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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Times, 1888-08-24, Page 3AGIU4IJLTUItIL, "Tien RIMING of Cavite. A. ttha Jate (Winter) meeting of the New York Dairymen's Association, Prof, L. B. Arnold pronounced the proper ripening of cream as essential to the making of perfect butter. In explaining the two kfzdi of changes which go Ou in cream when ripening, and which are Winced by two distinct cauaes, the change most readily noted is the development of acidity, which is the result of fermentation pule and simple, and is brought about by ho growth of organic germs whenever the kiream is warm enough to allow them to sprout and grow. The only direct effeot of the ferrhentation is to change the milk sugar in the Dream into an aoid. The acid, when formed,coagulate, the al- butnittous rnAtora in the ereava, separating them into a solid curd and servos. This fa. oilitatea churning, buthas no Lffeet what- ever upon the fatty parts of the rxeam until she acid becomes strong enough to begia to clthe butter flavor, which is thereby re- duceyt to the injury of the butter. It is immorally supposed that mincing 41e. velopes buvair•flavor. .No grcate. ,.,intake could be made. It has no influence upau flavor at all until it becomes strong enough to commence injuring it. Butter -flavor is in• creased while the cream, is ripening, but i, is effeoted by the action of the air upon the Eat 1ta.the cream, and not at all by fermentation. both pa""ticpae keweet cream is at a favorable temperae tura for riand pening;' ,ted -the air i excluded from one and a free ea.. a,ars given to the other, both will sour at the *e time, but flavor will only be increased -Al khe one ex"• posed to the air. Churning in two parts will show this. The free oxygen of the air under favor- able conditions oxidizeat least' some per- tion of the milk fats, with the result of developing butter flavor. Oxidationis most effective while the cream is sweet and at the churning temperature, or about 60 degrees; What is wanted, therefore, for highest 11ro..r, is to give the sweet cream the 1ailtgca n est ,,:‘(0 ¢ors fu•exposure to the air at a tcmperaih Those butter mh r-.,` who add sour milk or buttermilk to has grin cannot have butter which reaches "t91t -ax 4. faction in flavor. The sooner thtr'mfndLcr: dairymen are disabused of the idea that the ripening of cream and the development of high flavor in butter lie only in the souring of the cream, the better it will be. The importance of atmospheric influence in the ripening of the cream :oust be recognized by those who wish to produce the finest quality of butter. The most advanced butter•makers main• tain the perfect exclusion of the low cooled milk and cream from the air. Whenever warm air or air comparatively warm comes in contact with colder milk or cream or water, or any otber liquid, the warm air, touching the cooled liquid, is condensed, and deposits moisture in the form of dew on the surface of the cold liquid. With the dew thus deposited do alt the impurities the air may contain. ,In the case of milk and cream, these deposits impair, in a ,nark• ed degree, the flavor and keeping quality ot the butter made fon them. it is not essential that air sheen be excluded from milk until its temperature falls to the tem- perature of the surrounding air, but when it drops to that point, exclusion from air is important. Churning should be done at the first ap- pearance of aoidity. Do not wait until the cream gets intensely sour and stale. In churning, the butter should be granulated in the churn, instead of being gathered into a lump. It should be cleansed of butter- milk by washing and not by working, After lightly salting, it must be worked into a solid condition with the slightest workizg that will effect that end. Ninety -131x varieties of grapes were planted six years ago in the grounds of the Ontario Experiment Farm. The location is 1,200 feet above sea level. The following are now rec- ommended in the Report of the Fruit Grow- ers' Association of Ontario, as the best ; hard. mess, yield and flavor considered Black Wilder, Worden' Moore's Early Concord; Barry. Red : Dalawarq, Brighton, Lindley, Agawam. White : Niagara, Lady, Martha. The largest sale of cattle ever made in Kentucky by one man was. made on July 13, by C. Alexander, cashier of the. Northern Bank. He sold from his 22,000•aoro farm 550 head of fat cattle to M. K.ah>b, . of Ohio, for M. Goldsmith of New York. They will be shipped to London, England. lime to rep'ace any that niay become oar. honated. The veseela containing the eggs elitnld^ be kept in a cool, well ventilated place, A very aucoessful variation in the process oanaiets in imbedding new -laid eggs, warm from the nest, in a thick paste of lime and water. Eggs thus prepared, for six months could hardly be distinguished from those newly laid. The oentents of eggs evaporate rather rapidly through the shell ; and the objeot of tho preserver must be to prevent this evaporation, and at the same time to allow for the expansion and coetraotion of the natural air -space in the egg, due to changes of temperature. The plan of coating the shells with wax or melted paraffins fails in the latter particular. Strong brine fails because the contents of eggs preserved in ib become much reduced le bulk.—[American gtookman, SHEEP SHEARING MACHINE. An Australian oorreapoadent tells how a gentleman, who owns a sheep station near Murrurundi, in New South Wales, has now in operation, in, his shed, a sheep -shearing implement whioh ie driven by compressed air. " It resembles a pair of ordinary horse it ere, and can be comfortably hell in the h- ., The motive power causes a small piston •-eine base of the handle of tho ma- chine to w . kackwards and forwards with a bar, o rapfdi i This piston sets in motion a bar, which, wort` < pon a pivot, oauves she cutting teeth of the -, chine to oscillate very rapidly over the rigit .� eth ot the comb below. The cuttingg notion is utus praouely the same as with horse clippers, A rigid metal pipe runs along the length of the shed, and each machine in connected to it by a flexible. india,ruhber tubo. The air is turn- ed on, and the upper teeth bf the implement work rapidly `ver the comb t. the operator seizes his shee and applies the machine. As the teeth of\the comb run tieough the wool close to the skin the cutt.,,s sever, the fibres quite sweaty, and the whosee ace seems to peel off as if ay magio. There %„ chance of the animal Bing cut, as wire shears. The fleece is mu h more closely, as well as. evenly, taken o (than by the old method, and less liable to be broken and the labor involved is much less."t\ FIGHTS WITH PIRATES. Cleanlag Out a Cenple 01 lttg Free.boottng Gangs That ;wrested the Chinese Seas. From the year 1852 to 1854 the Chiuese sea, from Shanghai in the north to Singapore in the south, wads infested with pirate Draft, aays a writer in the New York Sun, As for that matter, the sea, had been the cruising- ground of pirates for a lore of yeara prove mealy, but I mention these two years for particular reasons. One was that I was en- gaged in a vigorous warfare against them, and the other thatthe clone of 1854 witueesed the death of the leading spirits and broke up piracy as a trade. In shoed far b sok days aomparatively noth- ing was known of China outside of a few sea- ports. Treaties were of little account, consuls were few and far' between. Every merchant hip was expected to dotend herself and the captain of every man ot-war had authority to bombard any town which refused to rens w his water and provisions. All nations were trading with China, but aside from a few seaports all China hated all other people. At the docks at Hong Bong I could drink tea with the Chinese merchants. Half a mileaway the people would have cut meto pieces. Wh la the country wanted to sell its products it hated the men who bought them. While, it wanted the goods of other countries it des•, pised the makers and shippers. There is no doubt that the Chinese government tacitly encouraged piracy and, could the great masa of the population have had its say, not a elm gle fereifiner woul:l beve ever been allowed o land on the coast. In the year '54 there was an association at Canton called "The Foreign Traders.'! It was composed of Americans, Englishmen, Germans, Frenchmen, Spaniards, and Rus signs, and numbered over sixty representa- tives. The capital represented amounted to millions, and the object was threefold. We had more power with the Chinese govern- ment than any foreign - minister. We had rules and regulations regarding the tea trade. We could carry a point by protests and ' • ate Every pound of tea from a district our red miles square had to passe through the hated o filed many protests against the pirates. he laxity of the govern• meet in hunting t4, .;, own, and were finally of ehelly informed th` . Qe were at liberty to take any steps we d i:� best in the matter. That. meant we couZ •., out a craft and go for the rascals right and 1et,t, need. We had been anticipating this, and haraA,raft ready at along Kong. She was an Amerio.-; schemer of excellent model and large spread of sal, and we knew that she oould outsail anything, native or foreign, we had ever seen in those waters. We armed her with a long tom and four 24 pounders, having bought theaalvage of a French man -of war. Then we picked up a orew of fifty men—all foreigners and sailors—and when we went out of Hong Kong we were prepared to give the pirates Hail Columbia. I was purser of the schooner, which was celled the Revenge; ani her captain was an Englishman namei Wetherbee, who had served as a commission- ed officer in the regular service. The first lieutenant was an American, and the other officers were divided up among the other nationalities. We flew the association flag, and, while we had liberty to go for pirates, we were warned that any mistakes would be made to cost us dearly. TEST OF A JERSEY Cow. A.D. Baker, in an interesting letter to the "Country Gentleman," says:—As I have lie - come quite interested in Jersey cattle, I will report a test I have been making with Jus of Springbrook, No. 36776. She came in the 25th of April, and the last of May I tented her for seven milkinga. S'ae made 9 lbs. of unsalted butter. Her feed was gratis and 4 quarts of corn, oats and bran, equal parte, in two feeds night and morning. I tested her again, commencing June 21, for "sever, rankings. She made 7a lbs. of unsalted but. ter, and it was drained dry. She had no grain since June 8th. I think without grain is the true test of the butter capacity of a cow. In her Last test I forgot to mention she gave 110 Ibe. of milk. The weather was excessively hot, so much so that the cows ate but little in the day time. I think she could be forced up to 25 or 30 lbs, per week, but I do not wish to' do it, for she is a good breoder, having had all heifer calves. I think the Jersey breeders should have a standard registry the same as the totting horse has, and let the standard start at 141b. without grain. Then when one wished to purchase a good cow they would know where to find it. I think of coupling Jia With one of Exile's sons, and if she Continues to have heifer calves I will soon have a herd of cows worth oaring for. I wish that breeders would test their cows and report through your valuable paper: PRESERVATION OEL"+GGS. At the London Dairy and at the Birming- ham Fat Stook Show, during the lash two years, prizes have been offered for the best preserved eggs, says an exchange. Thebe, as well as many private itests, have shown all things lime watersysem t that twois, considered, the best. A pound of lime should be stirred with a gallon of water, and the eggs, perfectly fresh, immersed therein in barrels or jars, This excludes air and any germs that might oauee mildew or mould, and prevents evaporation', so that the cora tents of the egg are not reduced in bulk, It is important to have a Considerable exam of PouLTale NOTES. Is thorn _�, ,� n s for the table•,thaw the Indian Game anuotute rlymouei R?�k ? Stephen Beale recommends a Dorking coCte with Brown -Red Game hent. Eggs are not used in the farm house as much as they ought to be. This is due largely to the want ot variety in coolants. them. There are many other ways of pre- paring eggs besides frying and boiling them. When eggs are cheap don't glut the market with them but use them yourself. Now is the time to kill and eat spring ohickens. This is the season of hard work on the farm and the farmer and his family should have the beet of food. Chickens no longer command a fancy price, and now is the time to eat, them. They are no more expensive than rl<asb or corned beef and are vastly better food;at this season. We have two adjoining yards, ono con- taining ordinary bdtn-yard fowls, made up of Brahmas, Plymouth Rocks and Cochin ; the other t thoroughbred Wyandottee. The cross-breds or scrubs produce nearly a third more chicks and eggs than the others and do not receive nearly so much attention. The Wyandottes are probably inbred too much, and this is probably the trouble with the breed. There are few if any better table fowls than the Wyandottes, and they are excellent layers. They are, however, very delicate, and often deformed and un- healthy, NOTES. It is not too late to drill some sweet Dorn for fodder. if you get your early potatoes dug in Jaly, harrow the ground thoroughly and plant your corn. You will be certain to get some forage, unless winter sets in early in. October. It is said that tile enough has been laid in Illinois to reach three times around the globe, costing between $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 ; and the experiments of the State University professors go to show that the best crops are found in the best -drained soil. Nearly all strawberry growers agree that good ,wood ashes can be applied to the strawberry plants with benefit. One hun- dred, bushels can be applied to the acre with profit, under ordinary circumstances. They should be thoroughly incorporated with the soil on the surface. No 'country home is what it ought to be without good gardens, both vegetable and flower. The best part of the family living comes from the kitchen garden, and the amount of enjoyment that the whole family derives from well• kept beds of flowers, is not to be reckoned in dollar and cents. State Geologist Thompson, of Indiana, in- sists that farmers should protect their birds In every poesibls way. Everybody knows, he deolares, that we nave 100 inseote harnt- ful to our fruit trees, vines, vegetables and cereals•to where we had one thirty or forty years ago. Why ? Largely because the birds are one tenth part as numerous as they %ere then. Yon cannot have a l.ealthy apple orohard without plenty of birds. The same may be said of cherry orchards ,and the whole catalogue of fruit trees, 'vines and vegetables as well as of the stable (cereals. Ra'ph Allen says " D dry farming fur. niches a constant source of income. Ib en- riches the land more rapidly than any other 'branch of animal husbendr . It may be carried on with small capita without dang- er of being smothered by 1 ger establish- ments.. It is profieable on hi h-prioed lands, where other cattle Would of more than make a good rent. In short dairy farming, like every other branch of grioulture, has advantages peouliar to its f, Which make it in many plaoet and unde many dream - stances a desirable and re unerative em- ployment, J. A. Dawson, of Piotou,'N. 5., was re. petted at a meeting of t • Nova Sootia Fruit Growers' aasooiation, . the Secretary, as having tried with entire •ueoesb the ap• plioatien of salt water to t : bark of apple trees or destroyiugthe b k o e f louse. One y g pint of seat is dissolved in We, gallons of water. A single applioatio is m ids' about June 10, with a eta paint rush. Cato is taken not to wet the leaves : s t e salt will destroy thein. It has the brie of being very easily tried. It la. ob burls import. ant to apply it at the right me or early in "Tune when the eggn ate hat ing. The two boss pirates of that date were Shung-Wong and Chin -Lung. The first had a fleetof seven- .or. eight Draft, and haunted the sea from Spingapore north to the Tong -Kin islands. The second cruised from thenoe as far north as Shanghai, hav- ing his headquarters at Formosa island. He was reported to have a fleet of nine craft, That both were monsters we had a hundred proofs, sad that both had grown rich and powerful it was easy to show by the long lint of missing vessels hanging in the head- quarters c ffioe. While we had kept our movements as secret as poseible, we had no doubt that government officials had given us away, and that the pirates would be on the watch for ua. To deceive them as far as possible, we ran to the south for three days, and spoke and reported to four ships bound for Canton. Then we ran toward the Philippine islands until we had a good offing, when we headed up for Formosa to get acquainted with old Chin -Lung. During the next three days we did nob sight a sail of any sort. Then early one morning we fell in with a lot of wreckage which showed us that a trader had been overhau"el and burned. We were now to the east. of Formosa, and fifty miles off the coast. Men were set to work to give the schooner the appearance of a vessel in dis- tress, and under a light breeze we made slow headway towards the island. It was about 4 o'olook in the afternoon beforeanything ap- proached us, although we saw a number of native craft at a distance. Then a small junk came out from a bay about five miles off and headed directly for us. Everything aboard of us seemed to be at nixes and sev- ens. A man was lashed to the mainmast, to represent the captain, everything aloft was askew, and the seven or eight men on deck were seemingly drunk and having a high old time. We had a man aloft to play a part, knowing that he would bo hailed in English. Both of the boas pirates had Americans and Englishmen with them—rascals who had deserted their shite and voluntarily adopted the life of a pirate—and one of them was always put forward to hail a ship. 'The junk came steadily forward to within hail- ing distance before she cane up into the wind. This was proof, whether she was honest or not, that our appearance had de ceived her. £he men on deck yelled and shook their fire ae drnnken men might do, bat at the first opportunity a voice hailed us. "Schooner ahoy! What sohooner is that t" "The Revenge, Capt. Thatcher, bound to Shanghai," answered the men aloft. " What's the matter aboard ?" "Crew in a 'state of mutiny for the last three days. They have lashed the oaptain to the mast and driven me aloft." "What's your cargo t" " General merchandise 7" "Any arms aboard ?" "Only a few muskets." There were a dozen men aboard the junk, but they dared no4;attompt to board. They Chattered away among themselves for a while, and then the spokesman called out Very well, we will bring you help." With that the_tank headed bank for the bay, accompanied anted b ythe yells and shines of the apparently druukea crew. We had a native aboard called Shin Lee. He had been in headquarters office for several years, and could be depended upon. He gave it as hie opinion that the junk Was spy beat eent out by thepiriates, who never attacked a venial by daylight without taking all due preceutfone. Be said we would see the pir- ate fi set come onb incase no sail appeared on the horizon, and bis words were speedily verified. We had been gradually edging in, there, and were not over five milers from the. land, when we naught sight of Ave junks coming out after us. There wasa good working brerz), and now, as was only na• tural, we began to claw ou. By seeming to want to get away very badly, but by care- fully manipulating the helm, we were seven miles off the land before the fleet reached us. We were satisfied of their intentions long enough beforo. It was pot to help a vessel in distress, but totake advantage of one el meet help'e,is. The junky kept pretty well together, and when within rifleahot eaoh one rased Cain - Lung's flan and uttered a cheer. Etch bad a couple of howitz ars, with which they open ed fire upon the schooner, but no harm had beer done when we were ready to spring tho trap. At the word of command every man was on deck, the gun crows jumped to their stations, and things aloft were ship shape fa a moment, Then we were round to get be- tween etween the pirates and the bay and upend fire. AChinese junk is a mere shell. One solid shot went through them as if they had been paper. The poor devils were unnerv- ed au soon as they exw the trap into which they had fallen, and devoted all their ener- gies to getting away. We could outaeil any of the junks, but it was 'Wok work with four of them. They were sent to the bot- tom one after another, and as we came up with the fifth we ran her down. Our stem struck her full on the Starboard broadside and cut her almost in two. She had at least thirty men aboard, and there was one long, despairing shriek as they went down to wat- ery graves. A few came up to clutch at the Wreckage and beg to be aboard, but not one of them would the captain lend a hand to. Saab as the sharks end not get hold of drifted out to sea with the tide. It was a fearful retribution, but these men were monsters. Inside of thirty minutes from the time we opened fire the fleet was at the bottom and at least a hundred pirates had paid the penalty of their crimes. Our captain was lamenting the fact that he had not picked up one or two in order to secure information, when there was a row forward, and it was announced that a pirate had been found hanging to the chains. When brought aft he was ready to do any- thing to save bis life. His name was Mang - Hang, and he had good cause to believe that we would reverse it. He was the captain of the j nuk we had run down,' and was ready Latell us all about old Chin -Lung. The v was • hie rendezvous, but his plunder was' 4ddon cast eaFChow. There irexebaonrraeksthe for nine en r up oo the bay, and thirty or forty men there at that mo- ment. They had captured a French brig several days before, and she was then at anchor in the bay wating for Chin -Lung's return; who was then up among Lioo Ktog ialandawith four junks to capture a large ship which had drifted into shoal water, but wasnot abandoned. If wewould spare his life he would pilot us anywhere and prove his gratitude in any way. Shin -Lee took him in hand for a few minutes and then an- nounced that we could depend upon him. We ran into the bay, brought up alongside the brig, and sent forty men ashore to clean out the place. Not a pirate was to be eeen, all having bolted for the woods. Every thing which would burn was Bet on fire, and a prize crew was put aboard the brig to navigate hor to Hong Kong. She reached the port safely and our salvage money went far to reimburse the company for its outlay, When we sailed out of the bay it was to look for the bossirate. He was nearer than we thought for. At 8 o'clock next mo 'fling we saw hie fleet dead ahead, on its way back to Formosa empty handed. and by 10 we had the junks under fire. These were a braver lot of men. Knowing that they could not outsell us, and seeming to suspect that we were an enemy, they closed right in for a fight, It did not last long, however. We had one man killed by the fall of a block from aloft and three or four wounded by the bullets from their ancient firearms, and in return not a man of them escaped. In leas than an hour's fighting al- together we sent nine junks and two hundred men to destruction. Batchery, was it? Well, call it so : but remember that in the previous twelve months the fleet of this old pirate had captured no leas than ten foreign craft and six traders, and that every man, woman, and child aboard had been murdered. There was no sentiment about Chin -Lung. He .thought of nothing but blood and plunder, and he would cut a child's throat with a smile on his face. We were now ready to sail in search of Shung-Wong. who had less power, but was just as great a villain. These two leaders had divided up the territory and compelled all lesser pirates to join them and come under their control. So, then, we had only two men to strike at to down the whole lot. At the close of the third day, after healing for the south, we came upon the track of the piratical fleet, A trader in woods and dye stuffs lead been overimuled aboub a hundred miles north of the northern group of Philippines, • called the Little Philippines. The Drew consisted of three men and a boy, and the vessel had only part of a oargo. Shung Wong had boarded her himself, and although the crew were native Chinese, he could not restrain his bloody hand. Ho demanded a sum equal to $300 in Ameri- can money. There was only about $20 aboard, and he personally out the captain's throat, had the others flogged, and went on his way to the bay of Luzon,, which atou the vest side of the island of that name. We spoke the trader, and received from her terrified crew the incidents above narrated, and then shap ad our toursq for, the bay. As luok would have it, an American ship called the Joseph Taylor was ahead of tie, and as she passed down the Coast wa-'' attacked by the fleet about seven mi off shore, We heard the rumpus « °was an hour before daylight. Theritnum• little breeze, and though greatly ir- bered, the orew of the Taylor belrashon d, aces off. At daylight the winks and the and we slid in between th`A«ng for a ae• shore just as they were pilo .sooner within gond attaok. We every range than we opened"them, and, cooing escape out off, the f�'owa tried hard to lay urs aboard. In thi"se minutes from the open- ing of the figh ie had run or sunk or run down every ,A and disposed of every pir- ate, and on ad four mon wounded'in doing been o promptly tl and p y hadP b t� Our.r well heat it struck terror to the 'hearts of all eel/doers in those seas, and it was sever years before another act of piracy was com- mitted. The Chinese government teturneu its thanks to the association, shipowner sent in contributions of money to ehtpresa their g�rratitude, and when we came to sM1I the eohoonerto the Chinese government as cruiser, the company Was financially ahattasli It was probably the briefest crulse and rltt tended with the greatest results recorded an armed sressel,.-4,Chioago Mail, FOR AND ABOUT WOMENa, GpEEN IN NEw GowNs, A fashion writer In the New 'Rork Mail' and Oxprtsa says —The great prevalenoe of the Dolor green in the costumes Chia summer in London and earls is remarkable. It is lee troduced on white dresses, either in velvet, or moire, as collars and cuffs, and oocasiep4 ally a each is added. It playa a similar part on black dresses, and time in the popular biscuit Dolor have often finishing touches iq green. This latter combination is one of thin most trying to the ordinary complexion that could be devilled. It brings out all the la- tent yellow in the cheeks, and makes even a possibly good complexion look muddy. Only the clearest and freshest coloring is unfne jured by the proximity ; but when the ooze plexion is realty transperopt and sof ply tint with cream and rose, the effect is excellent. English women do not seem to consider the coloring that is likely to suit their faoes, nor do French women set them a good eta, ample in the matter. 011e often sees a; freckled face lookir g almost black •because the hat or bonnet ill trimmed with bright* blue or pink. Some softer, subtler shade of color would,, on the other hand, tone down the darkness, of the freckles and bring out all the pink, that underlies them in the girlish face, The, shades of blue that are called' gobelin and, porcelain are excellent in this way ;' so are. the shot ribbons in which a bright tlnisis., partly neutralized, by a deeper one. Corn. flower blue in two shades is a very safe union to place near a doubtful complexion. The, tender palior'of the paler blossom is so soft, that it cannot injuriously affect the skin by making it look darker, and the decision of• the deeper blue helps to gtfre value to the, light one. a DRESS FOR THE KITCHEN. The uniform insisted upon for women by those who direct gym matte exercises is the only one appropriate for homework, so fats as the undergarments are concerned. Nn connate, loose bands, and the weighs of the; skirt suspended from the shoulders, 18 the only formula for a comfortable working dress; for woman that over has or ever can be give en. We hear, in fancy, the exclamation,, uttered by an overwhelming chorus of femie nine voices : "No corsets 1 Give up our supporters?" and we make no reply navel " Try it." Kitchen aprons, gloves, and caps to be worn when sweeping, dusting and attending to fires, are essential to cleanliness and soft hands. " Oh, I can't bother with gloves,l't exclaims some one. How mu,sh trouble and time are necessary to the slipping on of pair of loose gloves, kept in a convenient place 1 And how amply repaid is one for the infiaitessimal amount of both involved when she takes up her sewing. Consider, too, how muck more soothing the touch of soft panda to the little ones and invalids than than of hard palms and rough, cracked fingers. 'l oMsr's rici',s A lady, engaged by a Ceio:tgo paper enquire into the pay and treatment of men employed to the shops of that adopted the method of going to the d" factories in the character of aneedy girl. Her day's experience tet an es ment where jerseys are manufact given in substance as follows : By no had finished four jerseys, which were [[a , t, ed as worth 25 sects by the foreeaoman, There were about 120 women at work in the shop, and when they stopped at noon the reporter counte3 37 girls with a lunoh of dry bread, 15 with sandwiches, and 10 who ate cold pancakes. Twenty three girls were without any lunch whatever. The air in the shop was bad, but at noon the elevator stopped running and none of the girls left the building. Many of thhm rusnedinto the toilet room, which had one faucet of run ning water. " Here," says the writer, "the girls crowded like eo many cattle,, each with her bit of soap and grimy cotton towel, to wash. Dress waietl were loosened and necks, fades, arms and Bands lathered with soap and rinsed as chance permitted, Set up against the wall in the inolosure, with the faucet run through the partition was a barrel of ice water inscribed in bi letters : ' Two cents will be collected ever Satur.iay for ice water.` Besides this 1 ury every hand pays 12 cents fax.the u the machine." In the afternoon th ere er got some more work, and nohong curred until a girl was found axle p of the rooms. She was very ntok,,,j ` plained, on being awakened, The gip that, with her sister, she had begs earl the jersey factory that mornings erect. them they bad earned 27 cents rrreportet terly disgusted. By this timeents. She had raised her earnings tone put off to tried to get the money, tan leaving the the 20th of the mont3'the salesroom to building she stopped, " One of the firm d' buy a jersey. Shenugnanimity was sub, ,f waited on me. If't'black jersey that I hall' lime. The idedpr finishing was offered tee received 5 cat -dined. By way of intetest, me at $2. arments are turned out of the 100 dozeyry day in the year. As near as i faotorgtn the salaries average $4 a week e oouldnty of grown women are not allowed budrn over 28 Cents a day." As telescope power is increased we still find stars of fainter and fainter light. But the number cannot go on increasing forever, in the same ratio as with the brighter mag. nitudes, becauee if it did the whole skis would be a blaze of starlight. This much le certain, that in special regions of the sky whioh have been searchingly examined by various telescopes of sueceseively inoreasing apertures the number of neW start found is by no means in proportion to the inoreaited fnetrunlental power. If this is fouled to bia tree elsewhere,' the conolueion;mayIbe that, after all, the Stellar rigatoni can be expert. e extent of finite to be and, mentally shown , to contain only finite number of Stars. In the whole saverage an eye of p, ower will see about 6,000 stare, as ,I have suet said, With a telescope this number is greatly in- creased, and the meet powerful telesoe .e of modern times will show more than el, .t A 000 stare.