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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times-Advocate, 1927-01-27, Page 3Nationalism, Not Boichcvism, Driving Force Moving China 6 . .......................e-- -.....r--y- practiced at elections prevailing in the sp-ca-Med .parliamentary deunoc- racie-s in the West. The modern de­ mocratic system has beemne a con­ venient to-ol of one cl/ais® of the people, the capitalist -class, to exploit the poor. But under the principle of. the Kuo­ mingtang we will -esibablfeh a polltl-cail democracy n-ot for the benefit of the few rich men but for the benefit of all. Ours I® a government by the people, the common, people.” Economic Democracy. The third' principle is -that of econo­ mic democracy, which again has- two aspect®, ’ -the /readjustment of land­ ownership and the regulation of -capi­ tal. The National- Government, accord­ ing to this prin-cipl-o, -should make -law® regulating -the rent of land-, land taxa­ tion and tho use and value of land bas-e-d upon report of the -landowner himself. As, Dr. Sun put it, "A -land­ owner will neither underrate nor over­ rate his land, because if he underi'ates ; it he must sell at that valuation, while if ho overrates it he must bear the ni-added burden of taxation." In an at­ tempt at ridding China of the tenant evil the Kuomingtang principle- call® on the Government to provide land for those in need of it, and also the establishment of rural credit banks. With regal'd to the regulation of capi­ tal, th-e party ho-lds that all enterprises of a monopolistic nature o-r conducted on such a -eeal-e -as is beyond the finan­ cial resources of individuals (for ex­ ample, railways, bank® and/ shipping) .should be undertaken by the National Government. .These two economic proposals aim a-t securing “govern­ ment for .the people." The Present Platform. The present policies, or platform, of ■the Kuomingtang, formulated at the national convention of the party in January, 1924, and reaffirmed at the last convention in February, 1926, are a;s- follows.:. *(A) Foreign Policies. All present treaties not based on principle of equality between China and any foreign power to be abrogated (Lhus covering extra-terri­ toriality,. foreign control of tariff, “■spheres of influence” and all other political privileges enjoyed by foreign powers at th-e expanse- of China), and all other future treaties to be based -c-n such equality. 2. Any nation voluntarily relinquish­ ing such, special privileges is- to be- treated by China as in actual fact a “most favored- nation.", 3. No foreign loan made to China to be repudiated unl-es-s detrimental to the po-Mtteal and economic rights of China, or contracted by -an irrespons­ ible government for illigitima-te us-es. 4. A national convention of such groups as chambers of commerce, banking associations and educational associations, to be called to devise ways- and means to free China from economic bondage- to foreign powers by refunding foreign loans. (B) Domestic Policies. 1. The Kuomingtang advocates- a middle course between a centralized l and a decentralized form of govern­ ment. 2. Each Province to have the- right to establish its own constitution and elect its own officers as it sees fit. Whenever the National and. the Pro­ vincial constitutions are in conflict, the former prevail®. The Governor of a Province to have a dual function as- executive o-f the Province and as- re­ presentative of the National Govern­ ment. 3. A Hsiie-n, or district, shall be- re­ cognized ns the local administrative unit for self-government, electing and recalling its officers' thereof, and initi­ ating and voting upon laws. All- taxes from lands and revenues from water power, forest® and mining to go to the Treasury of the Hslen Government. Tho National Government grant-in-ald to any Halen for public purpos-e®. j Each I-I-slen to contribute Treasury o-f the- National Government a certain percentage of its receipts, from 10 to 50 per cent. 4. A unicersal suffrage law to be enacted, replacing the- oxisting election- law basal upon property ownership. 5. A civil service system to bo es­ tablished. 6. Compulsory military conscription to supersede the present recruiting system, and th-e economic and legal status o-f the -army -and navy to be ' raised, and agricultural and vocational training to be given to soldiers-. 7. The right o-f the peoplo to as­ semble-, to organize and -to express themselves in speech o-r in writing t-o be guaranteed; and tho right of resi­ dence and freedom of belief to be pro­ tected. 8. The idle and- the vicious to be put to compulsory work. 9 Land revenues and rents- to be re­ gulated by law, and unnecessary taxes- such as llkln to- be abol-ishe-d. 10. A census- to bo taken; arable land conserved; and both production and consumption of tlia peoplo regu­ lated, so as to distribute equitably tho wealth of the- native 11. Labor laws to be--enacted; work­ ing coiidiltl-ons improved, and labor or­ ganizations protected and encouraged. 12. Equality of sex in legal, econo­ mic and educational fields to bo- pro­ wot od. 13. Universal education to bo pro­ vided. '< t Chang Wei Chiu, Editor of ‘’Chinese Students’ Quarter­ ly,” of Columbia, Gives Statement in “Current History.” ONEA FRANK REVIEW BV WHO UNDERSTANDS THE SITUATION. Outside China the Kuomingtang, or Peopto’s Party, which is now showing Ito strength in so remarkabl-e a man­ ner, has been of late regarded’as- a Bo-lshevlst -organization for -the simple reason that it -ha-s accepted assistance from Soviet Russia. To what extent Uli© Kuomin-gtang ha® been Bols-he- viz-ed Is not known-. Even -the -extent of mat-eriail- aid1 in- money, munitions and strat-egi-sts- is a matter of conjec­ ture. In the. meantime, however, it is • possibl'e to cle-a-r up s-orn-e of this -“Oriental mytit-ory” by an exposition o-f what" the Kuomingtang stood fci- -befio-re—and therefore quite indepen­ dently o-f—a-ny possible Bolshevist in- flu-ence. “ • ta^- i-Thlrty Years Ago, j^H.AW’Pd’4y-tho Kuomingtang is more than thirty years o-l-d. It was first, though, known by anctlio-r name, a secret rovol'utilonary organization un­ der the leadership -of the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Until 1911 China was a 'monarchy under the tyrannical grip of the non-Chinas-e Manchus, who were impotent to deal with both the inter­ nal and tli9 external problems- then confronting China. Within were politi­ cal corruption and racial hatred be­ tween Chinese -and Manchus; without were designing and- aggressive- foreign nations. The disintegration of China so&medi eminent. To avert this1 im­ pending catastrophe Dr. Sun led his- "party in a revolutionary movement to Overthrow the- Man-chu monarchy. The revolution -had been brewing since- 1895, and in 1911 the Mancha monarchy was deposed and-In its stead a modem republican form -of government was in­ augurated-.. Dissolved, in 1912. From 1911 bo 1912 the Kuomingtang play-ejd1 a conspicuous part in the for­ mation of the republic, of which Dr. Sun was the first Presld-ent. Ind-eed, the party wa-s so powerful that Yuan Slil-ka.i, Dr. -Sun’® successor, “dis­ solved" it. With hundreds of his party associates Dr. Sun was tliu-s exiled to Japan, where he reorganized the party on a revcilut-ion-ary basis to rescue- China from the reactionary mandarin forces that li-aid- th air centre in Peking. Since 1914 -the Kuomingtang h-as gone through varied experiences—expari- .enoes which have- served to make clear bo its- leadc-rs the necessity fo-r con­ tinuing its revo-liutiona-ry activities so as to establish China on the basis of 'cert a iff- definite principle. Three Principles. These pirlncip’-sis1, which have been formulated- in th-e- light of exi-sting con- diitloniB in China and the experience of VZ-c-s-tern nations, are- as old' as the -party itself. They are thi^eo in num­ bar—the “Thres Principles of the Peo­ ple,” as they are popula-r-ly called in China. There is no-thing strange to- -an American abaout them. Dr. Sun, when •an -exile in the United States-, being once as-iced to explain to an American in-uirer what th-e “Three Prlnclpl-e-s- of the People" were, answered simply, “Government of the Chinese peo-pl-e-, by the Chinese pe-o-pl-e, f-o-r the Chinese people.” Down With Manchus. The flii’Eit principle is imtionalds-m, itlia-t i-s, the emancipation of the Chln- 'ese people from foreign ru-l-s o-r con­ trol, and equality of all racial groups within China. Before 1911 tho -rally­ ing cry o-f the party was “Down with ( the Manchus.” When, ho-wever, the ’ Manchus were overthrown-, the party had to face -a greater p-eril—-European and Japanese- imperialism. Hence the ' formulas "Down with Imperialism" an-d “Chiin-a for th-e Chinese”-—-in other v/ords, -“G-ove-rnm-ent of the people"— the Chinese psop-le. In this formula we have- the key to the rise of the new nati-onal-i-sm—-a new impuls-e in China which has had a cultural but not a national -consciousness, "patriotism," as it hais been- understood in the West. Political Democracy. In defining pollt-ical democracy, the second prin-cipio, Dr. Sun m-ad-e the distinction between direct and indirect democracy. By tho former ho meant the rights of initiative, referendum and -recall; by the latter the right to vote. "Th-e-s-e,” ho- reclare-d-, “are^the! four es-scnti-a-l- rights of the people in a democ-ra-cy, in which the peoplo not only vote oahdliat-es into Offlce-s,. but, if n&e-d be-, -ateo recall them after they I are seated, and- possess the right to initiate laws or to- 'vo-to upon them af­ ter th-eso- laws havo passed the Ivogte- ..lait-ure.”' Government under Dr. Su-n’s principles is to bo divided into live branched—the Leglb-latUite, -the judici­ ary, thq executir-e-, tho -civil service (with selection of both clvi-1 and mili­ tary offlosr-s by ceompeti-live examina­ tions) -and an impeaching body, or c&n- eors (to bring any guilty official, oven . tho highest it -tho land, to the bar of ffiustl-co). “Tho -wtablishnie-nt of this independent impea-ching body,” Dr. Sun declared with emphasis, “will tend to lofitso-n particularly tho corruption ■ I 1. tho Balkans May Be Again Embroiled STANBEY BALDWIN • "THE BRITISH COOLIDGE to give certain to 111© JUGO-SLAVIA APPREHENSIVE OVER TREATY OF TIRANA Above is shown tho Balkan area of Europe, In which fresh entanglements are envisioned, following Italy’s- con­ clusion of a treaty with Albania. Insot is a photograph of Dr. Momtchillu -Nlntchltch, vho has resigned the post of foreign minister In the government of Jugo-Slavla as a protest against the pact, which he fears may have seri­ ous consequences for his country. Hon. Casimir Pessaulles Probably the most venerable of active legislators -in the British empire, who will round put a century on September 29 next. i..~- . , .................... .. ..........i-^. our national problems and to abolish the unequal treaties with foreign na­ tions. These things must be done in the shortest Imo possible. (Signed) Sun Wen (Sun Yat Sen). Natiomaiteim, not Bo-toheviem, to the driving force that moves China to-day, . .— ------—{*■—- -------- Midwinter. On turf and -curb and bower roof The snow-storm spreads' its ivory woof; •Jb.,paves with pearl -the garden walk; And lovingly round -tattered stalk 'And shivering stem its. magic weaves A mantle fair as lily-leaves. jfPhe hooded bee-hive, small and. low, Stand® liko a maiden In the snow. And the old door-slab is half hid Under an alabaster lid. . . . 14. Industrial enterprises- of a mon­ opolistic natu-re-or beyond the financial resource® of individual enterpreneurs- t.o be undertaken by the National Gov­ ernment. These are the minimum demands- of is being thu® graven on the minds of so many millions of Chinese, reads: For forty years I (Dr. Sun) devoted my life to a revolutionary cause in an attempt to elevate China to a state of freedom and independence, My Garland -and ally cap adorn the Kuomingtang, aud "constituto tho ■ experience- of thee-e-eventful years-has first .immediate stop to the- salvation 1 absolutely convinced me that to attain o-f China,” That the- Kuomingtang is a this- -cherish-ed goal wo must enltat the nationalistic party Is evident. The ’ support o-f th-e great mass- of people enthusiasm and vigor which the party ■ at home and work in co-operation with bion to the P-e-lcing Gov-e-rnme-nt and to the foreign imperialistic powers-, show no direct inspiration by Bolshevism. Other reasons plainly account for* the present hold o-f the- Kuomingtang upon tho Chinese- peop-le. The salvation of China has been the party’s definite and positive purpose from its beginning. Th Canton Government, which has been under the control -of th-e- party, has evidenced a degree of efficiency, honesty and progressiveness- in strik­ ing contrast to tho dilapidated Peking Government. Furthermore, the Kuo­ mingtang has tenaciously and success­ fully boycotted th-e Hongkong Govern­ ment—in Chinese eyes, the only bright page in the history of China’s .foreign relations. The Inspiration of Dr. Sun. Perhaps the most important reason f-c-r the phenomenal- growth, o-f the Ku-c-min-gtang is the inspiring per­ sonality of its- founder, Dr. Sun Yat- sen, patriot and fighter, who dedicated his life to the -ca-u-se of China. To mem­ bers of the party Dr. Sun to a martyr, the focus o-f -a new national religion. His principle® are being taught in schools, including the missionary has recently manifested in its oppost- those nations which treat us on the ------4. 1 , . ,. ... .basis of equality. The revolutionary movement has- not1 Garland end airy cap adorn as yet succeeded, and it is therefore ' The sumach and- the wayside thorn, imperative that all my fellow-workers ' And clustering spangle® lodge and should do their utmost In order to} shine realize my “Reconstruction Plan,” , in the dark tresses o-f tho pine. . .*. “Outlines of Reconstructive Policies,”j The Three Principles of the People,", and the policies enunciated in the; manifesto of the Kuomingtang at the' first national convention. Fight on, my fellow-workers, with renewed vigor to bring about a Peo­ ple’s Convention for th-e solution of Argentine's Surplus Continues to Go Higher — Foreigners, Knowing of Bearish Situation, Hold Off. An American View of Eng­ land's Ptime Minister. The British Prime Minister, Mr. Btenldy Baldwin, »acco-rdlpg to the dig* patche®, will arrive eo-on In this- coun­ try. "The British Mr, Coolidge” he I® sometimes called; but, aside from Ute coincidence that both he and the American President emerged rather unexpectedly and more or les® by ac­ cident from- relative political obscurity, -the only point tha.th e seems to have in common with the occupant of the White House is th» he owe® hls pro- minenca in British affair® to the fact that be 1® -regarded as a good,, safe man. Up till one afterxm-on in October, 1922, no one would have picked Mr. Baldwin a® a future Prime Minister of Great Britain, He had, says Mr, JL A. G. Gardiner in his “Portrait® and.- I Portents,” “been in the House for six years without creating a ripple on the surface of the waters, He passed for a -typical back-bencher who voted as he was expected to vote and went home to dinner,” Unknown In 1922. On -that afternoon in October, 1922, he made a speech at the Carlton Cl-Ub attacking the coalition which had gov­ erned England during the war and lor several years after it, and the Gov­ ernment of the brilliant and facile Lloyd. George fell. Perhaps because it was tired of political adventurers and because it did not quite trust the outstanding Conservatives, Lord Birk­ enhead and Mr. Winston Churchill, the British public put th® back-bencher who had won fame by a single- speech at -the head of th-e Government. And after one- rather blundering Adminis­ tration, in which he wrecked his ^ma­ jority in Parliament by a political mis­ step, he returned to power for a second time -and is again ratheir fidmly seated in office, though the recent midterm elections- have- been going against him. Business Man. Ho is a British business man, head of an ol'd-es'tabl-ish-ed -ste-e-I manufactur­ ing company. High colored, he looks rather like- a prosperous farmer, He smokes- a pip-e, for which he confesses he never pays mo-re than a ’Shilling. He is plain and unpretentious, ra,ther pleasant, -humorous- looking. “Second- class brain,” Lord Birkenh&ad said he had when he overthrew the Ministry of which Lord Birkenhead was a mem- b-cir. And one may infer that he has not mu-ch egotism from the fact that after tbi-s characterization he- made Lord Birkenhead a member of his own Cabinet. And probably it is partly this lack of egotism in him which is one so-urc-e of the confidence he has enjoyed and which ha-s twice placed him at the he-ad of the British Govern­ ment. Still cheerily the chickadee Singeth to me on fence and tree. Chicago.—Five months of the world’s wheat season have been p-ass-ed and prices a-re d'own 'trf! around the lowest of the period in about all countries with mo-re than ample supplies, a hand-to-mouth trade in -cash grains, extent with buying orders tor the cash •and' a light -speculative business in all’ grain.markets. r _____11 _ L„l_ ..... _____________ _BL Viewed in the- light of supplies, com- remembrance of the calendar period ' year 1926 about 3,500 live foxes o-f anthe best will in the world. pared with demand-, there is a bearish! for selling grains-, ' which i-s around average value of $300 each were ex- ( doubt whether he is a great man, but world’s situation which ha® been well January 10. Many cannot get them-' ported by fox farmers in Prince- Ed-' you cannot doubt that he is a good advertised for two months, with Ar-Jgelve® away from the thought -that'ward Island. They also sold about. man,” observe® Mr. Gardiner. Neither g-entlna’s estimated surplus being ■ year® ago -s-eli-lng grain® early in Janu-' 20,0-00 fox skins at -an av-e-rage price a very strong will no-r a very powerful raised f-o-r several weeks -and now esti- - ary in most years proved profitable,1 of $100 each, so that the fox farming mated at -around 168,000,000 bushels. - and are disposed to go slow in buying, industry in the province has yielded a This may be right, but -the trade J fearing that it might again come true.' revenue of over $3,000,000 In the- l-as-t doubts it and- is- afraid to- pres® tlieic -This .season allowance mu-s-t be made ’ year. Th-e industry is-now established schcors' in the province of Kwangtung, .other side of the market too strongly, for the recent decline in prices- and on a basis to yield a permanent source as a required course-, and are daily There 1® more than sufficient wheat for -the position of the United States/ of revenue-, preached to the youth, to the army, in sight in th-e world’s exporting coun- j which has exported more -than 150,-! _______________ to workingmen and to the- people as a ‘ tri-es to supply all- requirements until j 000,000 bushels -out of -an estimated j Kuomingtang holds sway. Dr. Sun’s J which should put the tra.de — f .parting message is. re-Cite-d before the easier po-sition than, for ©everal years-,' opening of any meeting. Particularly (asres'&rv-s-s have been about exhausted.! in the Province- -of Kwang-tung the and need replenishing, dally routine of the school chil'd'ren in-! Foreigners, knowing there is no variably begins with a bow to Dr. scarcity of supplies, are buying spar- in the next six months and far a carry- Sun’s picture and a recitation of his ■ ing-ly and will probably continue to over of 75,000,000 bushels, an everage parting message. This- message, which have -s.ma.1-1 supplies in hand for some 1 quantity. time. They have the advantage of naming prices and- know it, and are. buying Argentina and. Australian1 wheats-, which will reach them in the ■ spring, while Canada and the United' State® are not being favored to any For the present, the trade has the auys n>e s emp big concern.” A i He—Ysei—running errands for a fat wife."--------<•-------- Fox Farming Profitable. Charlottetown, P.E.I.—During A “Gcod”'Man. Politics- is no-t a game or an adven­ ture to him. He- is almost without per­ sonal ambition. He wants nothing fo-r him&elf. He is without -envy -or jeal- the ousy. He- has the best of intentions, “You may as a .required course, and are daily * . -- - - |vvv,vuv uussuei's vwv m uu esumaieu Perfect Gentleman.Whenever and wherever the next Augu-st and to replenish reserves, surplus of 225,000,000 buqhels as the* .. i , .........................- ■ - In an-extreme. Thte places, ttocowtry in1, Kenn®tl? P ?>. , . , ,7 ' .2, ; hair rumpled, -clothes soiled and hands T on boated MmseU <“ th« uble. around 100,000 000 tauhete to be cared M i£ : shouW for the rounder o the season It at-1 w d0,„ |n. lows tor exports of 26,000,000 buoheta (qalred hls mothor. R^eth surveyed ‘"ibis well-groomed mother thoughtfully, then replied: “I think I’d be too polite to say anything." with mind is discernible, but a good heart and- an excellent public conscience are. If lie to not, except in a very super­ ficial way, “the British Mr. Coolidge," he is- kin to the sort of man that Ameri­ cans commonly elect to the Presi­ dency. Ha caught the attention of England/ by a chance speech at the right psychological moment and has hetld i-t by certain s-olid qualities of hea.tr and character « --------®-------- Thatched Roofs May Disappear in Scotland ADAMSON'S ADVENTURES—By O. Jacobsson, WURFF (Copyright, iaai, by The Boll Syndicate, tnc) The Candid Child. It was the small girl’s birthday, and as a present her a-unt in the country sent her a pincushion. “Now, darling," said her mot-herr, “you must write and thank auntie." So the child obediently sat down and wrote the following: “Dear Auntie-—Thank you for your present. I have always wanted a pincushion, but not very much." I Thousands of the picturesque thatched roofed cottages of Scotland will become but a memory under a burgh bill which the Government plans to Introduce next session in the Bri­ tish Parliament. The bill is aimed at all roofs covered with combustible materials. Failure to replace the covering with incom- bustibtes within a month after tho bill's adoption -would mean a fine of £5. BILLS PIP? and tobacco Canada Uses Most Electricity. Ottawa.—According to a recent com­ pilation by the Canadian Government, Canada now leads the world In the public per capita distribution of elec­ tricity from -central electric power sta­ tions, Tho figures of kilowatt-hours generated per capita per annum by the five leading countries are: Canada 1,260, Switzerland 8S6, United Statea 581, Sweden 4’67, Norway 370. Talking Welsh. Welsh is more generally spoken to­ day than in the seventeenth century.-— Professor W. J. Gducydd, Cardiff. They Eat Too Much. Women engaged in domestic work too often get into the habit -of’ constant- , Iy nibbling at food; the result is over­ eating and ruined complexion. Rose Marior Of tho long distance staff of the Ot­ tawa telephone exchange, who adjust­ ed the plugs which completed the ra4k> i telephonic conversations betWMn Ot­ tawa and England. Taught by Wasp., • Tim teJK-rhl of paper w«s first dltfcbvoteu by -tho Chinese by’Watch- build their nests Dutter (^ported item Benin trie novjr boars, in the majority tjtscs, A ^ainp&fl device shoving the date of * its manu£«teture. . ......its ittanufectur^