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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1961-02-23, Page 6Drilling Through The Earth's Crust MISS WINGS — Charlene Clay- fee was named Miss Wings of 1961 at the 22nd annual Wings Over the World cdrshow and hostess beauty contest, Backward Look At A Boy Killer LESS THAN A PING PONG BALL — Engineers at the NASA Research Center gather vital in- formation concerning the effect of heat on the Project Mercury Satellite by testing this scale model which weighs less than a ping pang ball. The model is shown being readied for shock tunnel tests. Although the air blast lasts only 1/250th of a second, simulated temperatures of 10,000 'degrees F. are reached. This is about the heat that would be encountered by a spacecraft re-entering earth's atmosphere at 20 times the speed of sound. TA KS ity ,JamA BLE namw5 TAL . ruption of the native name Ny- Ala Ponga, meaning bamboo- eating bear, In the early nine- teen-thirties, two more were shot, Could a giant panda be caught alive? An American collector set out to try, but while waiting in. Shanghai for permission from the government, he died. His 'widow, in New York, Ruth Harkness, determined to 'use the money he left in realizing his great ambition. She went out to China in 1935 and set out with a young Chinese explorer, Quen- tin Young. For months they searched the bamboo forests between 7,000 and 17,000 feet high which are the panda's home. They saw nothing. Then one day they surprised a female giant panda in a tree. She made off. In the hollowed tree trunk, they found a baby panda. The mother did not return and Mrs. Harkness picked up the baby and nursed it. Eeal tnht.9 k; :Detects Earthquake -netecti‘res",..,men. whose job is the detection and recording of big and little eertequalces and tremors wher-, ever they ,occur in the world now believe that at least one million. earth tremors. of varying intensity take -place every year, Fewer than 2,004 of these hocks. have been detected an- nually up to now, however SO new detection equipment 0$ higher-than-ever sensitivity ha* had to be evolved for the user of seismologists. It is so good that they believe it will help them riot only to record all the world's earth- quakes but also to predict them and perhaps indicate their cauere This new hunt for earthqUakes will be well under way this autumn, Three hundred station., all round the world are already recording and interpreting earthquake data in a network that includes all the Iron Cur- tain countries — every centia, ent, in fact, It bps just been dis- covered that about 1,000 earth- quakes occurred in Chile in May, butthseem.nisioIogiats have been un- able to' identify more- than fifty of It is now known that earth movements • precede as well- as follow earthquakes. Professor A, C. Lawson; of the. University of California, has proved. that the earth in the Bolinas region, California, moved as much am twenty-four feet before the big earthquakes of 1858 and 1900 and that the movement was per- ceptible over a large area, The world's two bad -earth- quake spots today are; An area, lying between the eastern Medi- terranean and the Western Himalayas.; and an area lying a r o u n, d Japan and running through the mountain chains of South America. Some people in these -areas pin their faith not to the • sensitive instruments of seismologists but to what is known as the earth- quake plant, the wild abrus. This plant is so sensitive that it changes „colour when an earth- quake is imminent. First man to study the abrus was an Austrian baron named. Nowack who also claimed that it could predict thunderstorms. King Edward V was so inter- ested that he invited the baron to. Britain to display the plant — with what result history has left unrecorded. Mr., Frank V. Jeffries reported in 1927 that his body recorded distant earthquake treMora. Her said: "At certain, periods during the past 'five years when earth.- quakes have occurred Lhave felt tremblings, as it were, running through my whole body. The first experience I imagined to be 'a heart attack but I found my heart was beating quite nor- mally, which increased any won der. "It was a curious shaking as if someone were rocking my bed from side to side yet Out- wardly my body seemed free from any movement." Later,. he added, he found that these tremblings always coincid- ed with earth tremors in Ja- pan and elsewhere, To make the baby feel it was being cuddled by its mother, Mrs, Harkness put on a fur coat when holding it, All the other clothes they had were sacrificed to keep the baby dry as they worked their way through rain- storms, for the baby's fur 'was not yet thick enough to keep out the wet. On the way to the United States, Mrs, Harkness devoted herself entirely to the • baby. When it was exhibited in Chi- cago, it made a fantastic hit. Apart from the crowds trying to get a glimpse, shop windows were crammed with panda toys and its amusing markings made it a natural for comic s t,r i p artists. Unfortunately the baby died from over-eating in 1938, but Mrs. Harkness went to China again and caught another which settled down. Giant pandas are not aggres- sive, but when full grown they may weigh 300 lbs. — the size of a small lion — and have to be treated with great respect. and any outer leaves that appear tough. Lay artichokes on sides and cut just the very tips where they are prickly. Boil in 1 inch of water for.10 minutes. Drain. * STUFFING 3 cups dry bread crumbs 4-5 sprigs of fresh parsley, chopped Dash of pepper Salt to taste 1 clove garlic, chopped lA cup olive oil Mix all ingredients together (except olive oil) in a bowl. Spread artichoke leaves and stuff in each row as much of the stuff- ing as it will hold, Place stuffed artichokes upright in a shallow pan. Add ee cup Water to pan. Pour the olive oil over ,the tops of all the artichokes. Bake at 375°F. for 1 hour. Serve either hot or cold. * "This season 'when fall apples are on the market is a good time to put up applesauce for winter use. This is the way I make it," writes Mrs. Edith Leavitt, to the Christian. Science Monitor, SUPERIOR APPLE SAUCE Wish, peel, and core apples (number depends on quantity of sauce you want to make). Slice apples into bowl; cover with cold water. Put peels and cores into deep kettle; cover with cold wa- ter; bring to boil and cook until soft. Put through a coarse sieve. Drain apple slices. Pour sieved apple juice over apple slices, using % juice to % apples. Cook gently until mushy. Add about % as much ,sugar as you have apple pulp and juice; return to slow heat; mash as it cooks, un- til smooth. Put in hot, sterile jars. only while Awaiting execution,. did he work on his drawings" Young Starkweather had one real talent, the criminologist points out. He could use a gun. Rere was his ego's answer to his gnawing sense of failure. "I love guns," he told Reinhardt. "They give me a feeling of power that nothing else can match," When be first began to play with a gun, Charles said, he had no intention of becoming a mass killer, Nevertheless, he spent hours re-enacting in his imagina- tion killings he had seen In movies and on TV; he drew the gun. against the reflection of him- self in the mirror. "All the time, Charles' imag- ination was moving him into position of real murder. Imagin- ary people were prostrate at his feet to his intense satisfaction," says Dr, Reinhardt. "The time came when his inner ego de- mands could no longer be con- tained in a world of fantesy." Then Caril Ann Fugate, a pert teenager, came into his life. "I felt better after being with Caril; I belonged to someone. I never met a 14-year-old girl who knowed so much; she could talk like a grown-up woman, "We had to be together," the young killer told Dr. Reinhardt, "I wanted to take her far away." The need for money for the trip drove Starkweather to his first murder. The 50 days between the filling-station killing and the first day of the chain-murders was a restless, impatient inter- lude. "Everything was closing in on Caril and me; she was having toruble at home. Everyone was against us; so we had to shoot our way out." In the next week, driving a. succession of stolen cars, the youthful murderer killed Caril's mother, stepfather, and baby half-sister, along with a farmer, a Lincoln businessman, his wife and their maid, a teen-age couple, and a salesman. When his gun was empty, and Wyoming police Officers held Starkweather fast, he could only say: "These people got in our way. So I had to kill them all," Phsychologlsts called Charles Starkweather legally and men- tally sane. In this opinion, Dr. Reinhardt does not wholly agree. "His consuming hatred and mor- bid suspicions were not faked," he said. Much of his habitual be- havior in sessions with me, was definitely paranoiac." During the interviews Rein- hardt saw not a single sign of re- morse in the young killer. "Why did this happen to me?" he de- manded. "Why couldn't I find the life I heard people talk about? I haven't eaten in a high-class restaurant; I never seen the New York Yankees play; I've never been to Los Angeles." He shrug- ged: "It doesn't matter . . . I guess I never knowed about hap- piness no how," When arrested in Wyoming, Charles Starkweather wrote to his father; "Dad, I am not sorry for what I did, cause for the first time me and Caril had more fun ... All we wanted to do was to get away together . ." —From NEWSWEEK. ► "Very few men leave their footprints in the sands of time," says a teacher. Most of them are too busy covering up their tracks. ISSUE 46 — 1960 THEM GRAMMAR I. Did Shakespeare, asked So- cialist Norman Thomas recently, ever write a play entitled "Like You Like It"? The elder states- man of the Socialist Party offered this example to a sales execu- tives meeting in New York as he crticized advertising men for ruining the English language with superlatives and poor gram- mar. Citing the "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should" commercial, Thomas said it made him wish he smoked so he could quit smoking. His fellow school kids used to veil him "Bantam Red Head" when he longed to be "Dead Eye Charlie." He walked with a swagger that gave his short, bowed legs an exaggerated curve. His head hung low; he tee his eyes on the ground, He had no money, few friends, no regular job. On Dec. 1, 1957, this 19-year- old boy, Charles Starkweather of Lincoln, Neb., killed Robert Col- vert, a gas-station attendant. Fifty days later, Starkweather and his 14-year-old girl friend, Caril Ann Fugate, set out on a murderous trail from Lincoln to Douglas, Wyo., that lasted eight days and left ten other persons dead, For his shocking crimes, Starkweather was executed on June 25, 1959. Caril Fugate was sentenced to life in the Nebraska Women's Reformatory. In the past three years, psy- chiatrists and crime experts have tried to probe the secrets beneath Starkweather's behavi- or. The latest is Dr. James Mel- vin Reinhardt, criminology pro- fessor at the University of Nebr- aska, who spent .30 hours inter- viewing Starkweather in the penitentiary before and after his trial. His book, published last month, "The Murderous Trail of Charles Starkweather," is the most perceptive report on the strange nature of this young chain-killer. "Charles Starkweather was no ordinary criminal,". writes Dr. Reinhardt. "He did not inherit the murderous pattern that cast a horrible shadow over his own family, and those of his innocent victims, He belonged to no hood- lum gangs; he was not a sex maniac, he had no court record. Yet before he was 20, he had murdered eleven people." The youth's trouble began on his first day at school, the crim- inologist reports, In Stark- weather's own words: "The kids picked on me . . , they made fun of my bowed legs and my speech (he stammered) This brought on a bad mood. I would just sit motionless, in one place, in a gloomy manner. I built up a hatred as hard as iron," When Starkweather quit echool on finishing the ninth grade, "his sickening discontent had spread," writes Dr. Rein- hardt. "His ego was defeated and empty; he imagined himself re- jected by society. Life was worthless." Apparently it never occurred to the forlorn lad that "he might attain position and power by honest toil," He showed artistic talent, Reinhardt writes. "But Black-Eyed Beauty Really Priceless One animal, sure to draw the crowds at any zoo is the giant panda, the fantastic bear-like animal with two beautiful black eyes and black knee-boots which make it look irresistibly comic and cuddly. $35,000 is the price tag the London Zoo puts on its giant panda, Chi-Chi. But Chi-Chi is really pricelese. Not because of, box-office appeal anderarity, but because the Zoo may never get another. Giant pandas live in a small area of China and Can be captured only by permission of the Peking government, who are naturally reluctant to license the export of such a rarity. For centuries visitors to China refused to believe in the giant panda. They saw pictures -of the ''bamboo beat,' but its colouring. I seemed incredible, They thought what ancient Chinese artists had painted was a legendary animal, like the phoenix or gelIfote Then, ninety years ago, a French missionary talking to a Chinese magnate in southern China about this black and white bear, was persuaded it was a real animal, Excited hunters and collectors from Europe and America set out to find the animal alive. rtut one expedition after ati- ether failed to get even a glim- pse of it. Fifty years passed withottt a clue. Then two American hunterq suddenly came bn one of the s't'range createtes end shot it. They called it panda 'from a cor- "A squeeze of lemon juice" is one of the world's oldest season- ing secrets. It's as good on red meats and fowl as on fish and seafood. Fruits, leafy greens, green beans, asparagus, toma- toes and a great variety of soups often need just a sprinkling of lemon to spark a bright new fla- vor. At the same time, lemon, contributes lots of the ever-es- sential vitamin C. Lemon juice has lots of other kitchen uses, too. Well-known, of course, is the use of lemon juice to prevent the browning of peeled, uncooked peaches, apples, bananas, pears or avocados. Lem- on is also useful for keeping white vegetables — potatoes or eauliflower -- from turning col- or, A half teaspoon of lemon to a pint of cooking water is about right for this. MARINATED LAMB ROAST 1 teaspoon salt Y2 teaspoon rosemary leaves lh teaspoon ground thyme Y2 teaspoon ground, black ,,pepper 1 teaspoon whole cloves 1% teaspoons whole allspice 1 bay leaf, crumbled 1 teaspoon slivered lemon rind Z slices lemon 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice 2 beef bouillon cubes 2 cups hot water "5 pound boned and rolled leg of lamb 11s cup sliced fresh onion % cup sliced carrots 11/2 tablespoons flour 2• tablespoons cold water Heat first 12 ingredients to boiling point., Pour over lamb. Cool. Marinate in refrigerator 24 hours turning several times. Add vegetables, cover and bake in a preheated slow over (325°F) 2 hours or until lamb is almost tender, basting from time to time with the:marinade. Remove cov- er and bake 11 hours or until brown. Remove meat from pan. Strain gravy and thicken• with flour mixed to a smooth paste with 2 tablespoons water. Cook until slightly thickened. ' *61 pound leg of lamb with bone may be Used. Cooking time 4 hours. YIELD: 12 servings. * BARBECUED CHICKEN cup butter. 1% teaspoons salt 1% teaspoons ground thyme 11/2 teaspoons powdered mustfird 3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice ri teaspoon, grated lemon rind broiler chickens 1 E! teaspoons salt tettspoon ground black pepper In a small saucepan heat but- ter, salt, thyme, mustard and lemon juice. Sties and cook over low heat until butter is melted. Add grated lemon rind. Wash, split chickens, wipe dry and rub — all sides with the remaining 11/2 teaspoons salt mixed with black pepper, Place chickens on a grill over slow burning charcoal fire, Skin aide up, 2 inches from the coals, Stick half of a lemon on a long fork and using it as a baster, baste with the sauce as often. as chickens look dry. Cook until Chickens are tender arid evenly browned, 15 to 20 rein- utes, Serve hot. YIELD: 0' servings. STU144th A till C110BES ettielidices 'Wash artichokes,. Cut off stems Project IVIohole, the ambitious program to drill through the crust of the earth, is technically practical in. the opinion of one of the world's top petroleum geologists, This favorable assessment by a man familiar with the practi- cal problems of drilling deep holes should be encouraging to natural scientists engaged in the program. Ever since, the project was of- ficially leenehed by the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, critics have ex- pressed doubts about the feasi- bility of drilling several miles through the solid crust of the earth. The fact that the hole is to be bored through the deep ocean bottom with perhaps three miles of water between the drilling platform at the surface and the top of the hole only in- creased these doubts. In a paper read at the annual meeting of the British Associa- tion for the Advancement of Sci- ence, Dr. T, F. Gaskell, research associate in the exploration de- partment of British Petroleum Company, Ltd., gave an analysis of the practical problems which may help dispel the doubts. The project, he concluded, "does not call for more than doubling our present (drilling) capabilities so that although the achievement . . . may require new techniques, it is quite clear- ly within reach, . Explaining the Mohole project briefly, Dr, Gaskell noted that the earth is believed to consist of an inner liquid core surround- ed by a solid mantle, which in turn, is surrounded by a relative- ly thin outer crust. The aim of the project is to penetrate into the top of the mantle, Such a drilling is ex- pected to shed considerable light on questions of the earth's struc- ture, history and origin. The boundary between crust and mantle is called the Mohoro- vicic discontinuity, or "simply the "Moho." Thus the hole that will pierce this boundary, was dubbed "Mohole." The logical place to drill the hole is the deep ocean floor. Here the thickness of the crust is only .a few miles, compared to 20 or so miles under the con- tinents. Moreover, by drilling here, one can sample the deep sea sediments which overlie the bottom and which should con- tain an unbroken record of the ocean's history. However, the problems of drilling through several miles of crust are compounded by the dif- ficulty of handling the drill from a ship in the deep ocean. Dr. Gaskell showed a - picture of a ship from which he sail "quite deep holes" have been drilled in relatively shallow sea beds. He 'explained that the ship's motion is taken up by gim- bals and sliding sections of drill pipe, enabling one to handle the drilling equipment in all but the roughest weather. He noted that it will probably be sufficient for drilling pur- poses for the ship merely to maintain its position relative to anchored marker buoys by using tugs or its own engines. The drilling itself should not be much more difficult than that already encountered in sinking deep holes, although ,some new problems are bound to arise, writes Robert C. Cowen in the Christian. Science Monitor. Aft er reviewing presently used and experimental drilling methods, Dr. Gaskell said he can see no insurmountable dif- ficulty here. Although the rock will be somewhat tougher than that usually encountered, the actual thickness of rock to be drilled, will he less than what has already been achieved on ]and. The new types of rocks to be drilled and the problems of handling equipment in deep wafer may call for some re- search to extend present tech- piques or develop new ones. But this, Dr. Gaskell said, is a prob- lem the oil industry has to face. anyway. He explained that the oil in- dustry has reached a point in drilling operations where it needs fundamental thoughts and experiments on rock failure, which is basic to drilling, rather than new developments on old ideas. The Mohole project could stimulate this kind of research, Among other things, it should latent the thinking of a new group of engineers and scientists. to bear on the subject. Experience is a wonderful thing. It enables you to recog- bite a mistake when you make it again. I'm a most considerate married` man, A virtuous life I lead. I never plant more garden than My wife has time to weed( LIFE BY THE Pool True to the tradition of spdrtan Lynn •Reftfiti4 Ueda two pillows' to cushionher -elbows while bbsorbiri4 01e dufurrin THE YAM WHAT AM ,--- Two-year-aid Joseph Arthur COrn"stetic IV displciye e giant yam hi the ballis suburb of At-din-Wan: J'oe'., Morn planted the yam hi her greenhouse last January. Spa replanted it Outside in Jude end wdtched grow lb 13' povnJe.