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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Brussels Post, 1956-09-05, Page 6TABLE TALKS Andvms. eeeeleeeeeesee, FASHION HINT The replier conductor of tleia eolumg is away on won-earned and-- we hope well-enjoy- ed holidaYS. However, from her hideaway she sends ;us this clip- ping about, how to make apple- butter And it sounds like RIAL apple-butter. Which reminds us that we haven't tasted any of THAT eince before Hickory Jhn was weaned. dean. and FirMlsh children, was organized and the Connaught , Lab was ,assigned the o.1,) of preparing the virus culture' needed for the job. At that time the virus wat being prepared in one of Con- naught's buildings, Although there was a great ..urgency ice the virus culture, every PrePeu tion was talte:er with its man's facture, The monkey tissue was finely minced in sterile room) by technicians wearing caps art( gowns and taking operatin$ room precautions against conta mination. The minced tissue we.: then placed in large, fiat ,glass flasks containing 199, which were placed on racks in rooms hop', at body temperature. The rack; gently rocked back and forte for six days, when polio virut was introduced into the mixture The virus multiplied by the mil- lions for a few more days and then was tested for purity and strength. A ticklish part of the opera• tion was delivering the live pone virus to pharmaceutical house! in the U.S. Each driver of a sta. tion wagon hauling a load of death-dealing substance carried cans of gasoline with which to burn up both car and cargo ie case of an accident. Fortunately this was never necessary. In the U.S. the live virus we: killed by the addition of for- maldehyde, processed into polie vaccine and shipped out to the doctors, who were injecting every second child of selected groups with the vaccine whilt injecting the others with a non• potent liquid to serve as "con- trols." The test ultimately show' ed that the vaccine gave com- ' plete immunity in about 80 per cent, and lessened the severity of attacks in the other 20 pet cent. Medicgl history had been made.—By Max Braithwaite is "Imperial Oilways." In this odd world people art usually detested not for being wrong but for being right. Pays to Advertise Doing business without ad- vertising, says Edward L. Ren- rie, is like winking at a girl in the dark, You know what you are doing, but no one else does, In this modern day of multi- million dealer Sales, business could not survive without the good right hand of advertising, While we agree that jet Planes have passed the speed of eourtel and are fast approaching that of gossip, we still must depend oh good old type to get our mes- sage across, When Wanamaker's were pro- ,noting a sale of winter sports, wear, an ingenious mind con- trived the slogan that appeared over the counters: "Oh, Say, Can You. Ski?" But in another New York de- pertinent store this was nulli- fied :ay the very frank card- board statement in the sport- ing goods section; "You Can Learn To Ski In Only Ten. Sittings" (Had this been in Vancouver we could thus explain the clip- ping that appeared in the local newspaper, The Sun: "During the storm on Saturday, Mrs. Timothy McPherson slipped on the ice and hurt her SOME- WHAT,") The Bert-Ann Lingerie Shop in Princeton, New Jersey, at- tracted great attention by a sign introducing a new type of bras- siere. It read, WE, FIX FLATS. And Richard Flanagan relates the big business in electric per- colators and toasters that a astute copywriter placed this New York store did when an sign: THESE ARE THE AU- TOMATS OF THE BREAK- FAST TABLE. As the March of Type states the case, national advertisers look upon their slogans as val-' uable assets. One company spent plenty of Trioola on their slogan, SILVERWEAR THAT WEARS. A competitor gave them a lot of worry by pro- claiming SILVERWEAR THAT RESISTS WEAR, Another manufacturer adver- tiised "'Shirts That Laugh At The Laundry." But the slogan didn't fool the manglers. They sent the shirts back with their sides splitting. the handle and the sieving is done, "Measure the fruit pulp with a china cup and add about two- thirds cup sugar for each cup of fruit, Taste for sweetness," the recipe ,continued, I knew what that tasting meant. Grandmother had a sweet tooth and I could still re- member the fun I used to have when I foraged her voluminus apron for the inevitable pink and white peppermint drops. "New add spices, cinnamon, cloves, and allspice, a little of each" Grandmother was a born cook and "a little of each" was as accurate to her as the carefully measured amount in my bright- ly colored plastic spoon. But after the direction about the spices I saw another famil- iar handwriting — my mother's. She, too, had used grandmoth- ers recipe and I had helpfully inserted these words: "11/2 tea- spoons cinnamon, 1/2 teaspoon allspice, lie teaspon cloves for 6 cups fruit." I took mother's advice. Tha butter began to smell de- licious then, and the family came running this time. Again their ejaculations, "Urn-m-m, apple butter, can't we have a taste right now?" But I merely beamed on them and kept stirring to prevent the precious mixture from even a suggestion of scorching. At last it was done, when I dipped a wooden spoon and brought up the shining dark- ness, It heaped upon the spoon. I turned again to grandmoth- er's writing. "When the butter is thick, ladle, into stone crocks, cover with wax, and set in the milk safe in the root cellar." I looked over to the pantry shelf at my fovorite containers: stone jars from London, a mar- malade pot from Dundee, and a number of brown pottery jars that once held store jam. I ladeled some of the butter into these and the remainder into prosiac glass jars with tin covers. After I had them la- beled, "Apple Butter, Wealthies, August, -1956," I glanced at the recipe for a final lobk. At the bottom was a notation in my own handwriting. "Do not use until after Thanksgiving; by that time it will taste its best." I suppose I really believed that when first I wrote it, but I have come to know that time has little effect on the taste. It is good butter any time because the recipe is good, put together by a good cook a hundred years ago. Canada And The Salk Vaccine - This Corning I came In from the orchard with a half-bushel of Wealthy windfalls. I knew where to lay my hands on grandmother's recipe for ap- ple butter and eagerly I read again the words written on lined paper in her clear, firm hand. "Wash the apples in cold well water," the recipe began. The chromium faucet had to assist me there, and although the water had a distinct chlor- ine flavor, I plunged the apples Into it. "Cut the apples into quarters. (Do not take time to cut out seeds, blossoms ends, or stems. They will not go through the colander.)" The parentheses are hers — pure Dutch thrift, even to the saving of a minute. I patiently quartered the ap- ples with one eye on the recipe. It has been in use in our fam- ily since the fall of 1856, two years after grandmother came down the Ohio and up the Mis- sissippi by the -river boat to Minnesota. The cold well water grand- mother advised came from the well grandfather dug soon after he had selected his farm site. Again I glanced at the recipe. "When the apples are ready, put them in a large iron kettle and cook them until they are soft." How many hours would that have taken on grandmother's wood cook stove, I wondered, In twenty minutes the two large ,kluminum kettels were steam- ing on my electric stove, giving off that pungent aroma of apple sweetness that is matched by no other fruit. The members of the family began to drift in toward the kitchen. "Urn-m-m, applesauce," they laid. I smiled but said nothing. was looking at the recipe. "Ladle the apples into a colan- ler and work through with po- ato masher." I remember that potato mash- er as on of my first toys. It would roll, it could be used to make a 'loud noise banged on the floor, and it was smooth to )ite on. Grandfather had made t and years of use had given at a satiny smoothness. I don't lave the potato masher but I lo have a food mill. How grand- nother would have loved my rood mill: five or six turns of A scientific gentleman when explaining the term 'relative humidity' stated that only the other night he had been very conscious of its meaning when nursing his infant niece on his lap! "HIGH AS AN ELEPHANT'S EYE' is the corn above. Judy Mar shall has to stand on top u cal to reach it. The stalks are oat the farm of Judy's dad, wht says crop prospects are the bet since 1950. [Wats ISSUE 35 — 1956 4 and so on that we cannot control. We wanted to come with a chemical compound that would do the same work as horse serum but which would contain only the chemicals we put into it," Parker's work had nothing to do with. polio,. It is, in fact, sup. ported to the tune of $25,000 per year by the National Cancer In- stitute of Canada, a volunteer organization of medical men and "others which suports nearly all cancer research in Canada, And the bulk of this money comes right out of the pockets, of John. Public during the annual cam- paign of -the Canadian Cancer Society. The method of the Parker team was simply to keep mixing different chemicals together, grow mouse cells in them and see how long they could keep the cells alive. By 1951 they were working with, their one hundred and ninety-ninth chemical corn-- Peund, which contained no less than 60 life-giving chemicals and in which mouse cells would live for 40 days. (Parker has since achieved his goal of a live-for- ever fluid, No. 858.) At this time Dr. Rhodes, Dr. , A. E. Franklin and Dr. William Wood enter the picture. Work- ing on polio research in the same establishment as Parker, they knew all about his syn- thetic medium and decided to try to grow polio virus on mon- key kidney tissue in synthetic medium No. 199. As it turned out, the virus found 199 very much to its lik- ing and reproduced by the mil- lions. Since then,, all the virus used in, the Salk vaccine has been grown in Parker's 199, or in re- cently improved versions. By this time Solution 199 had gained considerable interna- tional reputation and requests were coming from laboratories in different countries for sup- plies of the miracle mixture. In 1953 Parker received such a re- quest from Dr. Jonas E. Salk, of Pittsburgh, who had been con- ducting extensive experiments with polio virus in horse serum. As Rhodes had done, Salk suc- cessfully grew the virus on mon- key kidney tissue in•the Parker medium. Then he killed the virus with formaldehyde and had what is known as a "dead vac- cine."' The principlio of such a vac- cine is that even the dead virus can cause the body to build up its immunity, but cannot cause the disease. As with all new vaccines, the big problem was to test it on human beings. Salk solved this be- trying the vaccine on himself and then on his, wife and three sons, When no evil effects fol- lowed, he tried it on 200 school children in the Pittsburgh area. Suddenly Dr. Jonas E. Salk was internationally famous and mil- lions of mothers all over the world were filled with a breath- taking hope. had first half of the problem had been solved—a dead vaccine had been produced and demon- strated to be harmless. Now, the 64 million dollar question was . . • would it provide immunity against polio? The only way to find out was to try it, and here the National Foundation for In- fantile Paralysis steped into the picture. A field test, involving some 60,000 American, Cana-v • Serve warm, generously buttered ... a delicious tea-time treat. If you bake at home there's never a • failure when you use dependable Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast! AZAWatil) 77,057 -0 3/4 cup finely-crushed 1 cracker crumbs 1/2 cup blanched almonds, finely-ground 3/4 cup granulated SUgat 1 slightly-beaten egg 2 tablespoons water 11/2 teaspoons almond extract S. Punch down dough. Turn out and halve the dough; set one portion aside to shape later. Roll One Orkin Into a 12-inch square. Spread % of square with half the crumb mixture. Fold plain thicd of dough over crumb mixture, then fold" remaining third . over tets , making 3 layers of douph and 2 Of filling. Cut rectangle into la each Stritit.iltet plate on 'greased' Cookie Sheet. Press Or 3 blanched al/no/ids Info filling Of mach twist. Brush with melted .huller or niateeeinet.SPrinkle with sugar. Shape second portion' of doogh in same Cover., Let the until doubled in bulk about 1 hour. take in moderate oven, 560, 26' to 25 here/fen elerde 36 Sikh. i Eiscar S 1 . Measure Into bowl 1 cup lukewarm water Stir in 2 Watt:kit:Mt granulated sugar. Sprinkle with contents of 2envelopes Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast ter stand 10 reinuteeTHEN stir well. 2. Creant 1/3 cup butler or margarine Blend 1/21 cup' granulated sugar 11/2 Teaspoons Salt' Blend in, part of time 2 well-beaten eggi Add the yeast mixture and! .1' teaspoon vanilla Stir in WO all-purpose flour and beat Until smooth and elastic: while in' an additional 2 3 /4 cups (6661.0' once- tined all-pUipitio NW, 3. Tern out an lightIV4lisirred bocird;. knead until smooth bed' elaitiC;. place in greased Bowl. Brush top of dough with melted shortening. CoVer. Let rise In warm place, free from draft,. Una doubled in bulk—about I 4. Meantime' prepare and cone'-' Wee, .littbS• NO • REPRIOlkAtibil country's veterinarian supplies and insulin, . Connaught researchers, under the leadership of Dr. A. J. Rhodes had been working on the polio problem for 6 years.' When gamma globulin was heralded as an immunity factor for polio a few• years ago, Connaught pre- pared -hundreds of pounds of ent. Unfortunately, this proved to be another scientific blind alley as the immunity provided. was only tetmporary. But science ' was hot on, the trail of the killer, with scientists all over the world working on the problem of isolating the virus and growing it outside the body'. If this could be done the virus could then be killed and made into a serum that would stimulate the body to build up its own immunity against the dis- ease. The picture began to clari- fy in 1949 when Dr.• John Enders of Harvard succeeded in • grow- ing polio virus in human embry- onic tissue in a horse blood serum. Previously other work- ers had grown the virus in ani- mal nerve tissues, but a vac- cine made in this way can cause a brain condition which is far worse than polio. Horse serim, however, was not satisfactory tither, because it contained. other factors that were impossible to control. What was needed Was a medium in which polio virus would grow and multiply by the millions but which contained no serum from an anima — a. purely synthetic, ,life-supporting serum, And .this is Where the inter- dependence, of scientists beeeknes apparent. Working away in a small lab at the back of the School of leygiene building on College Street in TorontO (part of the. Connaught Lab) was a team of researchers under the leader- ship of a lively little mart With a bald head, cookie mustache arid a weakness tor bow ties — Dr Raymond Parker. For fled years Parker' had been trying to do something that no other scientist anywhere had ever been able to accomplish_ produce a synthetic medium in which body cells would grow and multipl! indefinitely. Pa tk er describes the problem this way "In tilt titiirild serum there art factors of heredity; kriteria- Government By Test Tube It has been determined that the people of New York City should not be allowed to vote on whether their water supply shall be fluoridated. Determined by whom? By the same offi- cials who will make the deci- sion about medicated water. On what ground? Apparently on the theory that this is too tech- nical a question for popular judgment. This denial of a referendum is applauded by the head of the Committee to Protect Our Children's Teeth, Inc., Louis I. Dublin, in a letter to the NeW York Times. He says that "to submit a scientific question to a popularity contest would se a dangerous precedent." A similar argument was made by Gover- nor Stratton of Illinois in veto- ing a bill to require a vote on the question befote action in that state's cities. It is an argument with strong appeal to persons trained to follow "doctors' orders" without question or to believe that all questions can be answered with a slide rule or test tube. Cer- tainly there are many phases of community life which would benefit by more exact know= ledge, and there may well be questions ill-suited to referen- da. But if the Dublin-Stratton view were adopted the people's right to choose and their prac- tice in choosing would be Woe-, fully restricted. Just consider all the ques= tione that can be classed by those in aothority as "scientific." Think how technical many fin- aricial, legal; educational, and minter,/ decisions are; Wouldn't any enthusiast for a certain theory or any well-intentioned but half-informed official be tempted to think, "Pape knows best"? Is not that, in fact; pre- eisely the paternelistic attitude • of the United States Public. Service in its tak-supported drive for fluoridation? Who "eah forget the egregious mistakes made by those Who thought they knew --e as the good doctor§ who once relied So heavily oh bleeding patients? Suppose they had been ifi pie, sitiori to establish compulsory" Meditation e- Which is what fluoridation Of publice. Watet supplies ernothits to! indeed, we question whether "should be imposed even • by refereridtitii. Certainly; since all. Who wish it for therriselede Can buy fluoride pills as they would any other medicine, city officials should net take it upon there're selves to irepote this treatment, however' beneficial theyniay believe it to be. e- Ftoth The Chirstian Science IVIOnitOte YEASt AAPAST In the great wave of pUblicity that hit the world concerning * the development of the now- famous Salk polio vaccine, the part played by Canadian scien- tists caused not a' ripple. Even today, more than two years af- ter the drainatie report that proved the vaccine a success, it is 'not generally known that a cOnsiderable part of the whole program depended upon workers in, and the faCilitieS of, the Uni- versity' of Toronto's Connaught Medical Research Laboratories. As a matter of fact, the Con- naught labs not only manufac- tured all the vaccine used in Canada up until recently, but they also provided all the polio virus culture used to make vac- cine for the history-making 1954 trials of half a million American, Canadiae and Finnish children. Not only that, but the chemical solution used then arid still used, in which to grow monkey liver tissue necessary for the vaceine, was developed by a Connaught researcher supported by funds provided, by the Canadian pub- lic. The Connaught Laboratories, named after the Duke of Con- naught, (Canada's Governor Gen- eral when the first buildings were officially opened in 1917) consists of thirty-tWo buildings located in Toronto, and north of the 'City at the, famous "form". The Connaught had its real beginning in 1919 when. Dr. J. G. FitzGerald, a crusading, hard= Working young U. of T. gradiie Ate, borrowed enough Money to buy a barn and five broken- down hbreee, with Which to make diptheria anti-tokih i which up to then had cost from $20 to $80 a tteatitient, "right here in Ceti, ado and cheap enough so that provincial gOVernmenta, could buy it and distribute it free of ,charge"'.. Since that time, this ebrnbiri- alien pharmaceutical h o as 6, sehdol Of hygiene' and research center; 'has saved Canadians mil- lions Of 'dollars by providing; at. prices'much below those in the U.S., medications for diphtheria, tetanus, rabies; typhoid;, tritaelee; glenduler Products for the trea‘t- trieht of pernicious anaemia, Ad- ditee'S disease, arthritis; pen'. processed liUtriati bleed and blotid,, freibtletie:, freest of the itiNdAdt. HATCHET MAN — Lumberjack Chet theltidel staridC, with his .6160 ti ley ,ready' to swing into action When he pettrayit- 0‘etel bUtlyorie 'fabled htlitriberitiek of the Ndelit 'Wobdc..glitifiii; det,.,,larmee boxer,, will rule over The fOtfiviffei of 4 "Return , of Paul tutiyarei telebratiali,.