The Exeter Times-Advocate, 1976-08-12, Page 10FURNITURE
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A VARIETY OF SUMMER FURNITURE
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• Chesterfields • Kroehler Chairs
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Other Freezers at Bargain Prices
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Hardware
TIEMAN'S and
Furniture
Main St., Dashwood 237-3681
Open Friday Nights Until 9 p.m.
By RON BOGART
"Ahighly productive
agriculture is very important to
build communism. There must be
497 MAIN STREET
EXETER, ONTARIO
NOM 150
(519) 235.0101
an abundance of food for people
and raw materials for industry.
The basis for such agriculture
was established after the victory
of the Socialist Revolution.
SUITE 208
190 WORTLEY ROAD
LONDON, ONTARIO
N6C 4Y7
(519) 673-1421
Transforming agriculture along
the socialist lines was a most
difficult task."
Early Russia was an
agricultural country. More than
two-thirds of the population were
land-hungry peasants who sold
themselves into bondage to the
kulaks landowners and
bourgeoise. The peasant could
not escape poverty and want.
Many of them were ruined.
On November 8, 1917, the day
after the Socialist Revolution
triumphed - the Soviet Govern-
ment issued a Decree,
nationalizing all the land and
transferring it to the peasants.
This was a great stride forward,
but many problems arose, The
peasants still had small holdings,
no cattle and implements, and
they were still exploited by the
kulaks.
Lenin proposed that small-
peasant economies be united into
large co-operatives on a volun-
tary basis for joint production.
Land, cattle, buildings, and the
produce received became the
common property of the
peasants, each one retaining his
personal house and small
auxiliary farm (garden). This
auxiliary farm was of great help
to the peasant family.
Large enterprises of this type
came to be known as collective
farms - kolkhozes, This is the
agricultural scene as it is in
Russia to-day. It makes it
possible to extensively use
machinery, reclaim new land,
construct irrigation systems, etc.
Specialization of production soon
became important and hence
greater output and better in-
comes for the farmers. Soon the
kulaks disappeared. By 1937, 93
percent of the farms were
collective. Machinery increased
in numbers and efficiency.
Electricity became more widely
used. Livestock breeding im-
proved; fertilizers were used and
total acreage of arable land in-
creased as land was reclaimed
and cleared.
This is agriculture under
Socialism. The total
achievements of science and
technology were applied to all
branches. The above comments
are a few hi-lites in the
development of agriculture in the
Soviet Union. The following are
some of my views.
I cannot speak about
agriculture with much authority
as we did not visit the farms. I
write of what I saw from the
window of a bus as we travelled
out of Moscow to visit a
monestary 60 kilometers away
and by quizzing one of the student
interpreters.
Farm land was gently rolling,
It appeared very fertile, but quite
poorly drained. Forage crops
(hay) seemed to be very
prominent in this area. Large
herds of dairy cattle (holstein)
were very common - herds of
perhaps 150-200 head. The fields
were very large. There were few
fences. Herds were kept in areas
by herdsmen and dogs, Even
along the highway in many areas
there were no fences to keep the
livestock back.
Farm buildings were far back
from the main highway. They
were of low profile long, narrow
shed-type buildings, numerous of
them in one area. They were built
of brick, wood sand had steel
roofs. There were no upright
silos. It was difficult to catch
much detail because they were so
far away.
Farm machinery appeared to
me to be very complicated. When
we stopped at a light I noticed a
set of hydraulic-lift discs next to
the road. There was a com-
plicated arrangement of chains
and hydraulics to lift them.
Otherwise they were much like
the ones used here. Tractors were
new but they appeared old in
style in comparison to ones here.
Forage harvesters looked quite
complicated.
Houses were in groups - maybe
20-25 in a small "village". They
were very old, frame houses,
surrounded by large trees. Some
were painted, others looked very
old and poorly kept. We did see
one "village that looked
relatively new and was built on a
hillside. Each house had a garden
next to it. Gardens were terraced
up because it appeared most
houses were built in poorly
drained areas. Plastic sheets
were put over some sections to
act as a "hot-bed". It appeared
as though common wells were the
custom. They were constructed
like the traditional "wishing-
well" type.
Through the fields and coun-
tryside were many winding path-
ways. Families were walking
through the ,farm areas. There
were many wooded areas as well
Chartered Accountants
268 Main St., Exeter
ARTHUR W. READ
Resident Partner
Bus. 235:0120, Res. 238.8075
G. RANDALL PAUL
Administrative Services
MAIN ST., LUCAN
Phone 227-4584
DAVID C. HANN, D.C.
Doctor of Chiropractic
105 Main Street, Exeter
235.1535
By Appointment Daily - Evening and Sat. hours
GERALD L. MERNER
Chartered Accountant
BUS: 20 Sanders E. EXETER -- 235-0281
RES: 10 Green Acres — GRAND BEND - 2 38-8 070
langitart, 'Kelly, 'Nig and Co.
FRIEDSBURG PETS — A pair of pet doves won, a first prize in the
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Datars with another entrant in the show. T-A photo.
ERSMANS
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Exeter
Aug. 16 - 30
Inclusive
NORRIS & GEE
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COUNTRY
ANTIQUES
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Crediton
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Drop in for a visit
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Shop At
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Beside Bank of Montreal, Exeter
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MEN'S - UP TO SIZE 40-
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Page 10
Last article on visit to Moscow
Soviet farm land is gently rolling
and along the roadway many
persons were "camping".
Although it was Sunday, many
farmers were working in the
fields with forage harvesting
equipment. I did not see many
fields that had any type of grain
planted although there were
many fields that appeared to be
prepared for planting - perhaps it
was too early for planting when
we were there.
Farms are apparently of two
types: 1) state collective farms,
where all equipment and cattle
are owned by the state and all
produce is taken by the state'and
the farmers work for a wage and
their small gardens; 2) collec-
tive farms where farmers owned
livestock and bought their own
machinery and the state took
only a percent of the produce.
From information we got from
the interpreters, under either
system, farmers did fairly well -
but it didn't appear too
prosperous to me in comparison
to farms around 'Exeter.
Produce from the gardens
could be sold without state in-
terference so many women took
produce to the city to sell it along
the street. Lilacs and flowers
were being sold by women and
children along the highway that
we travelled on. ,
I realize that this is not much
detail about the farming set-up
but it is strictly observations
from a bus window.
This article will be the last one
I will write about my experience
in Moscow. Perhaps many of' the
things I wrote about are not
exactly typical, but they are
observations and experiences
which I personally had. I could
write about many more things,
but I think I have done ,enough. I
hope the readers of the T.A. have
enjoyed them.
I thank Ross Haugh for printing
them and I thank Bill Batten for
giving me the space. Sometime I
hope to show my slides and
souvenirs.
Again, I thank you for reading
about my experience the way it
really was for me.
Itamaiha
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