The Wingham Times, 1888-03-30, Page 7FARM,
rermanenQe of Manures,
Sir John B. Tomei' tells ue, in your col-
umns, t1a0 while the fertility obstructed by
crepe cannot be restored to the soil, plants
may be nourished by fertilizers, To such of
ire as were educated to believe that, to good
Rolle at least, the manures bootee integral
and hoznogeneoue with them, and that the
amalgamation was permanent, this wee a
%wprma% but it was reserved for the author
of Garatoning'for Profit and Iiow the
Farm Paye" to give us a real shock, ,1
quote from page 113* of the firet•named
book ;
"We believe the common practice of top -
dressing asparagus beds in fall to be a very
wasteful one, in districts where it is not
neoeasery to provide againd severe freezing,
for asthe plant is then dormant, the juices
of the manure aro either evaporated or else
washed down by rains, below the roote of
the plant, * * * All our practice, corro-
borated by direct experiment, has convinc-
ed me beyond all doubt that manures, either
liquid or aolid, organic or inorganic, are un-
profitably employed when applied to plants
in the dormant state."
In "'1Tow the farm Pays" we are told,
p. 13 : " It is a delusive belief that manur-
ing or tillage, no matterhow good, will ever
bring a poor, thin soil, into permanent for
tility, unless the application of manure 18
yearly continued ; for no ordinary amount
of manuring or cultivation will maintain the
fertility of any soil over two years, as it will
then either have been taken up by the trope
growing on it, er else have been washed
down below the depth at which the roots
penetrate."
So that the plant food hauled on to the
soil as a substitute for fertility abatraoted
will only, stay there " two years 1" rt mere-
ly filters through it, by gravity 1 Now,
can you explain away the inevitable force
of these statements to such of us as are till-
ing lands whose fertility hag, to say the
least, " not been maintained?"—X. Y. Z,
Piedmont, Y.
Limited conclusions are often drawnfrom
local experiments, and rules intended for
universal application based on peculiar ;and
not widely varied trials. From the many
experiments which we have made in many for, not only at fairs, but by consumers gen-
years, on light, sandy, gravelly, and some erally. The colour is always considered by
of what would be termed hungry eons, on the buyer, But he is not deceived. He
one hand, and heavy, strong and clayey knows when butter is colored and when it
land on the other, we have found a great
difference in the length of time that soils
will hold the fertilizing parts of manures.
Cast-iron rules cannot be established from
trials alone on either kind of soils. Onaandy
sed gravelly soils, the value had disappear-
ed long before the exact " two years" had
passed ; and on strong, clayey learns they
lasted more than twine that length of time.
On the last-named soile, careful experiment
has given a much heavier return for manure
applied in autumn or early winter, while
plants were dormant, than in the succeeding
spring, for instead of being washed away,
,the absorbent character of the soil held it,
while time was allowed for ib to become
well diffused among the particles. Differ-
ent results . and different conclusions may
be drawn from unlike soils, and where,, in-
stead of the moderate application of manure
for farm crepe, it is applied annually at the
rate of a hundred tons or more. The " in-
evitable force" of the statements given in
the preceding quotations is therefore en-
tirely dissipated by a wider series of ex-
periments.—ED.
PLANT . Fnw SHRIIB'.
.1 til•
Mrs, Reynolds, I find that she teamed some
years ago that the cream of farrow cows
will not Boma to butter as seen as that of
new miloh cows, end that it passes oft' in the
buttermilk, As we have always had but
little farrow owe' milk, or those that have
given milk for six months or more, else has
always mixed the two and let the create go
with the buttermilk, then let it dee as all
cream will, and akitu it off and use it for
cooking. It is much' lees wont than to keep
the cream and milk separate, In tbie way
there is but little waste. In a dairy of a
largo number of old milkers, it• would pap
Rind du .Lac County, Wia..
NoM..
The origin of coloriug butter is found in.
the golden hue of butter made ;from the
fresh pasture grasses of. June, As to the
origin of the practice of coloring ;eheeee, we
suspect ,"'no teller" can find it ,out, It con
tainly is not suggested by nature, which
only imparts a creamy tint. Possibly some-
body thought it made the cheese look more
buttery; but how any body can see a sug-
gestion of butter in the brickyred color too
often. given to cheese, is beyond our compre-
hension. We much prefer the natural color,
and the tendency toward paler cheese looks
as Hit would.'" come to thio complexion at
last,"
An additional cause for high coloring lies
in the fact that Jersey butter, as a rule, has
both a high color and a, high flavor, '•Lbs
flavor of Jersey butter was at first objected
to by some as too high and 'too rank ; and
probably many still object to it on these
grounds. But nevertheless, the Jersey has
set the standard for color.,,and seldom is the
color of the products of other herds, save
those from the Channel Islands high enough
without a resort to artificial means to hightail
it. At fairs, the judges have given, prefer-
ence to the Jersey hue, and the butter of
other breeds has suffered beoause of assumed
defective color, though ib might not in the
least lack in point of flavor. A good deal
of injustice has probably resulted from this.
Consequently the expert butter -maker has
added to his other accomplishments that of
expert coloring in imitation of the natural
Jersey tint—all because high colour is Balled
to eep the milk separated. E, REYROTnS,
Planting -time will soon be here, and be-
sides the trees of which we spoke last week,
the shrubs should not be forgotten. A gar.
den or yard without ,its shrubs is like a
wood without its underbrush.
Here is a list which are hardy, easily ob-
tained, and flower at different seasons of the
Summer: Flowering, Almond, leaves similar
to the peach, flowere iu masses before the
leaves in early Spring, 4 to 6 feet high. Ber-
berry, several kinds, including the purple -
leaved, which is an ornament in itself ; the
common native makes a very pretty shrub.
Ctethra or White Alder, handsome white
flowers: from August to October. Dogwoods,
several very fine shrubs, all worth growing.
Deutzias, the double white and double pink
of the D. crenata, D. Scabra and D. gracilis,
are all handsome. The upright Honey-
suckles, really charming, early Summer
flowerers. The Forsythia, a golden stream
of flowers before the leaves put out at all.
The Hydrangea pansculata, a gorgeous mass
of white in the late Summer months. The
Mock Oranges—who does not like their de-
licious fragrance ? The Golden -flowered
Currant is another of those hardy, tweet -
scented Spring shrubs, different from almost
any others : the Red -flowering is not quite
so hardy, nor is the oharmine Japan Quince,
With its brilliant scarlet flowers. Sexeral of
the Rhus or Sumach family are pretty. The
Smoke, or Fringe tree is an old favorite.
The Rose of Sharon or Althea will not stand
the extreme north climate, but in a tem-
perate climate it is fully at `home. The
Spice -bush is also shy of the North, except
in well protected localities, This is really
true of many low -growing plants. Their
home is under the shelter of woods, 'and if
partly protected by trees, their chances are.
improved.
BIIRNT EARTH FOR GARDENS.
The early practice of manufacturing char-
coal, in the days when forests were abund-
ant,left fertile spots of ground wherever
. the piles or pits had beau made. These
spots were noted for their luxuriant crops
,of wheat and corn for many years after-
wards ; and the European practice of par-
ing and burning has been quite successful in
the for instances where it has been adopted
in this country, especially on heavy or clay-
ey sells. We have found in past years
much benefit in its use to garden drops ;
drys sods, during a season of drouth, mixed,
with brush and other rubbish, answering
the purpose after slow combustion We ob-
serve a statement of Dr. Voeloker, who
Made the analyses, that the amount of sol-
uble matter in the soil was increased Prem 3
to 10 per omit. by the bureleg, with an in.
Crease of available potash and phosphoric
'acid. Some other favorable Outages were
made.
PARRoW Cows' Matt.
I notice an inquiry by Antes Hoyyt.
in reference to renting the milk of far-
row bows with the milk of fresh (rows. Mr.
Hoyt was informed by a gentleman from
Delaware bounty that the oream froth the
milk of the farrow eows will not come to
butter as soon at the Bream of the nein miloh
cows, and if mixed would rtin off in the
buttermilk, In discussing aubjoot with
is not; but if the hue is right, he cares not
whether it is natural or artificial.
It Pays to Raise Trotters.
We gnite ;agree with an American con•
temporary that there is as much profit in
raising the trotter at in all other farm pro.
duos, grtvided he is bred right. The high-
est prloee camas be realized for horses out
of common mares, but a standard -brad ani-
mal is always in demand and pays a large
profit. There is in nearly every eouuty of the
,Dominion, where agriculture IS carried on,
one or two atandard•bred etalUous doing
stud duty at fees within the moans of the
average termer. If it is within the means
of farmers to keep one or two standard -bred
hisses that can care their keep, it will pay
well to raise Colts from them, The first ooat
of eueli marcs is the moat important item to
the farmer of limited means, but as it costs
no more to keep a well-bred mare than ono
of common stook, and as their produce by
standard stallions bring higher prices, the
difference is largely in favor of the better
bred horse. It is not incumbent upon the
farmer to develop his stook for a sed pur-
poses, :He can leave that part of the horse's
education to those who make a business of
it, end who will pay him a good price on
the strength of pedigree alone, Aside from
the utility of the trotter as a speed horse,
he is the best for light general work that
the farmer can make use of. His endur-
ance, nerve and sprightly ovements snake
him of value if he never goo off the farm.
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