The Clinton New Era, 1888-07-27, Page 61
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CAPITAL PUNISHMENT.
VARIOUS METHODS OF EXECUTION
PRACTICED IN THE WORLD.
A Serious Matter of Consideration for
L.twgirers—The Guillotine, the Garrote,
tate Gallons told t he Gun—Silent Death
Ry Electricity.
The execution i f uudefactols has been a
serious !natter of consideration for lawgivers
in all nation, and in all times. Tho more
barbarous tine people the more barbarous the
method. Torture was considered a wise ad-
junt;t to capital punishment for centuries. ,
Tho rack, the cauldron, the gridiron, the
eeavenger's daughter, the pine l's, iron mask
and mmHg- were employed. Breaking one
0o the wheel was. popular for along
the felon being fastened-, with his arms and
legs' • apart, tri a huge wheel, his. bones were
broken by blows from an iron bar. Male-
f'aetors.were torn asunder byteams of horses;
they were burned et the stake, hanged, drawn
and quartered, flayed alive, boiled, broiled
and roasted, served up to death in a thousand
ways, each as revolting and terrible as
skilled ingenuity could. devise.
Torture is no longer employed, but a 'leans
which shall he swift, and as nearly as possible
painless, is employed. In France the guillo-
tine, in Spain the gal;rote, in Eugland and
the United States the gallows—threeallitera-
tions—menace the malefactor, A fourth,
theun is used iu nnilitar • executions
g y
The guillutino w'qs, designed as a labor
saving mudiine during the Reign of Terror
byGuillotine Milne was member ,er o
Dr. 't a r Il f the
Constituent assembly inThere were
te
too Many heads to be remove(] by the over-
worked public cxocutienee, and this device
resulted.
The apparatus is very simple. Petween
two uprights Slides a triangular knife,
weighted at the upper edge. It is held in
position by a catch. The victim is 101(1 upon
a sliding or tilting board, securely strapped
and placed face downward, with his neck in
line with the groove, A narrow board, with
a semi -circular notch, slidesdoi•n and secures
him, then the trigger is sprung and the
descending knife does the work. Death is
necessarily instantaneous.
I saw. an execution by the guillotine in
Marseilles some years ago. The victim wnsa
young Italian, a wife murderer. I was sum-
moned to be at the jail at daybreak. In
Franco the condemned felon does not know
the day nor the hour appointed. This man
seas aroused from sleep, pinioned, half
dragged, half pushed, shrieking and moan-
ing, into the yard, Lound to the tilting plank
thrust forward and killed—all in four min-
utes. There was a great deal of blood, a
little tremor of the limbs, one convulsive
.movement of the eyelids. Ia,ten minutes
from the time the t, man had been aroused
from itis sleep the executioner was taking
tho apparatus of death apart.
Beheading, thesword 1 s
y ti or I hu. been 0 fnvOrite
method in almost all countries. I saw a
bead struck oft los- the i w•u handed sword in a
Tillage near Nagasaki. Japan. Bath the exe-
cutioner and his victim were deliberate and
cool. The latter knelt and bowed his head.
The former drew Lis long and glittering
weapon; keen as a razor, wiped it with a bit
of gaudy silk, took his stand, raised the
sword, and with a quick drawing stroke
severed the head, giving 1 g v ant t a loud,
hissing aspirate as he did so. The point of
the weapon (lid -not reach the ground. The
executioner then removed the stains with
seine pieces of tissue paper, wiped the blade
again tyith the silk, sheathed it and strode
proudly away, followed by envious eyes. The
offeuder had, I ipelieve, testified falsely in all
examination L • the tax •n
c collector.
1
The garrote is worse to my notion than.
the guillotine, though but little blood is shed,
sits felon ..sts in n chair. 1'u 'stout post be-
hind hint are affixed two clasps of iron,
which when joined encircle his neck.
Through the post and the back of the collar
passes a screw. \Vhen this is turned by the
executioner the collar is tightened, and an
iron wedge enters the neck at the base ot the
brain, dislocating the axis, piercing the spi-
nal cord and producing instant death. I saw
a brigand thus killed at Valcenia. There was
no cap over the face. When the fatal mo- -
ment came I heard, oi• fancied' 1 beard, the
snap of the bone, and the contortion of the
face was ghastly. The head fell forward and
the criminal was dead, but the grisly horror
of the manner of his taking off haunted me
for years.
Electricity is the swiftestand most certain
of all possible means•by which death may be
inflicted. Ninety-five feet a second is the es-
timated speed of nerve sensibility. Electric-
ity travels 'I80,000 'riles in a like space of
time. 'rhe brain is paralyzed before it can
feel the shock. the victim of the c•Urreht
passes from lite to death without knowing
the blow, (lhvionsly, there is a twofold gain
in this method. 1, First; it entirely prevents a
mishap. The current passes when the fatal
joining of the wires oecurrs, and death is
given. The distant dynamo, gives no sound
the condemned man may hear. He is led to
o chair and seated
One metallic•n
c nductor
is placed against the nape of the neck,'salt
water being applied to the hair to enable it
to transmit the current. The other conduc-
tor is placed on top of the head. the hair
toeing wet, or on either temple or both. The
connection is then made, and the man is dead
en the instant.
To send the current from head to foot, as
proposed, is obviously a bad method. A pow-
erful convulsion would inevitably result; the
muscles would still be in actign after death.
Passed through tho brain,' the full effect on
the life centers would he feltd a' no cont
ul-
cion would follow. To have this occur at tho
state prison 15 an eminently good feature.
There it fitly belongs, and the rigid discipline
of such institutions would prevent the influx
of visitors common to city prisons. Besides,
the moral effectt o the
be good.
To have the day and the hour concealed
from the dead man would rob his last days
of the melodramatic interest they possess for
his fellows in crime and make the fate more
terrible. There would bo no halo about the
bead of a felon who journeys to state prison
merely to be hurled on some unspecified day
and unknown flour by a swift and silent agent
out from the world he has offended, No
boasts of "dying game," no incidents of hie
last day and last hours—nothing but his
being swallowed up living by the grim walls
of the penitentiary and cast forth ngnin,
some dny dead.—New York World,
Gotham's Hebrew Clubmen.
The Ilebrety clubmen of New York city
fir•earedist+net- in their elute life from Amari
can or English clubmen as New England
Yankees from rambling Sioux. Tho Mem
hers of 111e Ilarmonie, the Progress and tin
JI'tropolitan, the three great Hebrew clubs,
i-eld(11, dine at the club house, never sleep
1'it oes and do not have their mall addressed
to the (1011 They are home bodies until it
o1•loelt, wham they stroll 0.0('0(1 to the club,
t ,l;., n lend nt'looker.lyin''iile or tuehre,and
r, •r l ii -1 !loom ngnin '''+e1.0 none mid.
Iry l . I r ':ne of the i.thor)(ig 1 ; nl • nt t het
Lo 1, 1 e •t (I • nlr',herb ate 10i01111(.;4 1.-,w
t • 1,, , . ,. \'‘.I.1; 6- e
BERLIN'S BROKERS. JACQUEMINOT T GARIBALDI AND ANITA. LETTERS OPENED BY MISTAKE.
• I.
The Great Dough Soldier's Tribute to I(is
Brazilian 'rife.
I had need of some human being who would
love me. Without such a one near me ex-
istence was becoming insupportable. Al-
though not odd, I knew men well enough to
know how difficult it is to find a real friend.
But a woman. Yes, a woman; for I had
always considered them the most perfect of
beings, and, whatever Men may say, it is
infinitely easier to find a really loving heart
among them. I was walking on the quarter
deck of the Itaparica, wrapped in my sad
thoughts, and, having reasoned the 'tatter
in all ways, finally concluded to seek a wife
for myself who would draw me out of this
depressing and insupportable state of things.
My glance fell by chane upon the houses
of the Barra, a little hill thus called at the
entrance of the Lagufta (of St. Catherine, in
Brazil), on which am somesimple but pictur-
esque dwellings. With the aid of my glass,
which I habitually held int myliand-when on -
the quarter deck, I saw a yot}ng girl. I or-,
dared the men to row me ashore in that direc-
tion, and disembarked and made for, the
house which contained the object o1( my voy-
age; but could not find it, when I .encoun-
tered a person of the place whom I had
known on mysfirst arrival. He invited me
to take coffee at his hoose. We entered, and
the first person on wleJi my gaze fell was
the one who had caused my coming on shore.
It was Anita: The mother of my children.
The companion of my life and good and evil
fortune. The woman whose courage I have
so often desired. We both remained in an
ecstatic silence, gazing at each other, like
two persons w•ho,io not meet for the first
time, and who seek in each other's linea-
ments something which shall revive remem-
r n •last I saluted her, and I said,
ce. At a
"You must be mine." I spoke but little Portu-
guese, and I spoke these audacious words in
Italian. However, I 'seemed to have some
magnetic power in my iusolence. 1 had tied
a Isnot which death alone could Oreak.—
Antob;ogrnpby of Garibaldi.
TEMPLE OF THE GODDESS FORTUNE
IN GERMANY'S CAPITAL.
Money kings In the Stock Exchange of
Berlin. -Entrance Practically Free to
Strangers— Different Classes of Stock
Jobbers—The Reporters.
The temple of the Goddess Fortuue, the
Stock Exchange, is erected on the banks of
the Spree. It is a magnificent building, with
Corinthian columns, arches and statues re-
flecting their pure outlines in the shallow
waters of the river. Thirteen doors give
access to the vestibule, whence the enormous
hall is r=eached, supported by eighty pillars of
granite, and decorated with fine frescoes.
Statues of Mercury and Vulcan appear beside
afiery horse a mbolical of Steam, and a
group representing the adoption of paper -
currency. On the numerous benches brass
plates record thenames of the 'different
'bankers. There does not exist any privileged
corporation answering to that of the "Agents
de change" in the Pax is bourse, who occupy
a special place called la Corbeille. The
entrance to the Berlin Stock Exchange is
practically frc-e, if not gratuitous, and
strangers aro admitted on the presentation
of a member of the craft. Business houses,
however, are obliged to pay a supplementary
tax for the admission of each of their clerks.
The state exercises no supervision over the
operations on 'change, especially since trans-
actions on account have been recognized by
the legal tribunals. The hierarchy among
the frequenters of the excbango is fixed by
the importance of the business the carryou.
1 Y
'v
It Cellists c f seven ou classes the firsta •in
P y g
an annual tax of $SOO, the last of $10 only,
This tariff varies according to the expendi-
tures and receipts of the firms; but virtually
-.very stock jobber is at liberty to buy or sell
for his clients without further fornlal'ities, l
whether he is licensed or not.
The unlicensed stock jobbers exist under
the name of Makler Banken, whose directors,
representatives or agents are only responsi-
ble for their acts to their own particular
house. The vcreideto Makler, or sworn is'
stock brokers, combine with the first men-
tioned to fix the cease pours, or average price
of stocks. It in, moreover, permissible to buy
and sell at the Berlin bourse without employ-
ing either licensed or unlicensed brokers.
Contrary to the Paris bourse, that of Berlin
has a -predilection for speculating on the
tall, and in its dispatches the word
a'hicli in its jargon means weakness, con
straitly Occurs.
. RAVING Lt NATICS.
At noon punctually the hall is filled by
about 4,000 }nen, who carry on their business
in stentorian tones, with a curious expendi-
ture of violent gestures and facial contor-
tions. Bankers, brokers, jobbers appear for
c to be raving1 atics
a whileescaped from
u7r
1
the
wholesome restraints of the straight
waistcoats and the surveillance of their
keepers.
Arn excellent buffet, served by woolen and
nS to be found in the building itself, but
girls, „
even there affairs are discussed with una-
unabated energy and animation. Not' far
froln the restaurant is the telegraph'ofce,
where a fabulous number of dispatches•+are
flashed all over the world. The whole service
of the Berlin Stock Exchangecannot be.suffi-
ciently commended. It is well nigh perfec-
tion in all its ramifications, and should serve
as a pattern to similar institutions in either
cquntries. The magnates of finance, the great
plutocrats, are frequently seen on 'change.
They constitute a species of senate, of which
the most powerful and influential are M. De
Bleichroder, the confidential and passionate
admirer of .Prince Bismarck; Von Hausa -
mann, 1 arschauer e
Mend lss
oho and others,
all or nearly all Israel'ites. Around them
gravitate a legion of partners, clerks and em -
loves. Theyare the head and apex of the
P P
whole society of German bankers, and in the
midst of the tempests• let loose around them
maintain their grave and impassible serenity.
olt .
One of them having made a slight error in
dictating a message, the result was a loss to
him of 300,000 marks the discovery did not
even ruffle his unconcern; -
A certain number of small speculative ins
dustries live on the Stock Exchange and
lighten the tedium of the rare inactive mo-
ments. Some Maklers offer to the lucky
gambler theatre tickets• for a special star
performance of Nilsson or Lucca, and make
a considerable percentage on them. Others
carry on the original business of selling jew-
elry for premiums, so that it is often said of
such or such an actress or dancer in Berlin
that her jewels --"are at premium." The
-most characteristic type, however, of the
Berlin bourse is the old fellow who bas be
come rich in selling chocolate tablets to the
habitues, which he keeps hidden in the pock-
ets of his long overcoat. He goes by the
name of "Chokoladen Fritz."
' o THE REPORTERS,
The press, to whom a special pflice is de'
voted, is represented by about thirty report-
ers. Their dealt is Herr Julies Schweitzer.
Ladies are admitted to the gallery, but their
appearance is always hailed by shouts of
merriment and laughter. At 2:45 the tolling
of a big bell announces the official closing of
the Exchange. Two officials, shaking small
:land bells, pursue the laggards till they have
left the building, A few moments later the
newspapers give the quotations of 645 differ-
ent securities, 233 of which are foreign.
Formerly, a supplementary little borse was
held, but it no longer exists, although a
great many speculators congregate at a
large cafe in the city to discuss important
coups.
Itis since the battle of Sadowa, sinee Franco
lost her European e
nn restigCr that the prepon-
derance
on-
derance
of the Berlin market has asserted
itself and steadily increased. The solidarity
oEfinanciers is great and remarkable.
s
Bankruptcies
nkruptcies
and even suspension of pay-
ment are very rare occurrences, owing to the
nC n esprit de corps as strong existence of # p p g as in
the army. Berlin has weathered dangerous
commercial moments and perilous settlements
with wonderful composure; and yet it must
not be supposed that the all powerful men of
money who control the market, have no
other occupation than the acquisition of
wealth, Art and science are no strangers to
them, Felix Mendelssohn and Meyerbeer,
the composers; Magnus and Bandeman; the
painters, with some distinguished writers, be-
longed to the families of Berlin bankers. It
is to some of the most audacious speculators
that the city owes its broadest avenues, its
most handsome palaces, its imperial arcade.
It has been proposed to write on the facade
of the Stock Exchange, in goldenletters, the
following inscription: "I nm better than my
reputation;" and the -assumption. would, per-
bnps, not be toe'areegant.—M. de f3'. Berlin
'Leiter in N0W Y oikk 100.
° Education of Children.
The theory of the education of In: :•ns of
children all alike is a wrong theory. ' tin two
individual things in the inorganic 00 organic
world were ever created alike in all partici'.
jars. The law of differences is the law of
nature, rind 1 he following of the law of natnre
i, the road toward success. As this principle
in educnt inn becomes more and 01000 np'lrc-
liended, the more will pro(•esses in education
sense to be nmpirienl. and 1,econln more prne01 Jeurtial.
-
Who Is there now knows aught of his story? •
What is left of hila but a name?— I i
Of dllnl who shared in Napoleon's glory,
And dreamed that -his sword hail won him his
fame!
Ah t the fate of a mau is past discerning!
Little did Jacqueminot suppose,
At Austerlitz or at Moscow's burning.
That his fame would rest In the heart of a rose:
—Bessie Chandler in American Magazine. ,
The Mosquito of Trinidad.
The particular room assigned to myself
would have been equally delightful, but that
my possession of it was disputed even in day-
light by Ihtusquitoes, who, for bloodthirsty
ferocity bad a bad pre-eminence over the
worst that I had ever met with elsewhere. I
killed one who was at work upon me, and ex-
amined him through a glass. Bewick, with
the inspiration oP, genius, had drawn, his ex-
act likeness as the devil—a long black stroke
for the body, a nick for a neck, horns on the
head and a beak for a mouth, spindle arms,
and longer spindle legs, two pointed wings
and a tail. Line for line there the figure
was before me which, in the unfo•getable
tailpiece, is driving the thief under the gal-
lows, and I had a melancholy satisfaction in
identifying him. I had been warned to bo
on the lookout for scorpions, centipedes, jig-
gers and land crabs, who would bite Inc if I
walked slipperless over the floor in the dark.
Of these I met with none, either there or
anywhere; but the inusquito of Trinidad is
enough by himself. For malice, mockery
and venom of tooth and trumpet he is with-
out a match in the world.—J. A, Proude.
A memorable Incident.
the English novelist, Meade, g once
to theopera
�• 1 nicer a partyof friends A
acro
accompanied 1
in Dresden. Wagner's "Lohengriu" was on
that evening, and here is Reade's account of
one memorable incident related is that per-
formance:
."'"We had taken front seats in a proscenium
box. Suddenly a stranger tooka seat behind
us and expressed himself in such sentences as
'Ach Kimmel! Behr gut! Ach schlec•t! Selir
schlect!' and many other .gutterals of the
same sort, clapping his hands meanwhile and
stamping like a demented creature until he
became absolutely intolerable. As soon as
the first act was over I sought the usher and
requested Kim to have the lunatic removed.
But I can never hope to give you the gestures
or the expression with which the fear stricken
usher replied: 'Ach I dos ist Herr Wagner!"
—Detroit Free Press.
'The History of (tight.
Thio. low largerSe a part of human telivit
Y
is consumed in the endeavor. mostly fruitless,
to settle questions of right. The lwhulo ma-
chinery of justice, with its legishtluree. its
courts of various instance, its helve, advo-
cates andliattorneys attends continually upon.
this very thing. And yet the glorious uuce'-
t u L •w•nr
Minty of the law hnsbu nice 1 d. Meets
and armies ares still tholast resoulce of civili-
zation
ivi i•zation
for determining the rights of nations.
!cow, as in the time of llreuuus, the sword is
the ultimate makeweight in the seal, of
justice. It may be said that. the history of
right throughout the ages is one long mar-
tyrdom. It is ever being crucified afresh
and put to an open shame. But, speaking
generally, we may assert that the idea of
right has hitherto been venerated by man-
kind at large as absolute, snpet:setsuuus, di-
vine.—W. S. Lilly in Fortnightly Review. •
California's Towns and Villages.
The small towns and villages of Califor-
nia will, in a few years, be beautiful and at-
tractive, owing to the improvements now
going on. In nearly all of them improve-
ment societies aro organized. These socie-
ties aro continually opening up broad ave -
c building fin roads out into the county,
ave-
nues, 1 e
, g Y,
introducing the best water and lighting sys-
tems available, and doing all that can be
done to popularize o u arize the ideas of esthetic• art
t1
and beauty. This is a step. in the right
direction, aIid will do much to attract the
best class of people into the state.—t1an
Francisco Bulletin.
Concerning Corns.
Are corns a disease? The question was
argued at court in Berlin, Germany. A news-
paper was prosecuted because it had adver-
tised "Huehneraugentod"—that is, "death to
corns"—advertising of remedies being pro-
hibited by law. Counsel for defense main-
tained corns Were not a disease, and, conse-
quently, a meaus against corns could not be
called a remedy. The chemical expert de-
clined giving an opinion on the point, and as
the lawyers disagreed about it the case had
to be remanded to gain time for obtaining
the opinion°of a medical man.—Chicago News.
Reversed the Needle.
' A surveyor who was caught in a thunder
storm while engaged in the woods at Orlando,
Fla., left his eompass on the jackstaff while
he took shelter under a tree. During the •
storm a tree very near the compass was
struck by lightning, and the effect upon the/
instrument was to reverse it so as to make.
the north point of the needle change position
and point south. The surveyor, unaware of
for home with his
thechange, on starting
g,
compass for a guide, wandered eight or ten
miles in the wrong direction before he die
cot•ere,l the fact.—Chicago Times,
A Country Editor In Chic
The editor of The Superior
Ocean has been taking a trip 0
satisfactory. "Chicago is dirty
and hungry and happy and wild
ons and keen and savage and g
man killing and pious and wicke
nacious and braveot
P and vola tu
and rich a poverty ' 1 nd stricken,
t
once the cesspool and palave of tl
the best elements in the -row
Chicago Inter Ocean.
\'(r n 1 Ills Ism do '
\ r tl and I s
1 �
Worth, the French milliner, li
suburbs of Paris in a palace that covers sev-
eral ncres.nu is gorgeously fu°t'slli
Once
a year it is thrown open to his employes, and
the fete lasts a day and a night. On this day
each of the women employed by Worth is
permitted to select a dress from his stock, and
it is made up according to her Aireet
New York York Evening World,
How They "Move" in Russia.
Th •y have a funny way of moving geode
in Russia. 1 remember one day seeing a
procession of when going through the streets
with the household effects of a well known
family. Four of them had the piano resting
on their shoulders, while a range was carried
by two others. Then fol=owed men in single
file with tables, mirrors, trunks, wash boilers,
tubs, becl clothing and other goods on their
heads. Wagons are seldom employed in
hauling articles frohlr one part of the city to
another. A Russian transfer or freight
man carries around under his arm a head
pad about the size of the crown of a largo
cup. It is usually made of leather and stuffed
with Lair or hay. It is soft and generally
four inches thick, On a plate attached to
his coat lapel is a word of Russian ennouuc-
t 's rexpressman.1 n
in ,hat hu r a h 1 has no
g
cart, horse ur help.
This man, single banded and alone, con-
tracts to remove every character of goods
as. rapidly and safely as if they were in
charge of the great express companies of the
lairgo American cities. He. associates with
hifh, if there is heavy furniture or haste in
the work, a number of his confreres; and
the 'len, sometimes to the aggregate of u
score, simply walk into the house, pick up
the goods and carry them. out and to their
destination in a twinkle. There is uo groan-
ing, packing, raising and adjusting about
drays or wagons. ''then the men get their
loads on their heads they start out in Indian
file and make a little procession through the
city. They never go dawn an unfrequented
street, as they would lose an opportunity of
advertising their trade. A Russian thinks
no more 01 picking up a warns cooking stove,
placing it on his tiead, and walking a couple
w ( l
of riles with it ith>ut rest than an A'1er-
n)
can'wouldOf carrying an overcoat.-• Phila-
delphia'l'inies, -
An old 'rime Prophet's Warning.
April ::1, Good Friday and St. Georges
day,
April i't), Easter day and St. Marks day.
Juno 13.1, Corpus Christi and St. John's day,
In the year 1888 occurred for the first time
in centuries that combination of holy days
and saints' days which Nostradamus predicted
would be the sign • of the "End of the
World." His prediction, made in Latin over
300yearsago,was that the end of the world
o d
would come in the year in which Good Fri-
day came on St. George's day, and Easter
occurred on St. Mark's day, Corpus Christi
came on St. John's day. .
was a celebrated vi
Nostradamus a ebt at d ph- shclan
and astrologer in France, who died in 1500,
aged 60 years.' "His predietions have been
for centuries the subject .of an immense
amount of illustrative and controversial
literature." In regard to the time for the
fulfillment of these great prophecies, no
thoughtful observer will say that the astrolo-
ger was very far wrong, for the signs clearly
indicate the beginning of the end. Within
the next century we may see the downfall of
the old despotisms in Europe; the desolating
Wars; the great tribulation; 'the rule of com-
munism, nihilism and anarchy; the dissolv-
ing of the British empire, the division of
the
bet- landed estates followingconfiscation
of her church property; the fall of the Turk-
i4h power and the restoration of the Jews
to Palestine.—Courier-Journal.
nes.
They Naturally Objected.
11 is nlle:ed that in a fashionable seminary
near Now York an olcl tombstone was used
for a kneading board in the kitchen, until the
girl students ol,jected to having fragments of
nn inscription to the nhemory 0f some woman
impressed into the bottoms of their I. tires
bread,=Clend Hottsekecpfng.
The Logic of Poor afereliants.
The 'tan wino fails to advertise in dull
times is on n par with the fellow who refugee
to ant because his stomach 15 0111p1 v,—Annis-
ton (API) Hot Bleat,
•
Pasteur's plan of exterminating rabbits b
inoculating them with chicken cholera 1})
)(ecu t riot at Rheims with success.
I'opc Leo is very fond of the elnssjs'nl intr-
gnages, of which he hes nen wide and critical
knowledge. Y .
th in-
00to
arried
led bo -
e at a
ne•ally
spent.
bing,
state
them
r trite
e grip
by the
court has
been bur y contested wills. Wills
'bade by venerable men of fortune, who suc-
cumbed to the fascinations of women in the
late hours of their lives and disregarded the
claims of children, the ties of affection, left
the bulk of their fortune to women who all
too often have been deemed simple fortune
hunters.
The records ore Muni liating,—\cw York
Cor, (:lobe-Deuocrnt.
of the huie
A Pretty "Business" Story.
.A rather pretty little story, which has the
merit of befog true, is interwoven with the
of one of the largest grocery houses
the city. Its founder, one of Pittsburg'spioneers, before ho went the way of all flesh,
'tat' forth in itis whir that: -at, b#. dohtlithe
firm
should bo stocked with a complete as-
sortment of the gopds carried by the •m and
that the stern and contents should the! be
turned neer to the chief clerk, This wasdone, The clerk whose merits won for hint
this snhstnntinl recognition continued the
I n13111eKW with unvarying success until a few
yours ago, when he retired. Not, however,
before follow Ing tho example set by his
pre-
decessor and employer. The freshly sineked
store urns turned over 10 his chief right-handmon, and if the hotter is iron to the custom
ho. will do the same for his su eees-
su\•.-111-1eorg flulletiu.
The Tricky Ways of Business Mea Wito
Pry Into Each Other's mail.
The law i:tflicts a severe penalty upon a
citizen who has been proveu guilty of will-
fully
illfully opening the mail of another. After a
letter has been stamped and placed in a,gov-
ernment postomce, or other receptacle ',pro-
vided for it, it is supposed to be under the
protection of theUnited States, with an army
of officers of justice to enforce its inviolabil-
ity and punish the citizen tvho desecrates it.
But on the same principle that oue•llishon-
est citizen steals a coat by buying it and
never paying the tailor, the reader of oche;
people's letters can get around the law in a
way equally tricky, but equally ,safe. If he
wants to peer into confidential correspond-
ence he boldly opens the letter, reads and
masters its contents, puts the letter back,
and then calmlywrites on the envelope,
"opened by mistake," and perhaps adds, "not
read.".
Tine 1s`5.-habit"placticed, in many- New
York business houses. If au employe-fs'_-sus-
peoted of relations' with other firms, or'any
offense that a human being can commit
against the -person who hires him, his mail
matter is quite likely to be "opened by mis-
take." This is said to bo especially true in
cases where salesmen with a valuable clientele
have left an establishment and taken their
trade with them to some competing house.
By opening mail, wrongly addressed to the
care of their old employer, a good order can
be sometinies filched. The well dressed and
self respecting culprit, who thinks that he is
not really doing anything disbonorablefap•
propriates and fltls the order, and if any con-
fusion subsequently arises from the exposure
explainsawayi1
i.• method, he it loftily
of his
Y
au(1 haughtily with the familir, "opened by
mistake; thought it was addressed to the
firm."
The law i1, tt case. like this does not punish
a man for his mistake, although the man who
by blunder alone ditches an express train and
kills some of its passengers is quite likely to
be sent to jail. The excuse "+:itched by mis
take" would be met with the rebuke -but you
had no right to ditch the train by mistake,"
Of course the opening of a letter is not':so
serious as wrecking 1 train, but a parallel
can be drawn between the two front n legal
stluulpOint.
Except in the cases of a fatal accident due
to carelessness, the law always considers the
intent 00 malice of the accused. ']'herefore,
if a prosecutor can prove that his mail was
being continually opened and so often and
under such (•ircutnstances as to show a very
strong probability,of the "open by mistake"
inscription being a• lie, and couple with this
a gond reason why the defendant should de-
sire to read his mail, a conviction can be
secure(:. As the offenders often hold a good
position 111 the world and only break the law
in the particular line of pilfering front the
mail, it is somewhat difficult to get e jury to
convict.
'fire trouble and misery that can arise bo.
tween husbands and wives, we're' and their
best friends and .partners in a firm , through
the habit uf willfully opening
letters by mis-
take is very great. It is hard to tell a plan
that vc•t think him mean enough to want to
pry into your private correspondence, mid
tl� roan who does it can usuallyget off scot
free, because of t.bo unwillingness of the vie-
tiul to hurt his feelings.—New York Press.
t1'ashington's Love for Itis mother.
Washington's love for his mother was
one of,. his most noticeable characteristics.
Fur her plgqa sure he hastened to hear the
first tidings of every important event in his
life himself, and his letters to her were
models for all sons. His thougltts, actions
and motives were all laid bare before her,
and ou her judgment lie, relied at all times.
Th letters, i1 spite of trio forma w
The 1 wording
l 1
g
in vogue at the time, breathed of his in-
tense love 1, for her. They were full
of detail Su11as mother love craves about
every notion and thought, and every event
that concernk her child, for though, as time
Washington on and George \1 ashingten camp to be
known as first in peace, fh•st in war and fust
in the Hearts of his countrymen, he was a1.
ways her sop and she his mother, Their
position never changed, as it so often does.
She was always first and ho was second in
their relations. Mary Washington had been
mother and father both to her son, and even
if no other evidence of her superiority to the
most of women was at hand, the respectful
devotion of this great man would have
proved it.
From what is known, through history and
hearsay, of Washington's unusual devotion
to his mother and his continual and open cor-
respondence with her, which letters have,
fortunately, for the most part been preserved,
one is led to think that there was a closer
un(
con nano )f soul between rum and his
mother than him and his.wife, Martha, though'
there isno reason to suppose that he did not
love bis beautiful wife very tenderly. But.
reason shows that there was a greater sin
ilarity bf cliaracter and disposition between
mother and Son than' there could have been
between Martha Custis and her husband.
Just how close and intimate was the con
rmuni0n between Washington and his wife
we can never know, for just before his death
he caused -her to destroy all the letters he had
written her, but they doubtless contained al-
lusions to shatters of only mutual concern;
and perhaps, too, they contained the out-
poul-ings of a heart that was passionate and
loving which be felt were too sacred for eyes
other than her own to look upon. This would
very likely be the case with a man who made
stern repression of emotion a duty alt his lif e.
Be that as it may, and however much of
tender love the husband bestowed upon his
wife, his noblest but best affection was
give!' to his adored mother, and his char ac-
g
ter takes on an added luster in the light of
that pure and holy love,
Coal to Succeed Cattle In Wyoming.
"The world at large doesn't know it," said
Capt. Mullin, "but Wyoming has the biggest
coal fields in the United States, more iron oro
than can be found anywhere else on earth,
big lakes of soda, more oil than we could
possibly use, veins of copper ore, and stone
and marble quarries. The territory has
wonderful natural resources, and these will
be developed before long, The cattle days
are gone, the hundreds and hundreds of
miles of wire fences on government land
will be torn down, and the territory will
drop far down on the list of cattle producers.
Tho business has really retarded the devel-
opment and growth of the territory, and it
may be for the last after all.—Kansas City
Times.
Shivering In the Street.
In many cities on the continent In these
days of extreme cold,- the municipal govern-
ments, from p fund previously set apart for
the purpose, place at intervals among the
crowded neighborhoods of the poor large
iron braziers, which are kept filled day and
night with hot reals. They are c'irc'ular np-
right recepteelee, nbout the size of a barrel,
tt ith (111 01101 top and with ho'eq pierced In
the -ides for the purpose of a drought, They
nye Minced et son the pavement near the side -
we 11( n I lie corners of streets, where crowds
nu(t r'' ilo o 1 nbsmt them with the least ob-
st o ('e11. 11 to t r10!c• :luring the bitter cold
n, :,11„ r , 1 (01' , I' ],elf frozen people hud-
4', 01“.ut t1 ('( brasiers.- Boston Advertiser,
'When the'bloom is on the rye'
it is all right. It is all wrong
whoa the bloom of the rye is ou
the end of a mau's pose.
Mothers
Castoria is recommended by physici-
ans for children teething. It is a pure-
ly vegetable preparation, its ingredients
aro published around each bottle It is
pleasant to the taste and absolutely'
harmless. It relieves constipation, re-
gulates the bowels, quiets pain, curds
diarrhoea and wind polio, allay s feverish.
nees, destroys' worms, and prevents con-
vulslonscsooihes the child and gives it'
r freshi.ngg and natural sleep. Castoriµ
is the childreh's panacea—the nhother'i3
friend. 35 doses, 35 cents. 23•.12
Dr. Washington's
NkxP YISLT -
Throat and_ LuHg, Sui g oil,
OF TORONTO
Will boat the
•
'Rat1enbury House
WVEDN.I:SD AY
JULY 18,
After' arrival of
noon train from
(ioderich
Until a p, rut
Chronic Erollt'lt►tis Cure(l.
An English Church ('l,•r;yman•speaks.
Rectory, Cornwall, Out.
Da WAsatS•ar oc —
DEAR Sta—
I nun glad to Lc able to inform 3 ou
that my daughter is quite well again. As this
is the second time site has been cured of grave
broueh'al troubles under you a trea mint, when
the usual remedies failed. 1 write to express
my gratitude. Please accept sty sincere thanks.
]'ours truly, C. B. 1'ETTIT,
Disr,ssES Tsi:A-((D, -Catarrh of the Ilead and
Throat, Catarrh, Deafuass, Chronic Bronchitis,
Asthma and Ctmsgmptiuu. Also loss of voice;
sore throat, enlarged tonsils, Polypus of the
nose removed. Como early, Consultation free.
A few of the many cured by Dr Washiugtor,s
new method.
11 11 Storey, of Store,' k Son, manufacturers,
Acton, Out, also Pres'd Manufacturing Ass., of
Canada. permanently cured of Catarrh, by Dr
Washington, pronounced incurable by noted
specialists in this country and Europe. Write
Inn) for particulars.
Mrs John McKelvy, Kingston, Ont, Catarrh
and Consumption.
John Mcl(olt•y, Kingston, Ont, Catarrh.
Mrs A flopping, Kingston, Ont, L'nonoho Con-
sumption.
Mr 1) Scott,, Kingston, Out, Catarrh, head fwd
throat,
Sirs 'John Bertram, llarrowsudth, 01.5', Ca-.
tarrh, Rend and throat.
Miss Mary A Bombourg, Cr111•ewille, Out,
Catarrh, head and throat.
Janes Mathews, 1' Master, Acton Ont.
A E Fish, Gents Furnishings, Belleville, 0111
cured of Catarrh, throat
Jolffi Phippin,'Sandhurst P 0, Ont, (near Na-
anee n
f Catarrh head .
P (throe and tad run ti•;
'
Head office 215 Yonge Street, Toronto. Con-
sultation Free
McKillop Mutual IlsurdlcB Co
i'
T: NEILANS, HARLOCK
(GENERAL AGENT.
Isolated town and village property, as well
Warm buildings and stock, insured. Insur-
ances effected against stock that niay be
killed bylightning, If you want insurance
drop a card to the above address.
_MULi.OY & FERGUSON.
Mr. ,Tames Ferguson has entered into part-
nership with Dlr. D. Malloy in the Pump
making business. They are both practical
and 'well experienced men and a dare rre 'tared
1 prepared
to do all lands of work in their line, such as
Pump Making, Well Digging and Sinking
Cisterns, on the .tor
test notice
and most
reasonable t terms Orders
sr 1'r.'
) I Ited.
D. DIULLOY,
Clintou.J0ne7. JAS. FERGUSON.
NEW PAINT SHOP.
KAISER & 'WILSON.
Desire to announce that they have opened a
shop on Albert Street, Clinton, next to Glas-
gow's store. • Being practical workmen they
believe they can give satisfaction to all who
entrust their work, PAPER LIAxFIxG, KAL-
sOUINING, PAINTING, GIAININO, AND CEILIING
DECORATIONS, Rc., executed on the shortest
notice. Orders respectfully solicited.
L
trJ
Dr. Chase
Ilam world-wide reputation' as it physfcian and
author. His Mandrake Dandelion Liver (Jure is
triumph of medical skill, curing 1,p11 diseases o
the Kid ey and Lit cr. Synlptonts of
KIDNEY COMPLAINT. Distressing
aches and pains in the hack; a dial pain ,or
weight in the blnddci and base of the abdomen;
scalding urine often obstructul: frequent desire
to urn]te'eI-m
cialhat night, am
on+aged
per-
sons.
hot, dry ,skin, palecomplexion, red and
white epa.i(rnp•d:101t0R'nurstouch,con•
tipation, !riles, liver sisal swellings, 5, .
SYMPTOMS OF
LIVER COMIPLAiNT. Pant -under the
shoulder blades, ,jaundice, sallow complexion, a
weary, tired feeling, no life or energy, headache
dyspepsia, IId IHCS 10'spots pimples,
OWtudiESc.
Mandrake and Dandelion are nature's Liver cures
and when combined with Kidney remedies as in
Dr. Chase's Liver Cure, will most positively cure
all Kidney•Liver troubles, 11 acts like a charm,
stimulating the clogged liver, strengthening the
kidneys, and Invigorating the «hole body. Sold
by ail dealers at 131, with Receipt Book, which a
lone is worth the money.
Ii l D EY LIVER PI Li.R. Dr, C'hase's
Pills are the only 1(ichrey-Liver Pills made, Nay
be taken during any ernployanment. They cure
Kidney.Liver troubles, headache, hilliousness
costiveness, tic, One fill a dose. $01,1 by all
dealers. Price 25 cents. T. ED3IANSON
& l'O., Manufacturer., Bradford, Ontario.
111.•,...11r•MMONIMIMON.M.Nr.141.1/11110MIE 41•11111111.