HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Times, 1888-06-15, Page 2f ,•
IRo1SEEaoLs.
Elora 01000 Acoti r.
There era many oeoaIlous when li variety
of cake is deafrable and; when a. large pre-
portionof'pretty, c w este, amqu cakes seems
to serve the purpose better than nay number
of ]cave;], As st is this happy art of pro.
Tiding .just the right thing that makes
hwusekeepiug a delightful success, husked of
a► weary burden, one needs to be prepared
for Piet these oocaafons. With expertness,
' a morning's work in the kitchen will be
enough to produce a largequantity of ex-
ceedingly attractive cake's. But ono must
meow exactly how. "All work is pleasant
if you love it, and know how to do it," says
one who is herself an expert in domestic
=sitters.. The housekeeper'a work, with its
eoustant and exacting demand, its perpetual
re tition o£ many slightly varying details,
is like all other kinds of work in this, that
it is knowledge, and knowledge alone, that
makes it easy. Expertnesamakee the result
sure and the process speedy. And the only
way to gain this expertness is by practice.
Those who have learned to make fondant
for ioing will find that it furnishes an easy
mode of preparing several very "Frenchy"
looking cakes from a single loaf. A loaf of
sponge cake and one of either pound career
Clio Madeline or cup oako mixture will make
an excellent beginning if one wishes to pro-
vide cake enough to accompany ice cream
or chocolate fcr quite a company. Iced tab-
lets are, made by cutting the cake with a
warm knife in neat, thin slices, and these in
tablettes or oblong strips an inch wide by
two in length, They mustbe very neatly
and exactly out, and two pieces are then
put together with orange or lemon paste,
raspberry jam, peach or apricot marmalade,
jelly of any kind, or chocolate melted with
a little sugar. Of course, the variety at
command is almost unlimited, and the cake -
maker will use heringenuityy, according to
the stores that she has oa hand, to make
something at once pretty and agreeable, and
to color and flavor the icing with which she
ornaments it,so as to make the combination
harmonious. Of course, it is always pieta
sant tocontrive something novel, if possible,
and it will not be a difficult matter, goner-
ally to make some little innovation that
will have the charm of novelty.
Freah maple makes a moat delicious fond-
ant ; the sugar is made into syrup by the
addition of water and stirred in the usual
manner, or it is made directly from the pure
=pie syrup. Thin slices of banana with a
frosting of white of anegg made stiff with
powdered atlgar may be used to put the cake
together, and maple fondant for the out -
aide. The tablets are either frosted on the
top alone, or the entire slice dipped, so as to
cover it entirely. The bouchees des dames of
the confectioners', which are used for dreea-
ibg pyramids and fancy pieces for pansies
or elaborate dinners, ace made in great vari-
etyy in a similar way:, Any nice cake batter
may be used, bakes' annual rouns7a. I have
found this -1 ectipt a a.sadsfaotgi'y one : Two
large taiilespoonfuls of batter- (two ounces),
a, aiinp of sugar, one egg, tydo tablespoonfuls
of cream, two smallitesjspoonfuls of baking
powder and flavorineo suit the combination
3atc»led. F
Orange flow,er'water gives a very delicate
.,ij j% 'fitter almond is most suitable
with h jam, rose water withraspberry.
Pink should be used with either.
Cream the butter and sugar, add the egg,
cream and baking powder twice sifted
through two oupfelta of flour. Beat the cake
well, then put flour on the kneading board
and mix it lightly, about as stiff as for crul-
lers Roll small pieces between the hands
to make little balls about as large as English
walnuts. Bake on battered paper, putting
them a little distance apart, as they will
,spread and make a thin round Dake of melt-
ing texture. Some of them may be finished
by dropping, rather coarsely, a few nuts—
almonds, walnuts, or any kind preferred—
and mixing with a little fondant. This may
be tinted a delicate green with spinach
coloring and called pistache. The green
coloring seems to give the attractiveness to
the so•oalled pistache flavoring used for ice-
cream and choice confectionery. The nut
itaelf is expensive and difficult to obtain,
and has very little flavor; other nuts are
almost invariably used with it, and may be
substituted for it. These little cakes niayibe
need in the same way as directed for tabl-
ett!ee; patting two together and dipping in
fondant makes a delicious something, be-
tween cake and candy, as good to eat as it is
pretty to look at.
The spinach coloring is made by washing
and crushing (a potato masher in a bowl
will answer if you have no mortar) the fresh
leaves, and leaving them to stand for a few
minutiae until the green juice separates;
strain this through a piece of muslin or
cheese cloth, squeezing hard so as to get all
the liquid portion from the leaves. Set the
bowl containing the liquid into a saucepan
such stuff, A fair roast of beef, as good
boiling piece, or .a "apply of corned beef
coats only . a Crura more than shine and
rumps, but they are far more economical.
Fiala is better and cheaper than veal and
.mutton is. better than pork, Poor living is
not by any means economical living.
} DANOING IN trnioIIS ?
"Do you think it is wicked to dance ?"
writes Elia. Well, yea, Ella, we think it is
wicked for some people to deuce. Now,
you,. for instance ; it m very wicked for you
to dance. We saw you dancing one night
last week, Every time you ,stepped you.
showed the soles of your feet like semaphore
acme, and you kicked like. an Ohio. River
stern -wheel tawboat ; your bouquet began
falling to pieces in the float round ; you fan-
ned your frizzes out of curl before ten
o'clock ; as you hopped around, your bustle
had an independent motion of its own, as
though it had no connection whatever with
the rest of your costume); you clutched your
partner so though you were going to drag
him to the station house, and you handled
your fan like a billy. Is it wicked to dance,
Elia? That style of dancing, Ella isworse
than winked. But there is also a respect-
able way to dance, but you don't know bow,
and so I wouldn't dance at all if I wore yon.,
—(Burdette.
BASED •RxanARD.
This way of cooking "the`first sauce of the
season" is so superior to the ordinary stew
that we again call our readers' attention to
it. Wash the stalks, skin, cub into inch
lengths and put into an earthenware baking
dish. Allow a cup, of sugar to three pints of
rhubarb, Do not add a particle of water.
Cover tightly and bake until tender—the
pieces should still be entire. The amount
of sugar here given may not make it sweet
enough for all tastes.
Save your orange peel and dry it to put in
apple sauce, pies, eto.
it is late now, but next year try frying
your parsnips in louder after they are boiled.
They are good.
Put a chair where you will have to move
it or stumble over it if you want to remem-
ber something you want to do in the morn-
ing.
After washing the hands in suds, rinse in
clear water. If they are rough and chapped,
wipe out of the suds, and while still damp
rub on a little glycerine.,
The prepared wood stains sold at moat
good paint shops, aro very convenient and
easy of;applioation. They are admirable for
coloring a door when one wishes to dispense
with carpet. Cherry, walnut or mahogany
are prettier than the lighter oak, stain. The
liquid being ready mixed their can be no
mistake made, and it dries in a few hours.
A stained floor is both pretty and comfort-
able for a bedroom during the summer.
One of the moat convenient articles to be
used in a'sick room is a sand bag. Get some
clean, fine sand ; dry it thoroughly in a ket-
tle on the stove. Make a bag about eight
inches square, of flannel, fill it with the dry
sand, sew the opening carefully together,.
and cover the bag with cotton or linen,
This will prevent the sand from sifting out.
and will also enable you to heat the bag
tquiokly by placing in the oven or even on
'top of the stove. After once using this, you
will never again attempt to warm the feet
or hands of a sick person with a £bottle of
hot water or a brick. The sand holds the
beat a long time, and the bag can be tucked
up to the back without hurting the invalid,
It ie' a good plan to make two or three of
the bags, and keep them on hand, ready for
use at any time when needed.
Empress Victoria and the
_Germans.
Where the odious insinuation that the
Empress has introduced a strain of unhealth-
iness among the robust Hohenzollerns comes,
it is very difficult to say. One sees it crop-
ping up in all kinds of places ; among the
nasty gossips of the backstairs ; in the very
face of the evident foot that a family more
vigorous than the Royal family of England
does not exist anywhere. The work that
they get through in the most conscientious
business -like way would kill off in a year or
two, a delicate or unhealthy race. Out of all
her large family, the Queen has had but one
delicate child, the late Duke of Albany ; all
the rest of our Princes and Princesses are
hale and hearty ; no •pale spectres have ever
gathered about our royal board. They tra-
vel, go through the mosit tedious forinalities,
bow till our sympathetic necks ache merely
to see it, stand till our sympathetic limbs
tremble under us, and are ever ready to be
called upon for a thousand uninteresting
duties. The Queen herself is far from young,
as must be allowed. She is a great grand-
mother ;; but there ate not many working
women who, within sight of seventy, would
of boiling water, and a green curd will be be considered capable by themselves or any
formed. Strain again, letting the whey run one else of doing the work carried on by the',
off and retaining thus green curd, which is a Soverignwithouteither complaint deach Lauer
Very effective and perfectly harmless color-�
We cry shame. upon ourselves and each other
-mg atter. A very little will color a good
when
toilin °d Something must be randmother of the
donet for
deal of fondant or ice-cream, aid as it will her; that, at least, cannot be allowed to go
not keep long it is only necessary to make a on, we say. But the Queen always go on ;
very little ata time. A good handful of takes long tourneys across Europe, presents
leaves will probably be enough for the pun taxes
after travelling two nights in nieces-
p0$e' cion, nntired, ready for everything, to
Lady fingers make a very dainty cake throngs of gazing strangers, although we all
when perfect,• but too often those bought at know that to be stared at and crowded is
the bakers are little more than a soda sponge not naturally agreeable to Her Majesty.
cake. There is a knack fn getting a good And .it is the Queen'a daughter who is sup -
shape with a spoon, but it can be done. I posed to have brought a=strain of weakness
give a receipt for those who caro to oxperi- to the Prussian house 1 The old Emperor,
meat. Three ounces of butter, four of au- like many other younger potentates, was
gar, three egga, six ounces of flour. Sprits, bolstered up periodically with baths and
Me a little sugar over the cake end bake in cures. The Queen requires no Gastein, no
a Very quick oven --to prevent spreading, healing and soothing waters. I heard' a
lessen the heat after it has set. whimsical story not long ago of a young ser-
vant at Windsor who had been reprimanded
for falling asleep before his work was ever.
Cabbage contains 73 parts ofnutriment It was his duty to put out the lamps. "Ne -
in each 1,000 and turnips 42, while potatoes body oughtn't to sit up so late," the young
oontafn 120, Data 143, beans 890, peas (dry) man grumbled in self-defence. It wan the
030 , and parsnf s, squash, apples and Queen, busy overwork, who kept this hum -
onions rank high as nutrition, . easily ble attendant out of bed. And the Queen's
digested and wholesome vegetables for the, family are like her. There it not a sickly
table. The truth, is that cabbages' and Child among her decendants. It is time that
turnips areggthe moat expeitaive articles of ell odious whiepore should be contradicted.
bet They aro r en can put Let the gossips name a family less subject
common verage fowl e r
iris � n for beasts . an se of (toddy. Nobody their pr proper place 1N the barnyard. T'he 'can do this ; but in the meantime it is coag
same ride a toe to meats. The poor food to whisper about invisible taint where no
eoanouilsii a�vises. the purchase of beef spina, is.
reek pleges, forequarter veal, spare -ribs such thing -i-
aced other outs made up of seven-tsntha bone Printed matter ie measured by , r eau,"
end irwro• tsntlts grinle to one of meat. The the letter rt m " beingthe unit. T`liefollow.
in that a proor num ova .tor Bout the oompilation lir Prof. A. P. Lon : The
bon and vitae, 'supply its Owe
r and make a roru+p h one-tenth
Wheat he has thrown away his
he hard the eat hot cost
!s
the Moat
wow to boy
NOTES ON CURRENT a. NCS.
sE
The desire to be taxed is se rarely etlnced
that the case of the Baptist minister at
Woodstock, who has applied to be "exempt-
ed from exemption," is deserving of motel
mention. It seems that the Baptist clergy
wish to share with the laity the expenses of
municipal government,
The negroes of the Southern States are
showing signs of development, and are both
phyafcally and mentally undergoing a trans.
formation under the powerful influences of
their environment, It is said that the new
generation is. evidencing the eases of a high-
er culture; and that the flat nosed, kinky -
headed negro is passing away and is being
replaced by a colored race with aquiline
noses, smaller mouths and thinner lips,—R'x
The Falange across the Atlantic is gradu-
ally being, reduced in duration of time to a
pleasant trip. The Cunard line .steamship
Etruria on her last trip to New York beat
all previous records, She made the passage
from Queenstown to New York in six days,
one hour and fifty-five' minutes, being an ave-
rage run of 19i knots an hour,
A prominent advocate of prohibition cal-
culates that the principle will be in opera-
tion in Canada in about fifteen years. If
this prediction should be verified prohibi-
tion will have triumphed within exactly
half a century of its former narrowly missed
success. A prohibitory liquor bill . passed
its second reading in 1854 and woo defeated
on its third reading by a majority of one.
The Dunkin Act, given ten years later, was
a oompromise measure.
Banishment to Siberia as a punishment for
political ' and other offences will soon be
numbered among the traditions of the past.
The Rueeian Government has decided to
substitute imprisonment in fortresses or
gaols for exile to Siberia, though it is
thought that their object in making the
change is not based on any humane motive,
but is simply to relieve Siberia of the repu-
tation of being a penal settlement, and then
to push on its development: both commer-
cially and politically.
The Austrian Government is causing the
arrest of emigration agents.. who resort to
misrepresentation with a view to inducing
the people to seek fresh fields and pastures
new. This is . heroic treatment, but it is
humane. So many Englishmen with their
fumilies are persuaded to leave comfortable
homes for a terrible uncertainty on this side
of the Atlantic that it is a wonder emigra-
tion frauds aro not put down by the strong
arm of the law in Great Britain as well
as inAnstria.
The yearly average number of foreigners
arriving -in Russia is over 800,000, and of
those who leave the country 750,000.
Exact atatistica of the years 1872 81 have
been kept; and it appears that during
these ten years 9,458,132 foreigners arrived
and 8,025;198 departed. The 9,458,132
arrivals are thus classified. Germans come
first with 4,871,571, then Austrians, 1,305-
133; Persian subjects number 255,207,
French 122,771, Turkish subjects, 70,387
Roumanians, Bulgarians, and Servisn'
41,872 English 20,691, Italians 17,3598.
Greek 14,885 and all other nationalities,
120,038..
Theylh(ive several societies in England for
lightening the bit of the working girl. `One
known as the Young Women's Help Society,
has' eighty branches in the large cities and
towns, besides twenty-four in London. !.'he,
work is principally carried on by means of
evening clubs, which furnish music and sing-
ing, with coffee, lemonade, etc., and also look
after sewing claazea, etc., and give the girls
an occasional day in the country. Each of
these clubs is superintended by a matron
and by ladies who tak % so many evenings a
week. In a letter to the Times of May 23
the Duke of Newcastle speaks in high terms
of the Work accomplished by these ineti-
tutione.
upon to y gr bo illness in y ole ty
BtTile contains 8,4501) r r i it ems," Webster's
cation* 20,000, - a +Chamber's Enoyalo•
mils'• o x,000 Jyohnson's Cyolo aiddia
000e0 ... 1`e ii''. to die 60}•600,.
p fl di BrIbsnnlria 140,000,-
The determination of the Queen that in
future no dame from the United States shall'
be presented at court unless the lady be ac-
eompanied by her husband, has, it is said,
caused -consternation among the grass
widows of New York and other U. S. cities.
The London Figaro says It cannot be
denied that there have lately been introduc-
ed to her Majesty ladies who across the
Atlantic do not, at any rate, live in the
odour of sanctity.
A terrible picture of the deteiorating in-
fluences of American civilization is drawn
by Rev. Howard Crosby. He say's : "If
America is to be ruined it will be material.
ism, the accumulation of individual wealth,
and the mad chase for such accumulation,
It is that which will dry up human sym-
pathies, divert the mind from high and
healthy thought, degrade art and science
and literature, destroy family life, poison
the fountains of society, sanction immorali-
ties, and make the nation a seething cauld-
ron of selfishness and unrest, The greatest
need of our land to -day is an education away
from this fearful danger, which the pecu-
liar conditions of our country have fostered,
and which the thoughtless minds of our
youth so readily accept."
Lord .Charles Beresford is a firm believer
in; the benefits to be derived from physical
training. He proposes that the Imperial
Parliament shall pass a law requiring that
in all municipalities having a population of
over 100,000 the future councils under, the
Local Government bill shall provide a gym -
maims!: open from six in the morning till
ten o'clock at night, with a competent in-
etructor always in attendance. The gym
malum is to be free to all residents of the
municipality, the costs to be met by local
taxation, Lord Charles Bcreaford's idea is
that the training supplied at the gymnasium
will counteract to aome extent the enervat-
big influences of town life on the male popu-
tion.
Chicago has always been famous for the
prevalence of crime, but on Saturday last it
truly distinguished itself. A woman, who
was figuring in a divorce suit, attempted to
murder her hesband'b lawyer and fired four
shots into his body in open court ; a man
out off the oar of a person who had offended
him and Carried off the severed organ as a
trophy, and throe women and a man insisted
on drugging and abducting agiri. of fourteen
years of age. Truly three great incidents
to odour in one day in s civilized city. The
son of the woman who Shot the lawyer had
previously attempted to kill her husband
and nearly su5ceeedded in do so.
plait, with one noteworthy exception, the
day of execution is not fixed by the judge ;
the week is appointed, ,luring which, at the
discretion of the State Warden, the sentence.
Oen be carried into effect. 'Thus will the
sixth day of the week no louver carry the.
odium it has so long borne as 'r hangman's
day." The bill forbids the publication of
any detailed account of the execution in the
papers, and against this clause, we think, no
respeotablo journal will protest. When one
paper publishes all must publish. But when
such newspaper accounts of the sad and
shameful death of a felon shall have served
to arouse a sen'imont in favor of its gradual
mitigation'or abolition, all the good that
can be done by them will have been accom-
plished.
The; Prohibition party of the United
States, through ite convention, has finally
committed itself to woman suffrage. The
resolution they have adopted is that the
right •of suffrage depends on no mere circum-
stance of sex, colour, race or nationality. It
is thought by a certain portion of the press
that the prohibitionists have weakened their
cause by this additional plank in their plat-
form ; and it is argued that as woman's suf-
(rage is twenty-five years behind prohibi
tion the union of the two nausea will simply
retard progress. The women are, however,
among the most ardent advocates of prohibi-
tion, and it would have been ungrateful had
the convention refused to support their
claims to the suffrage.
The Post Office Club.
Every year about this time we begin to
talk about killing the potato beetle. Pota-
toes are our great crop. We have a near by
market for every potato we oars raise, and
a cash market too. Our soil and olimate are
all right for raising potatoes, but the beetles
seem to„ have taken a great fanny to our
neighborhood. They are with us in armies.
No matter how many we sill one year,
they are ready for the fight the next year.
They teach us lessons in energy and per-
severance which if well heeded, would be
money to us. We have generally settlen
upon plaster and Paris green as about the
best weapon in fighting the beetles. Most
of us use the tin sifters sold at hardware
stores,but we never have been able to settled
upon any definite strength for a mixture.
Sor1e use nearly three pounds of Paris -green
to a barrel of plaster, 'while others use
much less. This year I shall use one pound
of the " green" to a barrel of plaster. We
have all sorts of methods for mixing the
poison ; but most of us still mix on the barn
floor with an iron rake, If somebody could
invent a cheap machine like a Blanchard
churn for this mixing he would get a good
sale for it. As for grubs and wue•worme,
the talk this year is that chemical fertilizers
are best for producing smooth potatoes.
"It vas quite easy to tell der character
off a man mit der looks off his potato vines.
Off a man vas a good citizen he vas look
oud for der gonvenience off der neighbors.
He vas remember dot dem botato bugs
vas haf some.spide mit all der vorld, and dot
day vill make afen shorter work mit his',
neighber's vinee. Gonsecfuently' it vas der
duty off dor good citizen.to kill all der
botato bugs. He vas haf no moral
right to fatten dem bugs so dey vill eat
somedink .. dot belongs mit his neighbor. ,
Der man dot goes mit der` beesness off
breeding botato buYo dot .damage his
neighbor's broperty vas shust like off
dem Anargists, end vas not a save man mit
der gommunity. Und der same ting vas
tree off dot man dot let blenty off weeds
grow shust vete der seeds vas blow ofer mit
his neighbor's farm."
New York Is the first state to adopt the
scientific method of painless exbiaotlon fn
ridding the community of its oriminals. A
New York journal thinks that the time is
approashing when capitalurdrhment will
be sbelblrea altogether. trays s '' h.
1 1 n bolero bThmnrdr Is
F ---W'
Horse Breeding In Italy.
One of the most useful of the leaflets
which are being circulated by the agricul-
tural Department is that on horse -breeding
in Italy, published this week. From this it
appears that a new code' of laws regulating
horse -breeding was passed last June by the
Legislature, by which it is provided that
from June 1, 1888, and during the period of
eight years from this date, not less than 800
stallions shall be purchased for the Govern-
ment stallion centres, for which a sum of
£19,000 is allotted. After Jan. 1, 1889,
private individuals will not be allowed to
keep stallions for service unless they have
been duly approved by the Minister of Agri-
culture, an action calculated to prevent the
use of unsound and unsuitable sires. The
fee charged varies in amount from 10s.,
the most usual charge, to £1. In the
list for the ensuing year there are
six stallions, for which the fee is £L 13s. 4d.
(forty lire), English thoroughbreds. 0f the
362 stallions for service this year, only two,
the:trotter Amber, son of Clear Grit and bred
at Brantford, Ontario, and a thoroughbred,
Andred, by Blair Athol, bred in England,
aro.put at comparatively high rates—name.
ly, £6 and £4 respectively. It is seen upon
examining this list of stallions whose pedi-
grees and country of birth are given, that
116 of these were bred in England, and 130
were. bred from English horses either in
France, Russia, America or Italy. In the
last live years 237 stallions have been pur-
chased by the Italian Government, at a cost
of £44,200, or an average of about £186 per
head. The total number of marls covered
in 1887 was 13,006.—London Live Stook
Journal.
Partings.
Oh, Bessie dear, to me be kind 1
Don't drive me from the cushioned chair,
When by the fire poor puss yon find
Prepared to spend the cold night there l
And Bessie, when I sing my Gong,
HoWhhypindo you ory to a Sreat puss Gou 6 'long 1"
And to the cellar drive your friend !
Perhaps you do not understand;
But could I make my meaning clear,
And you'd my language at command,
These are the words would men your bar :
11CIENTII!'IC,
Awob oL.
We'extraot the following from a recent
artiole by T, B. Wakeman, Esq,, published
in the Bureau Record, It gives eorne points•
of intoreab to the imbibers of- alooholie
poison.
It is now known that what we call fer-
mentation le caused by the sudden increase,
by millions on millions, of a little animal
Dell, or miorobo, only visible under the
microscope, and which used to be called
the yeast plant, but which is now dignified
by the scitn' We name of Torvula Cerevisiae,
whioh is Latin for the string of twiata that
appear in cereal ferments, that is, those
made from corn or grain, the gift of the old
geddesa Ceres. Thio little fellow is one of
most wonderful, and, if rightly used, one of
the most useful inhabitants or our globe.
He is not a plant, as was at first Fbelieved,
for he feeds only on a vegetable substance,
viz.: grape or fruit sugar, called in chemistry
glucose, and he, in so doing, gives off car-
bonic gas, and an excrement, which is a sub-
stance wholly devitalized' by the living pro-
ems of the little animal, much as ashes result
from the burning of coal in a stove. These
breathings and excretions only result from
animal life, and in every way this microbe
assimilates bis eugar•food, propagates,
breathes, excretes and lives like an animal;
and when dead and cremated, smells just like
burning animal tissue. Now this excretion
of this fruit-sugar•eating animal is alcohol.
Ail of the alcohol in the world comes, from
this animal in just this way, and in none
other. It is always the same substance, and
has always the same properties—just as salt
is alwaya salt.
These little microbes, or yeast•animala,
are in the air and pretty much everywhere.
They dry up and seem to be dead, and float
about, but as soon as grape or fruit sugar
(glucose) is exposed, they are there, and the
rate of their increase in it is marvelone. He
is the father of our bread as well as of our
wine. We know him best as the active
agent in the yeast cake, whence cower the
useful fermentation which lightens our bread
previous to baking.- A penny yeast cake,
dry as a ohip, contains at least, 7,000,000 .of
these animals. Put in a warm dough, and
in an hour he will count over 140,000,000 !
and this increase and hia minute carbonic
aeid gas -breaths will have made the dough
throughout as "light as a feather," and
ready for tho oven. . Therein the heat vol-
atszes the alcohol, which he excreted in the
dough, and the result is that we have light
and healthy, instead of heavy, unleavened,
indigestible bread—but free from alcohol.
Now, wherever glucose (fruit or grape
sugar) is found, this fermentation process
caused by this living and breathing and pro-
pagating process of this yeast animal cal
goes on, sooner or later. His food, when
from, grape juice, gives us wine ; when from
apples, cider ; from pears, perry ; from
honey, metheglin ; from malted grains,
beer, etc. In all cases the starch or cane
sugar is changed first to glucose, and then
the yeast cell is set to work and secretes the
alcohol by fermentation.
The process is, in short, this :
Glucose consists of Carbon (6 atoms, or
equivalents), Hydro�� gen (12 atoms), Oxygen
(6 atoms) ; or C6, H:12, 06. The yeast ani-
mal takes to fend and warm himself (asaimi-
fates) ,just one half of .this glucose, or 03,
H6, 03 ; of the other half he 'breathes off `a–a'
01, 02, which. is the formula of carbonic
acid gas ; and the rest of the glucose he ex-
cretes as alcohol, of which the chemical for-
mula is C2, H6, 01.
All alcohol comes at first in just this way
and no othor:—[Hall's Journal of Health.
" lmp•u-r-r-tinent pm r-r•son, why pn-r-r-
eist in p.0 -r -r -suing thinu•r-r-nicious
p
u-r•r•poao? P-u-r•r-haps can p-u•r-r•
suede you to p•u•r r -m n-r•r•asoto it Chi p a d
p -u -as top�� u -r -r -severe in her p -u -r -r -pose of
gu-r-r•subig her nap in peace. P•u-r•r-ched
here she can p•u-r.r-petrate no p-u-r-r.ni•
cions p•u••r-r-loinings of any p u r•r•son's
app•u•r-r-tenanees.
This is the p-tt.r-r-port of my p•u•r-r-potn-
al p-u.r.r-ings, 1 hope you will p•u-r.r-
oelve them to be p u-rr•tinont and p -u -r -r.
'twelve, and will p -u -r -r -form what I p-u-r.r-
naive to be pu-r•r•feetly p u-r•r-m3ealble.
Vim your p.tt-r•r.Seout - p•u-r' pd er.
GUNCOTTON AND NITRO•GLvcsuixE.
Gunpowder is slow compared with' the
new explosives of the century. There are
half a dozen explosive agents which can give
a charge of gun -powder a fair start M a race
and beat it. Scribner's Magazine says of
two of these
Guncotton constitutes the best military
exploeive known, for, while its explosive
force vastly exceeds that of gun -powder and
approaches that of nitro-glycerine, it is the
safest and moat stable explosive we possess,
since it oan be stored and transported wet:
and while in this state, though it may be
detonated as described above, it cannot be
exploded in any other way. As much as
2,006 pounds of wet compressed gun -cotton
have been placed in a fierce bon -fire, where
it has gradually dried, layer by layer, and
been consumed without exploding. Besides,
gun -cotton is the only military .explosive
which can be detonated with certainty when
frozen. In calling Wm military explosive I
mean, of course, for use in torpedoes and
for military mining, and not as a substitute
for gun -powder in guns; but it may be, and
has been, suceesefully used as a charge for
shells fired from gun powder guns both in
this country and abroad. Shelia contain-
ing as )ouch as as 110ounds of gun -cotton
have been repeatedly fired in Germany.
The most prominent rival of guncotton
for military uses • and the best explosive for
industrial purposes is nitro-glycerine and
the mixtures of which it forms a part. This
substance was discovered by Sobrero in 1847,
while carrying out a series of experiments
under Pelouze. Its liquid foam makes ib
difficult to store and transport, and permita
it to find its way into unexpected places
where it constitutes a source of danger.
Considerations such as these led Nobel,
about 1867, to invent dynamite, The name
is now applied to a great variety of nitro-
glycerine mixtures, but they all consist of a
porous solid absorbent which makeup the
liquid nitro-glycerine by capillarity, and
holds it in its pores or interstices.
The most impor,ant n£tro•glycarine mix-
tore is explosive gelatine, also invented by
Nobel. .This is made by heating nitro•gly-
oerine on a water bath and adding to it
from 6 to 10 per cent. soluble gun -cotton.
A Mint to Young )People.
Did you over nee boys or girls cat fast
slam doors, rush through a room, talk laud,
swing their arms, shake their ehouldere, bow
es stiffly as if they, were ramrods, or act SS
loose jointed as a jumping -jack, never of lir
older people a neat, make up facet, say care.
less things, and use bad grammar and slang!
This is the kind of boys and girls that some.
times stand before a looking•glase, and Wan•.
dot why they aro not invited into 'moiety.
A rope just finished for the Edinburgh
cable tramway is 17,000 feet long. This is
the longest nnsplioed cable in use in --Great
Britain, but for the Melbourne (Australia)
tramways rope e. 20,000 and 26,000 feet in
lengh, and without splicing, hive been sap.
plied. The lattr weighs tons.
aa.