is impor-
tant in the building of "thinking
machines."
Scientists, for example, are to-
day studying the transducers in
the car, which act as receivers
and also appear to select what
shall be relayed to the brain,
Then, at the U.S. Office of
Naval Research, another group
of learned men are trying to un-
derstand how and why some
birds and animals migrate over
huge distances with astonishing
accuracy,
The -answer, they believe, will
lead to the construction of better
and much Smaller mechanical
navigation and detection devices,
But it is in the field of medical
electronics' that the most start-
ling results may well be ob-
tained,
The body accomplishes many
of its functions through the joint
inter-action of millions of cellu-
lar units, Associated •with these,
there invariably exists an elec-
trical signal, or something extra-
ordinarily like it, which can be
converted into electricity by
means of transducers,
Electronic probes, tiny enough
to be injected in a vein or swal-
lowed as an indigestible pill,
have been used to stimulate• the
heart. These minute broadcast-
ing stations 'will also transmit
information, including tempera-
ture and, pressures to receivers
outside the body.
It is hoped that one day self-
powered transducers may be
swallowed or injected to replace,
control or supplement the action,
of physical organs which have
became defective, Even 'now„
they could have a battery life of
more ,than five years,
After all, artificial kidneys,
lungs, hearts and hearing have
already been employed for vary-
ing periods of time to help- a
patient's illness or trauma,
Just imagine it . . electronic
amplifiers and recorders small
enough to be carried around in
the pocket and minute transmit-
ters, which have been swallowed
like a pill 'or injected, which
would . at once. tell the owner
when and where he or she was
not "ticking over" properly!
There is no doubt information
from such probes would greatly
help doctors, who dream 'of 're-
gional health storage 'centres,
containing millions of health
records,
As Gordon Pask, of System
Research Limited, Richmond,
Surrey, pointed out recently:
"Bionics is a science which has
arisen because men realized that
a man-made environment must
have a morebiologiCal structure,"
$cierft144)-1,,!1
13qck To .Ncttore • •
Seientisle are recognizing mare
and more that nature is the best
guide to mechanical perfection,
And so, in 1960„ A new science
was borne-Bionics,
Tins is the art of applying the
knowledge of how living systems
and methods work to help solve
the complex engineering prob-
lems of today. Biologists and
engineers are being encouraged
to work hand in glove.
In, only two years, progress has
been fantastic „ ,
'"or instance, discovery of how
the eye of a certain beetle reacts
to changing lights has led to the
drawing up of a ground speed
indicator for aircraft, which op,
crates on just two of the luta-
drede of facets composing one.
beetle's eye!
Then, front the stalk-like eye
of the horse-shoe crab, an .elec-.
tromc model has been construct-
ed in the United States which
sharpens contrasts and is likely
to be applied to target recogni-
tion,
You see, the five senses pro-,
vided by nature are really blot-.
ogical transducers-or transistors
-although, of course, infinitely
more sensitive than anything en-
gineers have yet been able to
make.
Valuable work on optical'
is today being done by
Donald McKay at ' University
College, North Staffordshire;
while N. S, Sutherland of Oxford.
University and J. Z. 'Young and
others at , University College,
London, are primarily concerned
at the moment with the vision
of the octopus,
In America, a synthetic retina .
has just been designed which
duplicates the knowo functions
of a frog's eye, the structure of"
which is muoh simpler than
Man's. When completed it will
measure thirty-five inches across.
But it is the smallness and
compactness of the examples..
from life which is exciting most
interest, One • species of sand
flea can direct itself to the sea
on the basis of the moon's posi-
tion-performing by instinct al-
most unbelievably difficult navi-
gational computations, ,
Even the tiniest . man-made
guidance device weighs about
five pounds,
Smaller and smaller still is the
demand, and it is here that scien-
tists .can learn most from living
creatures,
Bats detect obstacles, as well
as their prey,' while flitting
through the air at tremendous
speeds in the dark. They do not
use eyesight, just sound waves-
quite inaudible to humans -
emanating from the larynx in
Some species, and from the nos-
trils in others.
They have, in effect,•their own
built-in radar.
A bat which has been blinded
will fly as well as ever. If its
astonishing little echo-locating
power could be reproduced and
manufactured, the handicap of
human blindness would be. con-
siderably reduced!
It has also been established
that' certain fish are extremely
sensitive to smells, as well as to
the slightest hint of electricity
jar the water, even many miles
away. But how?
The rattlesnake has an infra-
ped sensing organ in the pit be-
tween nostril and eye which re-
Wads to a change of tempera-.
ture as tiny as 0.001 • degree. cen-
tigrade.
Ten years ago, engineers would
have considered such phenomena
interesting, bat none of their
business, Now the ever-growing.
teraplevity of modern machines'
has driven them to Seek .more
and. more advice from nature--
tied to, imitate her ways;•
For instance„ the B17 aeto- .
plane of • 1040 had only 2,000
.1te-tronic parts, Twenty years
ISSUE 42 - 1962
FROM PIONEER DAYS -- Pirogue cut- from a walnut
21 feet long, was found in a bayou in ,Knox CoL,..cc-, . i :
dugout is believed to have been made by either cn fn tit
a pioneer French trapper. Local sportsman spy
was used in the area more than 100 years ego,
New Legal Problem
-How High The Sky?
Back in Roman times a citizen
whose neighbor built an over-
hang 'that extended over his
backyard fence could quote the
law: "Cuius est solum, eius est
useque ad coelum , ." (Who
owns the land, owns it up to the
sky.) By and large, it is a law
that has served civilization well
right up to modern times. Even
the advent of the air age did not
materially affect it, since the
Paris Convention of '1919 explic-
itly stated that "every power has
complete arid exclusive sover-
eignty over the airspace above
its territory." But where sputnik.
I was launched, ail earlier prece-
dents were.discarded.
Where does one draw the line?
The. case of 'Mae U-2 illustrated,
the dubious theory that "if you
can 'shoot it down, it has rio right
to be there." But it did nothing
to solve the problem of manned,
Or unmanned, satellitee whirling
through the heavens. And fixing
the limits, of space is just one
of the host of legal teasers that
has accompanied nian's leap into
the celestial world, For example,
who owns :Space? Are celestial:
bodies, presuming' they, are nine
inhabited, subject to colonization
by earthly powers? 'Can Russia
or America- legally plant a flag
on the moon? How does one
clahri donitkensatiOri far damage
frOhl satellites that may fall
from the sky?
Unfortunately, all attempts by
the TIN, Outer Spate Committee
(photo) to codify a binding, bask
outline have beebirie enmeshed
in the .cold war;
Thua; U.S. reconnaissance sa-
, tellites hate hotly aroused the'
Soviets, Who deriestriee there as
acts of aggieseloressid espionage,
Proposals to :fire the upperititeet
limits of 'liational sovereignty
have ranged. from '25 Miles to iii-
finity, One suggestion was that
the line should, be drawn at the
lowest altitude at which an arti-
ficial tifipbWe'red satellite ran be
put into orbit around the oettil
- setheWbei.'6- between; 70 'and
100
There it gerdWhig ,clistitiberite
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There is feat, that Miless• the
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'ground reads id aPa.de ek-;
to anonr lid reinoVe it front
earthly sefliSbblingso• mares' 'Veil,
turd; into heaOtit' have
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