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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Advocate, 1887-09-01, Page 3' r ,411, e EARm AND GARDEN. A good farea "Remove the canoe and the effeet 4411 eeaSe," 114mer.le 1034449; 8 eoPeern theraselYes in the PreePeritY and haPPinese et their len:ante and the laherere POder them. As Writer IS' confident that he flay la ft approachingwhen people will see that 4erl, i muda. grass s a hippinginstead Of ,a pest. Pi Potatoes keep better n heaps covered Soot thick with straw and a few inches, of earth than with less straw and ingrowth. People suffering from weakness of nervea should seek relief in eating largely of cel- ery, bleaohed, when not in season, 0744 The less sceenings fed to brooding mares the,better. There is always moreor less foul seed in screenings that is not geed for them. In all planting it should be remembered that character of soil determines growth of roots and that a young fruit tree is not going to grow directly through a hardpan. String beans maystill be planted for a late supply, as the vines grow quickly and bear well during the warm weather. English hop prospeots are not good. There are complaints of fly and weak vines where cultivation has been at all indif- ferent. Pinola back the ends of the lima bean =mere as soon as they reach four or five feet in height, so as to force them to send Out laterals. There is no curculioproof plum. The process of jarring the trees is always neces- sary, no matter what variety of plum may be grown. Early rising, with the work done in part before the heat of the day, and a good rest at noon, will save the horses during the warm days. It is quite generally understood tlaat the Canadians are now producing cheese which sells at a higher price in the British market than that made in Now York. Sheep for breeding next season will do well on pasture alone, but a mess of oats at night will compensate for any lack of pas- turage where the flock is large. Shade trees sometimes require attention. Woad ashes should be applied around all kinds of shade trees at least once a year. Theliedges will also be benefitted by ashes. If the clover hay is musty and cense. quently dusty, it ought to be sprinkled in the manger ; if too musty, it should be thrown aside for timothy or some other bay. Turkeys hatched ad late in the season as July will be difficult to raise, owing to the attacks of lice, unless given careful atten- tion. They will also fail to attain large size by the end of the year. Age has much to do with the profitable milk production of a cow. The best age to purchase is from 4 to 6 years, and it is not generally profitable to keep them beyond 8 or 9 years old. Do not use a blind mare for breeding pur- poses. The colt may be all right, but— blind horses are of little value. This would also apply to breeding mares affected with ether diseases likely to be inherited. A fruit grower now ships his berries largely in pint boxes. Naturally enough the smaller bulk carries better and the berries go on the market in splendid con- dition. Hawks are very fond of young turkeys, and when once they get a taste of their tender meat and learn where a gang "uses," will swoop down and carry one off every day. Hard water may be softened by adding sal ammoniac. One can also use spirits of sal ammoniac, one teaspoonful to half a gallon of water. For waehing purposes the dose must be stronger. Flies are terrible annoyances to stock during this season, and every stable should be supplied with screens to windows and doors. 'They are not expensive and will enable the horses and cows to secure rest. Good clover hay is always considered equal to any other. It is the standard by which all other grasses are coMpared and no farm is considered fully supplied for winter that has not had a crop of clover grown upon it. Butterine, as it is called in England, is used so extensively that the dairymen have applied to Parliament for a law compelling its name to be changed from butterine to maga.rine. They think they can head it off in that way. Of blackcaps a writer finds Souhegan and Gregg both good. Souhegsai is Very hardy and productive, berry a good shipper and of fair quality. Gregg has winter killed more or less, but nevertheless has always borne a good crop of very large berries. To preserve stakes, posts, etc., placed in the earth, from going rotten or decaying, dip the ends of them in the following mix- ture : Heat three gallons of tar in an iron pot, then add one pound of lime and one pound of coal powder and stir thoroughly. The "English Cluster " is a fine hop to yield; they generally grow so much in cluster that they pick very nicely, and pickers sometimes can average five or six boxes a day in pioking. For the amountof vines this variety generally yields better than any other. Buckwheat is an excellent crop for redtie- ing weeds and for turning under as green manure, while its blossoms afford ample work for the bees. About five pecks of seed are sufficient for one acre, but if it is to be ploughed under the thicker it grows the better. If the lawn be frequently mowed it should have an application of fertilizer twice a year to prevent injury from frequent cropping. A mixture of 200 pounds sulphate of pot- ash, 100 pounds superphosphate and 50 pounds nitrate of soda per acre willbefoinad excellent. A box with entrance holes no larger than one inch in diameter will be an inducement for the wrens to take possession, as they will then be safe frern the attacks of larger birds. Wrens are excellent insect extermi: /mica's and should be encouraged in every possible manner. The manner in which an animal IS faii: toned in the stall—there to remain in some localities most of the time for six or seven months of the twelve—hah greatly to do with its well being; thrift, health, itoprove- . ment, and consequently re profitable returns maritally expected. The best time for Watering CoWs is after feeding and twice per day; say 8 6.111. and p.m, is quite sufficient for meeting all her Wante in the stable, but cow�tt pasture are generally siippesed to do best with Water in each lot, convenient to be had at desire: For the purpose of protecting tititd0Or Weed strtigtures from decay and preserving for thena a light brown color, there 18 per; tiftPO nothing ee efficacious .ite erncle Petro- leum put on Copicinsly Witlr. a coarse brueli, What are tere d " Washeff" are liable to Peale Of hy e?Tesnre to, !rest aP4 rain. After a ten mile journey oh:4m a (Rudy road, 11 your horse OM aside of 4i§ 9W4 iteeer4 to a Watering trellg11, do net Yenh hie? around With the conunent that he can wait till he gets home. He can not wait andnet suffer for it. Let him drink, not too much perhaps, hut just enough. He will be in rapoli better condition at the end of the trip. And so will the driver if he be possessed of any kind feelings at all. The man who carefully blanketed his paws while being milked, so the flies would not hip them and cause them to kick over pail and mkker, mighthave obtained really humane an at the same time lasting corn - hart to the cows by allowing them to rest in a darkened shed. The idea may really be carried with profit to providing such yefuge in pasture where biting flies are numerous, The subject is especially directed to dairymen. Beware of bogus tree agents. Make them ohow reliable oredentiale before you pur. chase; the best remedy against imposition is more intelligence on the part of the peo- ple generally. They should know enough to discriminate between the genuine and the countetleit ; between honest, reliable, trustworthy agents of nurseries of estab- lished reputation and those who succeed in imposing on the ignorant by selling imag- inary fruits at wild prices. There are times when horses will gall that have worked for years without doing so. This may be due to weather, altered condition of harness, to peculiar state of blood, skin, eto. In such a case give a tablespoonful of the following powderthree times a day in feed or otherwise Powdered ihubarb, pure powdered sulphate of iron and cream of tartar, of each six ounces; mix. Use some gall powder to heal the galls, which may be done while the animal is at work. In planting apple trees many dig a hole one half or two-thirds large enough and jam the roots in, leaving them at the bottom turned up more or less and cramped and crowded, then throw in a lot of coarse manure and fill up with common earth and think they have set a tree, when they might about as well have thrown the tree away. The roots should be all straightened out and have plenty of room and the soil worked with the fingers among them till spaces are filled and then fill up with soil. If weeds exist on grass lands they should be pulled up if the mower cannot be used, as the seeding of the weeds will soon destroy the value of the grass plot. No weed should ever be allowed to produce seed, says the Philadelphia Record. Theo- retically, good; practically, absurd. True enough no weed should be allowed to seed. But by the time the farmer had completed the pulling process on some farms the pro- perty would be in the hands of his children of the third and fourth generation. Don't be in a hurry to leave your farm even if you have had to pull pretty hard and both ways at once to make ends meet. To go from a farm to the city and find all the little things that cost you nothing on the farm have to be bought is something many never think about. A. little kindling wood to make the morning fire, a cup of milk to make something, a little piece of butter, an egg or two and scores of little things which you as farmers think nothing of, when they have to be bought amount to quite a sum at the year's end. The plan of judging of the merits of cows by a comparison of " records," instead of relying entirely on pedigree and color marks, is adding greatly to the value of our pure milk cows. Not only the quantity, but the quality also, is considered, and so rapid has been the improvement that soma of the records are seemingly marvellous. Make a compost heap upon which to place therefuse of the farm, such as tops of vegetables that are not fitto feed stock, rakings and leaves, and add a proportion of manure occasionally. Upon the heap throw soapsuds, urine and other liquids, care being taken to have all material cut fine. Dry dirt may also be added as an absorbent. It will prove excellent for the garden next spring, as its fine condition will permit of its being spread evenly. An inquirer asks the best summer and winter diet for chickens and states that he feeks cracked corn, shells. and garbage. Corn should not be given in suramer. The best diet in summer is meat once a day with chopped grass, cooked potatoes or other bulky feed. Feed twice a day. In winter give meat and cooked ground grain with potatoes or chopped cabbage morning and wheat and corn at night. Fat hens will not lay. Make the hens scratch and work for grain. Never keep feed before them. Garbage, gravel, ground bone, shells, etc., are also excellent. More care should be had by those who pack butter in tubs to have them new and well soaked in brine before any butter is put into them. Careful dairymen put a piece of thin muslin over the top of the butter and then sprinkle Salt on it. It is a better planjo put the muslin on the bottom, well wet, and a layer of salt and then pack the butter on top. In this way there is a double protection against the effects of the air and surrounding influences. A dry and cool place is best for storing butter. When the tubs get covered with mould or are reeking with the condensation of water from the air, the butter cannot possibly be kept sweet. A universal competitive exhibition of science and industry will open at 13russels, Belgium, -May 1st, 1888, and continuo six months. Fifty-six committees, represent- ing all industries and various specialties, have framed questions whose solution forms the basis of competition. Medals, diplomas and 6100,000 in cash will be awarded to exhibitors, who are given special inducementby the Belgian Gov- ernment in the way of transportation, management and duties. The barrel ofegga in process of hatehing ClUBRENT TOMS - Tim street railway managers at pyracuse are sufficiently progressiVe to adopt elec. witchi toyti tfowr;alittl jinn; p•anht ofievery thr ntevteeoe constructedecityi n the country has donerrao, They have selected the DafOor SPregee eyptere, Which inyolyes the use of a trolley running upon overhead wires. The cars are to be lighted by electricity, and electric push buttons will ireentaohlgeettoff. hepassengers to signal their de SUSANNA MADollA SALTER, Mayor of Argonia, Kan., is having a very puccessful administration. When she was elected to her present office her enemies predicted that she would make a failure of her effort to run the municipal affairs of Argonia. Up to the present time she has roade no great blunders. She is, however, tired of the burdens of office and says that when her present term expires she will retire to private life and leave the government of Argonia to the care of the sterner sex. KArdatAuk, the jocund monarch of the Sandwich Islands, may have signed the new Hawaiian Constitution under duref3s, but it contains one potent clause which will doubtless be a valuable consolation to his perturbed spirits, i. e., "The King can- not be sued or held to account in any court or tribunal of the kingdom." This leaves the door wide open for the two most phe- nomenal phases of His Dusky Highness' activity, the amassing of "1. 0. u.'s" and an illimitable programme of royal sprees. , Con. Ione H. Pimp, who lives at Plants - villa, a little manufacturing town in New England On the New Haven and North- ampton road, is preparing to astonish the world by his inventive genius. He elairas that he has proved the practicability of establisehing passenger traffic between this country and England by means of pneu- matic tubes placed under the ocean. He thinks that in the future a man will be able to breakfast in New York and take lunch in London. All that Pierce needs to establish his invention, so he says, is money. But we regret to note in the pie - tures of inventor Pierce a slight resem- blance to Charles J. Guiteau. Tun mysterious death of Mrs. Cleveland.); pet monkey during that lady's absence from home is a matter that will doubtless receive investigation when the Mistress of the White House returns. It has often been observed that pet dogs, cats and par- rots, cherished by their mistresses, but secretly detested by the master of the house, are subject to an unusually high death rate when the woman that dotes on them is absent and her husband is at home. It is perhaps charitable to suppose that the President of 60,000,000 people has been too busy with public affairs, and with preparations for his journey to the south and west, to connive at the taking off of the monkey. But a straight certificate of death will be required before Mr. Cleveland can be wholly relieved of suspicion. DIE arrest of it Russian princess in Paris on the charge of stealing, shows that even the nobility has its kleptomaniacs. They tell of an English Prime Minister, now deadand gone, who was given to this weak- ness. He could not see it pair of gloves or a snuff box or any portable article lying aboht without feeling an almost irresistible desire to put it in his pocket. It is said that one of the.duties of his private secre- tary when they went home was to search his pockets to see if he had picked up any- thing that did not belong to him. Klepto- mania is usually called stealing, but it is a fact admitted by medical men that klep- tomania is it disease. Victims of it have been known to abstract the most useless things, and even things that were of the smallest value. WATER CRESS can be successfully grown where the ground may be alternately drained and flooded, but it will grow on the margin of any running streams after it is once established. Or, ditches may be dug from the main stream so that the water will be a few inches deep and about two feet wide, and the seeds sown or the plants set in these ditches, after which it will take care of itself. Peter Henderson stated some years ago that many a farmer in the vicinity of New York realized more profit from the water cress, cut from the margin of a brook running through his farm, in two or three weeks of spring, than from a whole year's hard labor in growing corn or potatoes. IRELAND is famous fOr its stout and its whiskey, and it also promises to become so for its bottles. An Irishman, Mr. Francis Hazlett, has invented, and an Irish com- pany have brought out, a mechanical apparatus for blowing glass by the mouth. Hitherto it has been considered impossible to improve upon the human lungs, and so the glassblowers of the world have gone on puffing themselves away at 42 years of age, which is the low average of life among the handicraftsmen. The new invention dispenses entirely with the human lungs, and injects the air into the molten glass by an air -pump not unlike an ordinary syringe in shape and action. This is fastened to the ordinary blow pipe and makes little difference to the workman in handling. Manifestly the invention is of advantage to the workman, and as to the employer, it will enable him to produce bottles at two and a half times greater speed. You have often read wondrous and lying tales of justice administered with unerring judgment in Turkey. Here, says the Lon. don correspondent of the New York Sun, is a true story of Turkish justice: A drover complained to a cross-legged magnate at Rodosto that he had been robbed of two oxen. Three Turkish gendarmes were sent to recover the property, and soon discovered two peasants going off With two oxen. One of the men: WaS shot dead. The other eecaped, and the policeraeri hastily buried their man and banie back in triumph with through the unusual and protracted heat, two oxen. But the Man Said those oxen which started from Indiana last week, has had riot been stolen froin him, and it was reached Jersey City and is now located at I plain that the peasant had been shot for a grodery ;store on Bergen avenue. Ngt.idriying his Own cattle. ? situation was , withstandirig the number of chickens taken uncomfortablebut Turkish diplomacy from the barrel at Verielie way_ etatiOnsi I fixed things. Another Man was found to there are still quite a number of embryos , swear he had been tabbed of the oxen, and reinaining in the barrel. If the Bergen they were turned Over to him, whieb re - avenue grocer wants to make his story 'loved tile gehaNrinee from guilt. They available he nitat avkiat that the chicken§ did not go unpunished, however, for they Plait out of the shells ready ,..in. and had baried the dead peasant without first broiled with a pleee of buttered toast under washing the body, which in Turkey is a h k n crime except in case of it soldier killed in Ottle, For that PegligenCe they were fm- larisone4- Tll2 humine efforts of the malted states and the Canadian GoYerumente to Protect the lives of codfish and mackerel are worthy of recognition by Mr. Bergh's society. Canada. Punishes the ,American who catches fish, and the United States imposes a fine upon the Canadian who tries to sell fish. The real secret of the trouble is that A.naerioans have a depraved and unnaturel appetite for fish, and contuma- ciously persist in eating them in defiance of the well -meant effort of the twp Govern. ments to extirpate the evil of fish -killing, This evil should be attacked at the root, and fish.eating be made a crime punishable by imprisonment without the alternative of a fine. If the possession of fish bones, scales, sounds or tails, or of fishing rods, lines, bait or little brown jug were made prima facie evidence of guilt, the fish habit would be as completely destroyed as is the whiskey habit in a prohibition town— Bangor, Me, for example. The present half -way method of reform only makes fish come more expensive to the American people without in the least lessening their reprehensible liking for the article.—N. Y. Standard. THE parting of the two Emperors at Gastien was, as the cable describes it, ex- ceedingly touching. The veteran Prussian was " overcome with emotion," and "kissed Emperor Francis Joseph again and again." A pair of lovers separating after it month of billing and cooing by the seaside could not have been more demon- strative. Possibly the much.kissed Aus- trian forgot in the excitement of the moment that his effusive adorer some few years ago thrashed him most effectually at Sadowa, deprived him of the headship of Germany, which his family had held for hundreds of years, and left to him only the empty shadow of his former greatness as it German sovereign. Yet the humilia- tions of that day when the fate of 3rerme.ny was decided as much by the rapid march- ing of the Prussians and the dilatoriness of some of Benedek's legions as by the actual conflict of arms cannot already be entirely blotted from the memory of the loser in the fight. The venerable Prussian is said to still cherish the remembrance of the first Napoleon's despotic oppression of Prussia in the early days of the century; and it may be imagined that soraething more than kissing will be needed to wholly cure the Hapsburg kaiser of a suppressed longing for his day of revenge for a defeat that is not yet twenty years old. THOMAS NELSON it SONS, American agents of the Oxford Bible Society, say that the sales of the revised Old Testament are steady; they are not increasing, but hold their own. They are not, however, to be compared with the sales of the King James version. The revised New Testament is practically dead, in spite or perhaps as a result of the enormous sale when it first appeared. The American Tract Society people say that only 1 per cent. of the Bibles sold are of the revised version. The price of the New Testament has been re- chiced from $1.50 to 80 cents, and from 40 cents to 15. James Pott & Co. report that they do not even keep the revised ver- sion in stock. The American Bible Society is required by its charter to pub- lish the Bible " in common use." It has been waiting to see if the revised version became the one in common use. It has not as yet, and is not regarded as likely to. An officer of the society, however, says that the revised version will always have a sale as a good commentary. The American Baptist Publication Society reports a steady sale of the revised version, to be used mainly as a companion to the King James. The Methodist Book Concern does not handle it atall and never has a call for it. A represen- tative of Thomas Whittaker, when con- sulted, called the revised version it literary rather than a commercial success, and did not believe it , would ever supersede the King James. Canada on Her Dignity. Uncle Sam—Say, Canada, you ought, as a matter of honor, decency and justice, to return McGarigle. Canada—McGarigle, McGarigle, who's he? "An American office -holder who stole a lot of money belonging to Chicago tax- payers. We want to put him in the peni- tentiary where he can't do .any more mis- chief to the community." "Did he have help?" "Yes, plenty of it. Buck McCarthy and a lot of others." "Did you put Buck McCarthy in the penitentiary? "Well, when you cage Buck McCarthy it will be time enough to talk to us about McGarigle."--Ontalia World. She Knew Where It Was. Sis," he said, "do you know where my baseball mask is? I've hunted high and low for it." " I didn't know you wanted to use it to- day, Dick," said his sister, uneasily. " Well, see if I can find it for you," and she went upstairs. She found it without much trouble. Sim Was All Right. Mrs. Blobson—What's that? Oh, hor- rors! The hotel afire! Mr. Blobson—Yes, come on. We've no time to lose. Mrs. Blobson—But hero am in my nightdress Mr. Blobson—Good enough 1 Vm glad you've got out of your ball dress and ihto something decent. Not Very Encouraging: Featherly (to messenger boy)—" Did you deliver the note to the young lady ?" Messenger Boy—" Yes air." reatherly--" And wha:t did she say ?" Messenger Boy—" Shesaid : ' Oh, pshawl It's from Mr. Featherly.' "—New York Sun. A Promising Youth. Magistrate (to Chinaman)—What is your complaint against this young man, John? I Chinaman (unable to collect a laundry too =awe by and by. It has been found that the plant which precludes the licorice root of comMerce will grow without irrigation or cultivation in ,the little valleys and fiats of Nevadahi T ish,ere is an indigenous plan of the same species that grows wild everywhere on the ii 111.1at 44,E9ther Now. here's a hand -glass, let nie try If 1 Can this time see ?est one of all these funny thiege MY.Mether eeeeiuMe. phe says my eyes areytolets— Arid,what she says ie true— nut I think they are Net twe eyee Donthey 1904 so to yen? Olie says ray lips ere cherries red, Azia makes Wiley° take II; bite; They never leek like that to nip— Hut mother's always right. pile says each cheek is like a rose; And this 1 surely know, never would believe it—bat What mother says is so, no says my teeth are shining pewee; Now that's so very queer. . If some folks said it, Why, I'd think"-- , But then 'twas mother dear. I only see a little girl, With hair that's rather wild, Who has two eyes, a nose and mouth, Like any other child. —Lizbeth B, Ceram, in St, Nicholas for Sep. ember. THU TIE. 'TWOS the counter for gentlemen's ties, Where maid with the brightest of oyes Made the quickest of sales To extravagant males Of the baubles frivolity buys. Said a chap by her witcheries caught; "Oh (leery, I say, have you got Some wear I can buy That will never untie In a. strong, indissoluble knot ?" " Oh, yes :" she exclaimed, "I can make A knot that you never can break, Except you resort To a lawyer and court. Now, what sort of a tie will you tako Said the lad, with a face very red; "You nifty tie me the knot as you said— Will you tie it for me r " Yes, deary," said she. Soon the papers announced they were:wed. RURAL JOYS. Oh, let me drink from the moss -grown pump That was hewn from the pumpkin tree, Eat mush and milk from a rural stump, From form and fashion free; New -gathered mush from the mushroom vino, And milk from the millt-weed sweet, With luscious pineapple from the pine— Such food as the gods might eat. And then to the whitewashed dairy Illturn, Where the dairymaid hastening hies, Her ruddy and golden red butter to churn From the milk of her butter -flies; And 111 rise at morn with the early bird, To the fragrant farmyard pass, When the farmer turns his beautiful herd Of grasshoppers out to grass. Like Her Elders. A story of the rising generation : In one of the suburban towns there is a young lady—quite a young lady she is, too —whose somewhat boyish aspect and inno- cently masculine tastes have won for her the soubriquet of Tommy. Not long ago she gave a little party to the children of the neighborhood, and in preparing for the event her mailer, in order to get at an idea of the sort of young people her daugh- ter would like to have attend, told her to prepare a list of those she wished to invite. Tommy went to work with zest and in a, short time finished a pretty long list. "There, mamma," said she, with an aix of conclusiveness, " there's every singleone that I want to come." Her mother took the document and read it with an astonishment that increased as, her eye approached the end of the list. Tommy had only one girl's name on the ,wholew"Why, t! Tommy," her mother exclaimed, "do you want none but boys to come to your party? What are you thinking of? "Well, mamma," said Tommy, "you know girls aren't any fun!" But would your boys have fun if there. weren't any girls?" "Weren't any girls? Why, there'll be Kitty Bickerstaff and me, and that ought to be girls enough!" The mother, however, insisted upon the, nomination of a full quota of girls; but in order to get it she had to make inquiries, herself. Tommy's information was deficient., —Boston Transcript. Couldn't Withstand Temptation. The door of a Cannon street cottage opened in answer to the bell, and the book agent inquired if the lady of the house was in. "I'm her." "1 have a little ,gem here, the Laurel' Wreath of Poetry; it's one of the—" "Don't want it; house full o' trash o' that kind now." "Maybe you'd like something in the' religious line, now. I can recommend this Eliza Spriggins' Faith Cure' as the most inter—" "All nonsense every word of it; don't believe such stuff." "Ah, then your inclinations run to fic- tion. Here's a pleasing work, James the Lumberman; a Tale of Tonawanda.' Path, ehuo—, the'm' things for me; you may's. well' go ; I don't want any of 'em." "This little book on the 'Preservation of Female Beauty' is a treasure; I'm 81171-Fow"mtich is it? " "Only seventy-five cents. I've sold 1,300' copies myself." She took it, and before she was rid of him she'd aubscribed to Bunyan's "Pil- grim's Progress," the "Life of Daniel O'Connell" and an illustrated edition of "Anonymous Poems." An Economical Jury. "How did it happen that you didn't find that man guilty?" asked aNew York man of the foreman of a jury in Dakota, "the evi- dence wa dead against him." "1 know that," was the reply, "but if we'd a found him guilty we'd'uv had to hang him." Certainly." "Wel], we're paying taxes enough now. Hangin's is expensive."— Washington Critic. Where Woman is Solidi Some things a woman doesn't know,Tof course, but one of them isn't what she thinks of some other woman.—Journoi of Education. She Caught On. Husband-- " Sarsaparilla " (winking knowingly), Wife—" LE mon 1 without the wink I" "The Boston bicyclist never vtakes header," says the 2'ranscript.**Bnt intakalt he ever was " projected from thei periphery of his oirCular steed" a gleam Of ,intelligence oVerspreads his face. •