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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times-Advocate, 1940-11-07, Page 2THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1010 THE EXETER TIMES-ADVOCATE CHAPTER X Audrey Swan, nicknamed “Cygie,” is the only daughter of the highly respected horse trainer whose farm adjoins the estate of Judge ■Castle. The Judge’s only son, Jeffrey, has been Audrey’s friend since childhood. He is educated to go into his father's lkw office in Parville but marries Olive Cooper, who scoffs at the idea and and flatly refuses to live in the beautiful country home the Judge buys as a wedding present for the young couple. Jeff’s college friend, Vic Quinn, falls in love with Audrey, who does not recip­ rocate. Vic substitutes for Jeff in Judge Castle’s office while he is away. When he hears of Jeff’s decision not to return. Vic goes to ask Audrey if she objects in his remaining,' as the Judge has offered him a partnership. He is with her when she learns that her ■father has lost his life saving a drowning child. Audrey asks Vic to notify Jeff. Jeff is in the midst of an argument with Olive about going to the funeral. GO ON WITH THE STORY “Skip that please. Olive. It’s silly.’ “Oh yes? It should be, but it isn’t. Do you suppose I haven’t been able to see why it was so hard for you to tear yourself away from that od­ ious town and why you are always running back there on the slightest provocation? I’ve done everything I can to make you consider your self- respect, but this is intolerable.’’ Tears suddenly filled her dark eyes. “Don’t go Jeff! I’m asking you not to.’’ . “I'm sorry, Olive, but I’ll have to go down there. I mean I’m going.” He went out into the hall without looking back. And closed the door after him. The ‘brief services were about to begin when Jeffrey entered the little chapel the next morning and dropped unobtrusively on a bench at the rear. Almost at once he dis­ covered Audrey and her mother. A man and a woman sat with them, relatives probably, but strangers. Vic Quinn’was there. The little room was well filled, but Jeffrey saw no signs of his father or mother and it made him resentful. It wouldn’t have hurt them to come. After all, the Swans were their nearest neigh­ bors. When Jeffrey filed out with the others, nodding to an occasional ac­ quaintance, he stood irresolutely on the sidewalk until a hand was laid on his arm and a quiet voice said: “Glad you made it, old man.” “Oh, hello, Vic. Sad business, this.” As they moved off, Jeff remarked “I rather expected I’d bump into the folks here. Maybe it’s just as well.” “Your father is up to ■ the city. Jeff. He said he wouldn’t be back this morning, but he hadn’t shown up when I left the office.” “Hmm ... m. If I were sure I wouldn’t barge into him, I’d run out and say hello to mother. But I guess I’ll be shoving off. I don’t feel up to another scene.” As he opened his car door, Vic said quietly: “Jeff, if you can ar­ range it, try to see Audrey before you leave. I am sure she’d appre­ ciate it very much.” “Think so?” There was almost an eagerness in the question. “I know it. I called you the other day at Audrey’s request.” It cost Vic something to say that, much as he tried to banish the realization. “Oh! Then I will drop in on my way back. Thanks.” It was several hours later that Jeffrey drove up to the Swan home. Until he glanced back at the stables standing without sign of life, he had not realized how different the place would be after this. It was a relief to see that no cars were parked on the drive. It was still more of a relief to have Audrey open the door to him. Her face was still colorless but she managed a smile of wel­ come. mi—i mu w i ■winru Chest Wheezing Means Bronchitis The principal symptom of bron­ chitis is a dry, harsh, hacking cough accompanied with a rapid wheezing and feeling of tightness across the chest. There is a rising of phlegm, espe­ cially in the morning. This phlegm is at first of a light color, out as the disease progresses becomes yel­ lowish or greenish, and is sometimes streaked with blood. You will find in Dr. "Wood's Nor­ way Dine Syrup a remedy to stimu- * late the weakened bronchial organs subdue the inflammation, soothe the j irritated parts, loosen the phlegm and mucus, and help nature to easily dislodge the morbid accumulation. The T. Miibttrn Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont. ’ Cygie’" “It was good of you to come, Jeff." « * * After’ Anthony Swan’s death, the management of his family’s affair seemed to pass involuntarily into tne hands of Attorney Quinn. There was no one else to whom Martha and Audrey could turn and Victor was always available. Anthony had left a modest amount of money and securities and the farm was unencumbered. It was Martha’s idea to convert all the stqek and equipment into cash and perhaps sell all the land except that occupied by the house and staJbles. She wanted to remain in the home during her lifetime. But Victor had another sugges­ tion. “I imagine it would be a good idea to get rid of your horses,” he agreed. “I don’t know anything about values, but I presume you ran get pretty nearly what they’re worth. At the present time, you will lose on the land. What had you planned to do, Audrey, to keep your­ self busy?” “Why, nothing,” she answered, “just stay here with Mom.” “Then why don’t you carry on for your father? On a small scale.” i “I hadn’t thought of that,” Au­ drey mused. She turned to Martha. “What do you think of that, Mom?” Mrs. Swan was crocheting and she worked without looking up. “It sounds like a good idea,” she said, when she came to the end of the row. “You’ll never be satisfied if you don’t have horses to fool with. I know that. And I think your father would have liked it.” “Then we’ll call that settled,” Victor decided. “"When you get ready for action, I’ll be glad to help.” “We’ll wait until after the first of the year,” Martha offered unex­ pectedly, “Friday will be Christmas. It will be just another day for us. Mr. Quinn, but I’d be pleased if you would have dinner with Audrey and me. If you’re not going to town.” “Thank you, Mrs. Swan. I shall be glad to come.” He was more than repaid for the simple answer by Au­ drey’s eyes. After considerable thought, he de­ cided upon a modest gift for each of his hostesses, something to which no sentimental value could be at­ tached. He was glad that he had when the mail brought him a little parcel — a woolen muffler from Mrs. Swan, a dozen fine handker­ chiefs from Audrey. The dinner too, was saved from being a momentary ordeal when Au­ drey took occasion to tell him in' matter-of-fact fashion: “You’re sit­ ting in Dad’s place, Vic. We thought it would be easier.” If only he could have read a par­ ticular meaning into that! By this time he might have hoped for some encouragement in his suit. But Tony Swan stood between him and his desires as inexorably as death itself. The affair had been grimly ironical from the beginning. Falling so desperately in love wth a strange girl. All their contracts shadowed by another man. And a man now married and supposedly out of the picture. There was many an oc­ casion when he could have echoed Jeffrey Castle’s sentiment with whole-hearted fervor — it was ter­ rible to be a gentleman. At this same time, Jeffrey was being put to it to uphold a reputa­ tion of that sort. Foi’ Olive had un­ dertake to punish him for his part ville trip by remaining coldly aloof. Jeffrey had done his best to ignore her attitude and maintain a friend­ ly footing, although some instinct warned him that he would be mak­ ing a mistake in going too far in the matter of reconciliation. An ab­ ject surrender woud make the fu­ ture more difficult than ever, and if there must be another unpleasant­ ness he was in favor of postponing it as long as possible. This might be a propitious time to go after the job on his own, Accordingly, he pre­ sented himself at the general of­ fices of the corporation and sent in his name. He waited nearly an hour before a secretary advised him that Mr. Harrison could give Mr. Castle a few moments. “Well, Castle,” he said, “what’s on your mind this morning?” “A job,” was the businesslike ans­ wer. “Olive has told me that you believe you can find something for me. I’d like to get to work. “Well?” Olive reached for a cig­ arette and lighted it. She felt that it would emphasize her attitude of complete indifference. “Nothing startling, dear. Your old man’s going to work. Had a con­ flab with your dad this morning. I’m starting in on Monday. Have my pail packed, will you?” “What are you going to do?” Olive’s dark eyes narrowed a trifle. “I don’t know. Going to take the usual course for salesmen . . .as a matter of studying more or less.” “What did Father offer you? How much?” “No figure named, He did intim­ ate, though, it would be the same as the other recruits get. Doesn’t want any hard feelings." “In other words, you gave him a story of wanting to work up from the foot of the ladder without any favors.” “Not at all, That’s the story he gave me.” “You seem to be going out of your way to humiliate me of late,” “For Pete’s sake! I can’t loaf all my life, Olive, and I don’t intend to! Besides, it was youi* idea in the first place , , where are you going now?” “I’m going down to have a little talk with my father. _ He doesn’t seem to understand. Quite.” * —* * Audrey Swan opened the door leading into Judge Castle’s outer office. “Good morning, Judge Castle. I was looking for Mr. Quinn.’ “Why, bless my soul! Come in. Audrey, come in. I haven’t seen you for a long time.” He brought a chair to the side of the desk with a court­ ly gesture. “Sit down, my dear, and let me have a look at you.” “Mother asked me to stop in with' some papers that Mr. Quinn wished to see. He has been very kind about looking after things for her.” “Of course. He should be.” Judge Castle’s face grew suddenly grave. “Life brings bitter trials to all of us. Do you mind if I speak of your father, my dear?” “Of course not,” she replied in some surprise. “He had one child, the same as I. I have .watched you grow up, my dear, and I am confident that your father would tell me that you never had caused him an hour’s grief.” “I hope that’s true,” Audrey said softly. ‘About my father.” “I had one child too,” the Judge remarked grimly. “I said that be­ fore, but you can draw your own conclusions.” “Aren’t you just a little hard on Jeffrey?” Audrey asked, astonished at her temerity. “After all, he mar­ ried the woman he loved, I will never believe that he willingly gave up his prospects here with you.” “Nevertheless,” said the Judge stubbornly, “his place is here, I have been reminded of it daily by seeing young Quinn in the place that should be Jeffrey’s. Not that I grudge him his opportunity. Not only am I exceedingly fond of him, but I have found him invaluable. He is a very remarkable young man, Audrey.” “He is nice.” For the first time, the Judge’s face relaxed. His eyes twinkled un­ der their shaggy brows. “Is that the best you can say of him? You should be nice also . . to him. And you should find it easy. By the way, did you notice the door as you came in?' “The door?” “Yes. The outer door. There’s a rather new sign on it. It says, Castle and Quinn, Attorneys at Law.” "Oh! Isn’t that splendid.” “He’s earned it. I need some­ one here who can take complete re­ sponsibility of local practice, and it did not take Quinn long to show me that he could do that to my satisfaction.” The Judge chuckled. “I am very glad for him,” Au­ drey remarked getting to her feet. “I wonder if I may leave the papers here. I must be running along.” “Certainly, my dear.” He extend­ ed his hand and held hers for a moment when she gave it to him. “Audrey, I wish very much I might have had a daughter like you. If I can ever be of any service to you or your mother, you have only to let me know. Please convey my re­ spects to her.” (To be Continued) DALGLEISH — RYAN PARKHILL — The marriage *of Kathleen, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Ryan, to Stuart William, son of Mr. and Mrs. James Dalgleish, was solemnized at St. James Angli­ can church, Parkhill, with Rev. F. L. Lewin, rector of the church of­ ficiating. The bride wore a street­ length frock of soldier blue and sil­ ver with black accessories. She was attended by Miss Ruth Dalgleish, sister of the groom, wearing tur­ quoise blue and gold with black ac­ cessories. The groom was attended by Robert Porter. After the cere- mony a reception was held at the home of the groom’s parents. Later, Mr. and Mrs. Dalgleish left for a wedding trip to Cornwall and Mont­ real returning via Ottawa. The bride traveled in .navy blue with black ac­ cessories. 'On their return they will reside in Parkhill. No, You Haven’t Told Us Dear Colonel: Did I ever tell you about the young man out our way who started on a shoe string and got his face slapped. WARNING to Mothers WHEN COLDS STRIKE... Relieve Misery the Improved, Home-Tested Vicks Way... Perfected for Children No matter what you have tried in the past to relieve misery of colds—treat your child the improved Vicks way— with a “VapoRub Massage”. Then notice how swiftly it starts to quiet coughing, ease muscular soreness or tightness and bring comfort. With this MORE THOROUGH treat­ ment (developed by Vicks staff of Doctors) the poultice-and-vapor action of Vicks VapoRub more effectively... PENETRATES irritated air passages with soothing medicinal vapors, inhaled deeply with every breath. stimulates chest and back like a warming poultice or plaster. To get a “VapoRub Massage” with al! its benefits, here’s what you do: Mas­sage VapoRub for 3 minutes on IM­ PORTANT RIB-AREA OF BACK as well as chest and throat—spread a thick layer of VapoRub on chest and cover with a wanned cloth. BE SURE to use genuine Vicks VapoRub. When you see the results of this im­ proved Vicks treatment you will won­ der how any sensi­ ble, thrifty mother could possibly deny her child the comfort and re­ lief it brings from misery of colds. Strategic Materials in North America We hear much these days of “to­ tal war”—the utilization of all a country’s forces for the prosecution of the struggle. But it is sometimes difficult to realize how complete are the requirements of modern war. Paul M. Tyler of the United States Bureau of Mines, writing in the Autumn 1940 issue of the Harvard Business review, points out that “virtually all of the 92 chemical elements distinguished by chemists are used in industry—all but a few that are too rare in nature or too difficult to isolate—and virtually the same list is employed in war as in peace. All metals and minerals used in products for the military establishments and even those re­ quisite to maintenance of the civilian population when a nation is at war have strategic importance. The term ‘strategic materials’, how­ ever, is restricted nowadays to those that not only are necessary to the conduct of the war but that also have to be obtained in whole or in essential proportions from sources outside the sphere of influence of a nation. It follows that the list of strategic maiterials differs in var­ ious countries and changes from time to time.” Considered as an economic unit, the North American continent is un­ usually fortunate in regard to these strategic materials. Its resources of many of the important minerals necessary to industrial and military activity are more than sufficient for its requirements. The latest list of strategic materials required to be secured from outside sources by the United States contained only 14 items, including rubber and nine minerals. These mineral products are antimony, chromium, man­ ganese, mercury, mica, nickel, quartz crystals, tin and tungsten. Nickel, which is one of the most es­ sential metals for armour plate and other munitions of war, is lacking in 'the United States but as Canada produces such a large proportion of the world output the Canadian sup­ ply is certainly adequate for any probable demand A few of the other mineral pro­ ducts which are lacking in the United States or Canada can be se­ cured in South America. Quartz crystals, essential for frequency control in radio, telephone and other communications are obtained only in Brazil. The greatest demand for these would be unlikely to ex­ ceed 50 tons a year, yet without this comparatively small amount, radio communication, for example, would become well nigh impossible. Bolivia and Mexico have expanded their output of antimony in the past five years, sufficiently to offset the decline in Chinese production as a result of the Sino-Japanese war. In Canada, the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company has com­ pleted a plant for the production of refined antimony from smelter flue dust. This plant has a daily capacity of four tons while Canada’s normal I rdquirments of an'timony are less I than 500 tons per annum. I This summer, Canada became a substantial producer of mercury, one of the most vital strategic' materials formerly* secured from Spain and Italy. A monthly out­ put of some 400 standard flasks of 76 pounds each is now being obtain­ ed from properties in northern British Columbia; this is reported to he supplying not only Canadian needs but a large part of British requirements as well. The United States could also fill their require­ ments from domestic sources if im­ ports w’ere cut off for a prolonged period. It is when we turn to other stra­ tegic materials in the United States’ list that we appreciate fully the im­ portance of the Far Eastern situa­ tion .and particularly the position of -Southeastern Asia. Besides be­ ing the most important source of antimony, China produces almost half the world’s chromium, with Burma providing an additional 15 per cent. Russia’s output of man­ ganese ores in 1937 was 2,700,000 metric tons of a world total „of 6,000,000 tons and British India’s production was in excess of 1,000,- 000 tons. British India is practical­ ly the only source of sheet mica, an essential in many kinds of electrical apparatus. The two outstanding products of Asia which appear in the list of es­ sential materials, however, are rubber and tin. Crude rubber is the most important single commodity imported into the United States, pur­ chases being valued at $17S,000,- 000 in 1939. Few of the modern means of transport, civil or mili­ tary, could operate efficiently with­ out rubber. Almost 99 per cent of the world’s crude rubber is pro­ duced in Southeastern Asia—53 per cent in Malaya, Burma and other British possessions and 3 9 per cent in the Netherlands East Indies. In the event that access to these sources became impossible or ship­ ments seriously delayed, the United States alone would have to find ap­ proximately 600,000 tons- of crude rubber annually. The possible sources of this supply are worthy of some detailed consideration. Although rubber is indigenous to Brazil, it has never been cultivated on any large scale in the American tropics and the highest total output in the Western Hemisphere was 60,- 000 tons in 1914. It is not beleived that the present resources could provide more than half that amount. New plantations would take from five to seven years to mature. Reclaimed rubber is ex- tensively used, but requires mixing with fresh crude rubber. It is es­ timated that the available equip­ ment in the United States, if operat­ ed at capacity, could produce be­ tween 125,000 and 150,000 tons of reclaimed rulbber annually, or ap­ proximately one-quarter of their re­ quirements. The United States Bureau of Standards lists 29 kinds of synthetic rubbers,, but none of these is being produced on a large scale. The total capacity at the end of 1940' is expected to reach only 10,000 tons. Plabt construction to fill United tates requirements would take at least two or three years and an investment of $200,00'0,000. The Government of 'the United States is building up reserve stocks. In June 1939, it negotiated an agreement with Great Britain for the exchange of 600,0'00 bales of cotton for 85,000 long tons of rub­ ber. In June of this year, a Rub­ ber Reserve Company was set up, which has arranged with the Inter­ national Rubber Regulation Com­ mittee for the purchase of 150',000 tons in 1940 and 180,000 tons in 19-41. These amounts will come from additional production author­ ized by the Committee, not from output for current demand. It is estimated that these stocks will be equivalent to more than eight months’ normal requirements. Seventy-five per cent of the world’s tin comes from the same corner of Southeastern Asia that also produces the rubber. There is, however, a substantial output of low grade tin in Bolivia, which would provide somewhat less than'half the United States annual requirements. The provision of smelters, also lack­ ing inz the Americas is under ser­ ious consideration in 'the United States for the treatment of these ores. A Metals Reserve Company, similar to the Rubber Reserve Com­ pany mentioned above, has con­ tracted for the purchase of 75,000 tons to be held as stock over and above current commercial purchases. In the meantime, the search for sub­ stitutes, particularly for food con­ tainers, continues. The use of lac- qjier and plastic coatings for steel and paper is reported to be nearing the commercial stage. The Canadian list of mineral pro­ ducts not wholly procurable from domestic sources is more extensive than that of the United States, com­ prising some thirty items of greater or less importance. They include, in addition to those already mentioned cryolite, fluorspar, certain iron ores, magnesium, -molybdenum, petrol­ eum, phosphates, elemental sulphur and vanadium. Our principal sup­ plies are secured at present from the United States. Deposits of most of these minerals however, are known to exist in Canada but pro­ duction is mainly in the form of by­ products and volume has been large­ ly dependent upon the demand foi’ the major metals. As the metal­ lurgical industry expands, these minerals are available for develop­ ment on a commercial basis. The Exeter Times-Advocate Established 1873 and 1387 at Exeter, Ontario Published every Thursday moruini! SUBSCRIPTION—?2.0i0 per year la advance RATES—Farm or Real Estate foi sale 50c, each insertion for first four insertions. 25c. each subse­ quent insertion. Miscellaneous ar­ ticles, To Rent, Wanted, Lost, or Found 10c. per line of six words, Reading notices 10c. per line, Card of Thanks 5Qo. Legal ad­ vertising 12 and 8c. peT line. Ii Memoriam, with one verse 50c. extra verses 25c. each, Member of The Canadian Weekly Newspaper Association Professional Cards GLADMAN & STANBURY (F. W. Gladman) BARRISTER, SOLICITOR, &c Money to Loan, Investments Made Insurance Safe-deposit Vaults for use of our Clients without charge EXETER and HENSALL CARLING & MORLEY BARRISTERS, SOLICITORS, Ac- LOANS, INVESTMENTS, INSURANCE Office; Carling Block, Main Stree*, EXETER, ONT. Dr. G. F. Roulston, L.D.S.,D.D.S. DENTIST Office; Carling Block EXETER, ONT. Closed Wednesday Afternoon* Dr. H. H. COWEN, L.D.S.,D.D S DENTAL SURGEON Offke opposite the Post Office, Main Street, Exeter Office 36w Telephones Res. 3flj Closed Wednesday Afternoon* ARTHUR WEBER LICENSED AUCTIONEER For Huron and Middlesex FARM SALES a SPECIALTY PRICES REASONABLE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED Phone 57-13 Dashwood R. R. No. 1, DASHWOOD FRANK TAYLOR LICENSED AUCTIONEER For Huron and Middlesex FARM SALES A SPECIALTY Prices Reasonable and Satisfaction Guaranteed EXETER P. O. or RING 138 Your Next Visit to TORONTO Try Hotel Waverley Located on Wide Spadlna Ave. at College St. Easy Parking Facilities Convenient to Highways • Rates Single - - $1.50 to $150 Double : • . $2.50 to $5.00 Four to Room, $5.00 to $6,00 • Close to the University, Parliament Bulldinps, Maple Leaf Gardens, Theatres, Hospitals, Wholesale Houses, and the Fashionable Retail Shopping District. ’ A. Ml POWELL, President THE WORLD'S GOOD NEWS will come to your home every day through THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR An International Daily Newspaper It records for you the world’s clean, constructive doings. The Monitor does not exploit crime or sensation; neither does It Ignore them, but deals correctively with them. Features for busy men and all the family, Including the Weekly Magazine Section. The Christian SCionco Publishing Society One, Norway Street, Boston, Massachusetts Please enter my subscription to The Christian Science Monitor for a period of I year $12,00 6 months $6.60 3 months $3.00 1 month $1.00Saturday Issue. Including Magazine Section: 1 year $2.60, 6 issues 26c Name ..._____________ _____________________ Address Sample Copy on Request '•7' * MANY FINE OLD STONE HOUSES STANDING IN WESTERN ONTARIO By S. Garrett in the London Free Press Of the various types of archi­ tecture introduced in Western On­ tario stonework is probably the most permanent and consequently there are still many fine stone structures scattered throughout the peninsula, some of them quite., old and built in a time when practic­ ally everything was done by hand. A typical example is the old field stone farmhouse on the Wood home­ stead in Huron County, a short distance southeast of the Village of 'Hensail. The Wood farm is lot 3 5, conces­ sion three, Usborne and is the last lot in the concession, as thO Usborne and Tuckersmith boundary runs along the north side of it. The house was erected in 1862 by Wil­ liam Wood, one of the Usborne pio­ neers, and the contractor was John Carmichael, stonemason from near Russeldale, who had learned his trade in .Scotland and was a skilled builder. Immense quantities of material must have been used ow­ ing to the size of the structure and the thickness of he walls. The topagraphy of the farm is somewhat rough—the kind of place that many Scotch pioneers chose. There are several fine gravel pits near the dwelling, where the Town­ ship of Hay has obtained great quantities of road gravel in recent years. The barns have disappear­ ed. The Woods brother^, sons of the founder eventually moved out to Al­ berta where they operated a large horse ranch and are said to have been very successful. The front '50 acres, where the house and gravel pits are situated was purchased by Thomas Welsh, of Hensail, who is the present own­ er. He removed the large woods 011 the farm, the timber to be cut in his mill at Hensail. The back 50 acres was bought by the late Wil­ liam Hogarth. WM. H. SMITH LICENSED AUCTIONEER For Huron and Middlesex Special training assures you of your property’s true value on sale day. Graduate of American Auction College Terms Reasonable and Satisfaction Guaranteed Crediton P. O. or phone 43-2 USBORNE & HIBBERT MUTUAI FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Head Office, Exeter, Ont. President ........... JOHN HACKNEY Kirkton, R. R. 1 Vice-President .... JOHN McGRATH Dublin, Ont. DIRECTORS W. H. COATES ................. Exeter ANGUS SINCLAIR ... Mitchell, R. 1 WM. HAMILTON ... Cromarty, R. 1 T. BALLANTYNE ... Woodham, R. 1 AGENTS JOHN ESSERY ............... Centralia ALVIN Ii. HARRIS ... Mitchell R. 1 THOS. SCOTT ................. Cromarty SECRETARY-TREASURER B. W. F. BEAVERS .......... Exeter GLADMAN & STANBURY Solicitors. Exeter Lumber Shingles Our Prices are the Lowest they have been for several years. If you are building it will pay you to call and get prices. Just think Matched Lumber at $35.00 per M. feet A. J. CLATWORTHY Phone 12 Granton We Deliver Grandpa —“Well, Horace, we haven't caught any fish; it's hard lines,” Horace—“But we had good luck digging worms!" Today’s Simile—As useless as a blind watchman with sleeping sick­ ness.