HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Times, 1893-04-14, Page 1VOL. XXI.---NO. 1105.
WINGHAIVI, ONTARIO, IPRIDAY,.APRIL 14, 1893.
This week we want particularly to draw
your attention to our stook of House Pur-
anshings. Spring house cleaning will soon
be upon you with all its consequent worries
and trials and the good man will be expect,
ed to take a cold lunch in a corner or if
the wood pile, maybe, and must not say /a
word abort it, for "Tho house is just a little
upside dawn, you know." "Strange whore
all the dirt' comes from, anyway." This
room wants a; new carpet, that window a
new pair of curtains or the hall a new oil
•cloth, To help you a little oat of your
trouble, wo eau supply you with all of these.
Our carpets, lace curtains, curtain netts,
art musilns and oil cloths, are all here, We
start lace curtains at 50 cents a pair and
are value. We claim that we can give yo
better value in these goods than any othe7
house in the trade, as we are the onll``y
Direct Importers. Call and be shown
through, compare prices and values. Car-
pets out and matched.
Shop early'laul secure prompt delivery,
This store 41 isea' air seven, .
i1Q,y ,�4YlY, R
v. varsa
ORR & HISCOCKS,
Direct Dry Goods Importers.
BEAT., Marsh 23, 1893.
t"z
Marriage Licensee
Maned by FRANK Pemasov, No 23, Vic -
street, Wingbann, Ont. No witnesses
required.
LOCA&NEWS
Oysters at Jas. MoKelvle's, 35 ots. to
40 cts. per quart.
—Rey. E. . Hughes removed to hie new
field of labor n Wednesday.
—Farmer say that the fall wheat has
come throng the winter splendidly, and it
looks well.
—Mr. We lington Martin has removed to
Dungannon ;avlbere he will open out a bar-
ber shop. o wish him success.
CAnnrnoEs—I expect to have a fine line
of Baby Carriages in on Saturday. Wait
for them. Prices low, at S. • GmcEr's.
—The rains the latter end of last
eek, together wh. the thaw, did consider•
able damage to cl sins and a number of
,cellars were filled with water.
—Mr. E. C. Cl ke conducted the ser-
vices of St. Paul church, on Sunday last.
Rev. Mr. Wood 11 take charge of the ser-
vices on Sunday ext.
—Hallos there ! Where are you goin
I am going to the Wingham shoe store to
buy my shoes; I get all rips sewed free of
,charge. J. J. Mel iLaoi'.
—Mr. Richard .1s, a former resident
. of this town, has p rahased a boot and shoe
store fn Harriston. His many friends in
''Wingham will wis him success in his ven-
ture.
—Mr. Angus Mc uaig, of Lucknow, the
great square timbe man, was in town on
Monday. He had a very successful season
last winter, and is now shipping to the Old
.Country markets.
—Ladies, have your garments made by
Miss M. Johnston, Gregory block, opposite
the Queen's Hotel. Jas•test styles, good
fork, always first-class fit.
—An exchange hi
when it says :
means regular,
The newspaper is
advertising and th
solutely necessary t
s the nail on the head
:osperoue advertising
ntinuous advertising.
re natural medium of
only one which is ab -
business publicity.
—Nominations to 11 the vacancy in No.1
Waod, will be hold a the Town Hall, on
Monday, 17th inst. at 11 a. m. Should
move than one condito be »laced in nom-
ination, the election 11 he held on Mon-
day, 24th inst.
--An exchange has e following sensible
remarks, which will • ply to Wingham :
The quiet state of to.. e during the past
week has sot many pee le hustling to get
the necessary money to meet their obli-
gations. There are man people who owe
accounts to different stor . keepers who aro
well able to pay, and sho +d do so, andthus
allow the struggling mere ant to pass over
the dull season in happin :s. For the next
icier weeks very little trad eau be expected
from the farming comm city, so that those
in town who can help on merchants over ,
the drag should do go. Xliero are nope of
them too Soli, to refits= money,
The Werld'b Vale
Xijust st now.theo•vnng out big inducements,
but it is not in it when it Domes to welling ,
�.ediea' fine.'i t,.li shoes for 95 If.
It
E. . Dei sits
—Try Myers' Royal spice for horses and
cat le at, Griffin's Grocery.
An additional wa house is being erect-
ed at the rear of Mes •s. Snaith & Pethick's
hardware store,
—Bell River, near Amherstburg, has of-
fered the MoCormi Its $25,000 bonus, 15
acresof land and and ex caption from taxes to
put their Canadian Oka there,
—A good girl wanted; to do general
hoes vork. Apply to
Mus. Jens McLn.x.
—Dr. Macdonald w 11 shortly remove his
•esidence to the lot just south of Mr. H.
Davis' residence, on ntre street, and will
greatly enlarge and i prove it.
—Mr. John Carrie, of East Wawanosh,
is a delegate of the C ngregational church
attending the meetin s of the Western As-
sociation in Guelph tl is week.
—The Clifford Bap so cornea to band
enlarged to a six -c umn quarto sheet,
The Expreoos merits th success it is meet-
ing with.
—The Canadian Ord r of Chosen Friends
is duly registered, and y the recent deci-
sion at Toronto is tl only order of that
name legally entitled do business in On-
tario.
I have a few Parlor Suites that can - be
bought cheap, for cash. Clearing out the
present stook. Call at S. GRAcxr's
Furniture Rooms.
—St Helens Co respondence Clinton
Now Era : Mr. A. ' rdon left on Monday
last for Wingham, w ere ho has procured
the position of he clerk in Mr, J.
Hanna's store;. Ad. ill be greatly missed
around here, bat we ish him success.•
—The Vancouver News -Advertiser in
announcing the •reviv 1 service in the Fir
Baptist church they , hardly put - the case
rihtw n
"The when it said evangelist will
again preach this a ening upon the subject
'The Horrible Pit, to which everyone is
welcome." • -
—G T R trains • for Toronto and east
leave'Winghatn at 6.35 a m and 11.20 a m.
via W G & B Division. and at 0,45 a
and 3.50 p m, •via Clinton and Guelp
Good couneetious by all trains;.
—Mr. T. J. D
cheese factory at Bi
employ of the Dom
in town en Tuesday,
to Prince Edward I
employed this season
in cheese making.
lon,- formerly of the
royale, but now in. the.
pion .Government, was
He was on bis way
land, where he will be
in giving instruction
—A social was iven by the Christian
ndeavor Society o St. Paul's Church, at
the residence of Mr. Win. Cornyn, on Mon_
day evening. The ev. B. W. Hughes and
wife were prosente with two beautiful
rocking chairs by tl members of the so-
ciety. Mrs. Hughes has been vice-president
of the society ever s nee it was organized,
—Apprentices wanted at once to ]earn
the dressmaking. Carter's (late Prof.
Moody's) tailor system—only perfect sys-
tem of dress -cutting, taught to apprentices.
Miss Hodgson has resumed business after
holida3 s and guarantees as before perfect
fits, latest styles, and good work. Teach-
ing tailor system a specialty.
—The License Co missioners of West
Huron met in Clint° yesterday. We have
not got a report of tl licenses granted for
this issue, but wil give it in our next.
There wore applicatio s for 38hotel licenses,
two shop licenses and wo wholesale licen-
ses for the license year 1893-4. The num.
ber of licenses issued 1 1 year was 37 hotel
licenses, two shoji and vo wholesale licen-
ses.
—The Canadian Pt ific Railway will
give its patrons the eh ice between laud
and water travel in re hing the World's
Pair. One of the Com ny's palace steam-
ships will be placed on he route between
Chicago and Owen So d, and will carry
package freight at first but will be increas-
ed if required. As th Canadian Pacific
stearnships are among he finest afloat, a
good business is antiei ated.
—Stun OAts•--I have a limited quan-
tity of pure, clean, Golden Giant, Now
Rosedale and Gra.nette Oats, for sale.
Prices on. application,
It. W. Haslnres,
Wingham P. O. Ont.
1"nesT CoNGRMIATioNAb 0111.M011f
Wises/04.--W. H. Watson, Pastor, Set -
vices each Sunday at 11 a. tn. and 7 p, m.
Sabbath School and Bible Glass at 2.:30.
Prayer Meeting every Wednesday
et 8 p. re., Christian Endeavor on same
evening at 6'17, in, All made welcome.
Seats free. Strangers welcome, Sunday,
April 10th. Services, chafing subject:
''The- First Gift of an d Time Revival.''
Evening: Returned rooperity, job 42,
1 to 10.
--Cash for good butter and eggs at R A
Graham's market grocery.
—The schools in wn reopened on Mon-
day last, after the ' aster holidays.
—The electric lig t poles have been erect.
ed to the new powe house at Lower Wing -
barn.
—Mr. Thos. E. Valkor has closed his
butcher shop in to n, and, we understand,
he contemplates r moving to Michigan.
—Mr. R. C. .Sp cling is now buying farm-
ers' produce of al kinds at the town hall.
Entrance at the est side.
—Mr. F. Wixs n, of Ingersoll, a general
agent of the Ma y, Harris Co., spent a few
days with Mr, H. Ross, the local agent,
last week.
—A specialty in Picture and Wreath
Framing. Large new stock of mouldings.
Also a fine lot of beautiful Pictures just to
hand, Don't buy until yon »all at
0, fanAoxs's.
—Tho Chicago lade, New York Police
Gazette, Illustrat d Times, Weekly Varie-
ties and Wild Oat have heon placed under
the ban by the ct stems authorities. Any
persons handling hese papers in future are
liable to a fine of 250.
— The General Assembly of the Presby-
terian church fo • the Dominion meets in
Brantford in Ju e, when some 400 commis-
sioners from the different Presbyteries of
the church will nstitute the highest court
of the denomina 'on.
—For first-class tailoring and cheap
gents' furnishings, try Webster & Co,
Remember the place, only two doors north
of the old stand and between Ross' book-
atg and Pattersou's jewellery shop.
,+"-A meeting o the Wingham Board of
ealth will be h ld in the Council chamber
on Monday even g next, at 7.30 p. m. The
Board is compo d of the Mayor and Clerk
and Messrs. Joh Hanna, Wm. Robertson
and D. Sutherla d, with Jos. Bullard, In-
spector and Dt Towler, Medical Health
03 Der. :
-A. meeting f those, interested in Iacros-
e was held on onday evening in Messrs.
Corny' Bros'. rniture store, ben a club
was organized 'Ili the following officers
Walter Vanstot ,, president; Jos. Carruth,
vice-president ; Dinsley, captain ; T. E
Cornyn, R. S.; s, Chisholm; treas. ; W.
Plenty, financial- ecretary.
Do You Wear Pants?
If you do the proper place to get them is
at E. H. Dever's, made up in the latest
style, from $2.50 up.
—The illuminate copy of the address
presented to Mr.:. C. Strathdee, tate G.
T. R. agent hero, at Messrs, J. A. Cline
& Co's store, where those the subscribers to
the testimonial are expected to call
and sigh this copy. The work of getting
up this address wa entrusted to Mr, J. W.
Graham, of Bran ora, and ho has done it
in a most superior manner. It is a souve-
nir that any man should be proud of.
—On Friday 1st, a one-leggedtramp
struck the town. 1 e visited the Bank of
Hamilton and in isted on receiving fifty
cents at the hand of the Agent, Mr, B.
Willson, but was ejected without receiving
anything, as he .ppeared to require the
money to s apply his desire for firewater,
Shortly afterwa ds he was arrested by
Chief Bullard', a d on Saturday morning
appeared before the Mayor. He was sent
to Goderich for (teen days.
—We have ha' the pleasure of a look
over the plans o Dr. Macdonald's block of
stores which he ntends erecting this year
where his prey: it Office and residence is
situated. The i tock will bo three stories
High, the front t be of red pressed brink,
the windows an door sills to be of Credit
Valey stone. Th re will be four stores on
the ground fio..•—two double and two
single. The seco + d floor will be fitted up
for offices and the third for lodge rooms. It
will be the handso + est block in town, When
completed.
—The first regalr meeting of the Huron
Veterinary Medical Association was held
in; the town hall, CI ton, on the Stli lust.,
with the following - etnbera of the trofes•
sign present: D. M • i ntosh, Pres.; .. E.
Blaekall, 'Treas.; J. Walker, Secy.; W.
I•T.Clark;J. Chesney: Miller. Mr. Blaek.
all gave a very inter=: ting oomniutiiotttion
which excited cotisi..table discussion. The
meeting adjourned 1 + meet in the town hall,
Winghain, July 5th All members of the
profession are cordi+fly invited to the next
meeting at Wingha+i.
/at Drina and be Merry,
You. can do it if you buy your boots,ehoe's.
and clothing at E. IL DEven's,
—Mr. Jas. outfit has been confined to
his house for tl past week, with a severe
attack of rheun atisut.
---The revival services are still being con -
tinned. in the B tis' church, by Rev. Mr,
Moore and Mr, byte.
a --Chief Bull
town hall and
of the building
cleaned,
—Mr. Wm,
Wm. Possant, o
beautiful reside
sant.
rdis cleaning up around the
re pieces of sward in iron�j
lave been nicely raked end
31ack has disposed of his
the firm of Button & Fes -
co on Patrick stregt,to Mr.
—Garden Seeds by the o
at Hamilton's drug store,4
of the Post Office.
—Complaints a
the streets of th
wood piles, lumb
authorities shoul
plaints,
—Ms Toronto
have been appoint
Holmes estate, at
Holmes, the execs
Holmes.
e and pound,
o doors south
made that several of
town are occupied by
, logs, &c. The proper
attend to these cony.
eneral Trusts Company
d receiver of the Best &
he instance of Mr, Thos.
or of the late J. G.
^--Houseuz 's A. TA.:txrox,—If you want a
Neat, Showy Bill, well put together and
attractively displayed, on good paper or
card, send your order to the Treas. S
number of good cuts to choose from.
Prices reasonable. All orders by mail
promptly attended to.
—On Sunday ne t, Rev. G. F. Salton, of
Brussels, will pre, oh the Sunday School
anniversary ser ons in the Metho
church, 'Wingha • The morning sermon
will be to the : t bbath School children
who will occupy he centre pews of the
church. Celiac ' ons towards Sunday
Sohool funds, T, e Sabbath School Orches-
tra will assist in he morning services.
—Bobcaygeon i ndependent: Eggs being
down to 10 centa dozen, every ridiculous
old hen in the c,:'untry is wearing herself
out in efforts to .11 the elusive nest. The
same.old hens sic round Iike so many slum-
bering clams wh n eggs are 25 cents a doz-
en. Seems to b a big opening here for
proper education
ersonais.
Rev. G. F. Sa on, of Brussels, was a
visitor in to n or Monday last.
Mr. W. M.'Gra ; of Seaforth, paid Wing -
ham a business vi it on Monday last.
Mrs. Owen E. itobcox, the lecturer.
singer, was callin on friends in town on
Monday.
Mr..Gillies, of t
tin, Teeswater, wa
Miss Burgess,
days with friends
Mr. Wm. James
spent Saturday
friends in town.
Mrs. Robt. Mc
the guest of Mrs.
street, this week.
Mr. Wm. Button as at Brussels on Mon- -.
day, on business.
Miss Lizzie McD nogh, who has been
residing in Toronto or some tune, return-
ed home this week.
Mr. Wm. Mallagh of Lindsay, is visiting
Mende in town this • eek.
Mr. Rowland Gor. .n left on Monday for -
Caledonia, where he as accepted a situ -d
Mimi with Mr. Jas. a, eIndoo, brother of"
Messrs. Robt. and M 1.1. Melndoo, of thisa
town.
Messrs. Fred. Gue- t and Jas. Black, offs
this town, left on T 'sday for Port Huron,ts
where they will red •.
Mrs. C. Dallas h. keen visiting friendse-
in Blyth during the eek.
Mies Marie Corny returned to Hamiltont01
on Monday, where : ho is attending the
Collegiate Institute.
firm of Gillies & Mar-
in town on Monday.
Lucknow, spent a few
town this week.
of the Standard, Blyth,
td Sunday last with .
hereon, of Blnevale, is
s. MoLauchlin, Shutes
$1 A YEAR IN A»VAN
—Rey. John Ross, .f Brussels,, conducted
the services of the esbyteriau church, on
Sunday last.
—Regular meson g of Court Maitland,
No. 25, Canadian t rder of Foresters, to-
-Mr. A. H. Mus rove attendedthemeet-
uig of the Ontario n ducationai Association.
in Toronto, last we
—The Wingham ! ddfellows will celebrate
the anniversary of • ie Order, by attending
divine service on Su flay, 50th inst.
—Word was rooei
day morning that tit
desday night had tak
dam, and notifying A
to make preparations
ed in town on Thurs-
heavy rein on Wed -
n away the Gerrie
ssrs. Hutton & Carr
o save their Ilam,
—A total eclipse of lie sun can be seen on
April 10 in contparat ely cloudless regions
of both the African ncl Chili^.n deserts.
A paramount featu o in this eclipse is that
it will probably affo the best facilities for
solving the great pro•Iem of short period
changes in the solar orona. '
—:Any night aft
from seven 'to fourto
found upon our stree
if the boys fall into
habits? There is fo
Parents should see t
doors before night fal
into better and trusti
eats will have reason
in ears to come.
—On Saturday eve
of Roseanna MoK
13. McKenzie, of
arrived here for inter
Mr. McKenzie, The
Sunday afternoon, fr
Mr. George McKen
husband of the d
Kenzie was a former
and some members
buried in the cemete
r dark, boys ranging
n years of age can be
s. Who is to blame
ad company and bad
here for reflection.
at their boys are in.
the boys will grow
r men, and their par-
ts feel proud of them
ing hist, the remains
nzie, wife of Mr.
uskegon, Michigan,
ent, accompanied by
uneral took place on
m the residence of
e, a br ther of the
ceased. Mr. B. Mc -
•aside
r n
of Wingham
,
of the family were
y here.
JeaeI1 ne Street • - !gid?'la'harll, tint
J. A. IlAtsaeu, I W. SCOTT,
Kmsxt Forest. Listowel
Deposits Received and Interes
allowed.
Money Act -winced to Farmers an •
Brininess Men,
On long or abort time, on endorsed note
or collateral security. Salo notes bough
at a fair valuation. Money remitted to al
parts of Canada at reasonable charges.
Special Attention Given to Col
letting Accounts and N otes.
gents 111 Canada -7%e a t:1 atz. ie' dia:r;
of Canada''
Office hears -Fronts a. in, to 5 p. m.
A. E. SMITH,
Agent
FOR SALE,
Lot No. 3, and the E. 1.4 of Lot aro.
llth Con. 'Turnberry--150 tierce; 90 acs
cleared; well fenced; frame house au
other buildings; good orchard; cheap, o
time. Apply toM C. CAMERON,
Or (3oderir,
WM. MCPHERSON.
Glenl:arrow P.
COUNTY FUNDS TO LOAN.
On the security of Cultivated Farts, Interest
percent, payable uuuuulh. Any portion of t
principal nuts be repaid at d.,v time the borrow
wishes. All oxt.eouee ;recd by the Comdr.,
person except the Conntr +\n.btnrs nitatced to s
nmrtt;ages or to arrow to whom money is loan:
)
Bonnet Manufactories,
Mrs. Money was siting friends atPord. I The "freedom f the city" fu a gold box
wish, last week. is occasionally irosented to very distin•
Miss Theresa Gal raith spent the holt- guished men in le old country as a crown•
days with relatives + nd friends in Toronto. i ing mark of app •eoiation of the services
Me, Arthur Selly who has been residing they have rende ed to the publie. But this
in town for some ti• e, has gone to Clinton mark of honor, vhatever it may have been
to work at his trad.. in times past, i now oltieily ornamental.
Miss Jessie Mc' 1pine, of Brussels, is it carries with i no immunity from tax-
visiting friends in t +wn, ation, and the lder of it has scarcely any
Mr. Geo, McKay rrived here trete Win. real advantages which the ordinary cal=
nipeg, on 'Tuesday fight, does not posse- It seems, however, 16 be
Mies O'Neil, of ''iderich, Wes visiting becoming the f shion for commercial cors
friends in town aur ng the week, pprations, wh her in embryo or in full
bloom, to ask f a "freedom of the city"
Get •• a Bests of a much mor real and tangible kind.
The public are too intelligent to par. There have be n reeent indenter; of this.
cheat a worthless 'article a second time, on Pree land, bot uses and exemption from
the contrary they want the best 1 Physa. taxation for ov ; ata spoken of as possibil.
clans tare virtually ti'iianittions in saying fhies. Window r may bo the desirability of
Scott's Emulsion is the best toren Of Cod giving away la d Whieh is at present doing
;Giver Oil. ' nothing and ea :zing nothing for the city,
,,>n.
it should be bo ' e in mind that this eta
done only by< ole of the duly qtarkA
citizens. Wit regard to bonuses, it stvo
be remembere that bonuses cannsiin
given, There ormerly existed a slams
the Mttnicipal Ant empowering Inns•
itis
t s to give b noses. Sub-wet/on .7:0;
tan 470 of tit: Municipal Act, 1l. 'S..'
1887, gave th s power. But, as wiflt
found by a re prerace to the statutes for
section 28 of the Municipal
Act says th the provision I 5,a
There cant erefore be no bonuses.
exemption rem taxation forever]
thirds vet of the council can . *'
years' exe ption, and after this the slj
can be renwed for ten years, but when
twenty ye, -s have expired there is the
of it. A l' tle attention shculd be paid
these prey cions of the law-arTorontp
—The s: cord number of "The Cantle
Magazine' justifies the high oxpectatt
held out b the initial number: The as
cles and Dries aro excellent and the
creditable In polities, are serseralthoug,
fol and ntertaining papers: • :tttornr
General ongley's Ova Septic q
Mines"—. defeisoe'" a recent coal n%
legislatio of hie go' €+cut; Alex
Neill's ( - P) "Bri ne t de and Inipei
Reoiprooi y" -a care ` ,•paper, , oontam
very Bug: :dive facts chid arguments; n
Charles _ . Stuart's "The National Stagy,
-a schol, sly and philosophicdiscussion
the proba le future of Canada endof otl
nations. "Ontario's New Parham]
Buildings" by Frank Yeigh, is beatitif;'
illustrate : and a second illustrated :r
that by J. J. Boll on "A Famous Caned
Shrine" . ate. Anne de Beaupre. "Bier':
jerne Bjoson," by Stuart Livingston,
"Balfour, '' by J. Castell Hopkins, are w
writtbn at d very interesting sketches'
life and p rsonal ideals. Henry'Lye's c
tribution to "Tales of Wayside Inns
very ente taining. Two thrilling storm
"The Th ee Fives," by Cecil Logsdail;.
"From E st to West," by • Gertrude,
lett, core rise tlte. fiction,. Amon.13g •
poems, Pr f. Chapxnan'p lgngpoem,'
and West,' deserves mention as ..perh
one of the . est narrative poems publis
anywhere f recent years. "The Cama
Magazine .overs a wide field, and its o
atter is sue that no Canadian desirin
follow the aft of thought in his own; c
try should without it. Published by:
Ontario Pu ishing Co., Manning . Are
Toronto. 6 50 per annum; single co
23 cents.
School Board.
The regale meeting of the Public Sc1
Board was h, d in the Council chantbe
Tuesday ev ring lest. Present—Ates
Ball, Abrah m, Gordon, Moore and
braith. In the absence of the secret
Mr. Musgro a ectad in that capacity,,
Principal's •eport showed the fo116
attendance f• r the month of March
DEPT. SEdIaTEnEn. AVERAG1t..a
1 33 80
2 56
3 64
4 64
66
52 •
67
8 70
T
T
al
40
54
5$
55
45-
52..
54
472 383`
report of Inspector Robb Wag >r
Ho r ported everything in goad . penclf
ie teachers as doing good work, .
ed by Mr, Abrabarn, secondedby
Galb with, that the report of the Inde
be re ived, and' that the Board expre
satisfy ion with said report—Carried.
The .!lowing= accounts were the
dered to as paid —Dr. Towler, ,sups'
82.15; N. l cGregor, work, t8; tW. st.0
man, shoe skins, $1.44; Geo. Mason,'.
plies, $16.: ; Alex. Ross, supplies, $i1
McLean r Son, lumber, i$4.61i; SM.
Pethick; $r 14; Coal for school, $391.
Stewart, $21
Moved by+'llr. Gordon, seconded by
Moore, that the eltairmaa and seer
issue orders .r the payment of toac
and other off . ials' salaries for the neon
March•• --Carr d. • • A. largely si rued petition from the
payers was pr seated, asking that s,
be employed t teach music in the,
After some d ;cession, it was des
leave the matt, over until a greater
ber of the neem • as of the Board be
eat. The Boar.then adjourned.
and
M
tOboiou NqW 'rose. ,
Wholesaio--Gordon d McIntyre
condition to supply . families or
With Ytew teas, lit jobbers prices,
the tithe to aeisare'font teas. ' '