HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Lucknow Sentinel, 1918-06-27, Page 3FIFTY-ONE YEARS OF CONFEDERATION
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The Thrilling Story of Canada's Development from 1867 to 1918
In All the "Varied Brg*Chef; of Her National Life.
Awake, my country, the heur of ment in the last few years, it la pre -
dreams is rinu•I • dieted thet it is only in its infancy.
Doubt not, no dread tile greatnese , * * *
of thy fate. Take our fisheries. Cenacia hae the
Tho' faint *MAIM fehr the 'keen, chnq richest commercial fishing wider* in
fronting sun, the world, eutPloying 100,000. The
And fain would hid the Morn of products value, soon after Confedera-
splendor wait; tion, was only $6,577,391, Whereas it ie
The dreemers, rapt in starry Visions, now $80,900,000. The total produe.
tion value siece 1870 le a 'billion dol -
"Lo, you tliY future, Yon thy faith, laree and yet it is said that we lt,re'
' thy lamer • wily beginning te catelt this ric -- r -
,And stretch vain hands to stars, 'OW vest of the aee. ,
fame is nigh, . 0 0
. Here in Canadian hearth, and home,
and neine;--
Thia mune which yet 4411 greW
Till all theteee!,ens know
1•73 .01"a Patriot' People, heart and hand
Canada has carried mit many 'great
undertaking since Confederation: the
building of three tranecontinentrit
railways; the extension of the canal
inratein; big harbor improvements in'
Loyal to our native earth-eoar Own the chief seepOrt Cale's; the bnilding
Canadian land!
--Charles G. D. Roberts
Wonderful is the iitory of Conte+,
*ration,
Thrilling is the story • of national
progress during the half -century since
the Dominion of 'Canada was started tle or no immigration in 1867. The
On its career, and because it is won- Modern Movement Canada -ward be-
- della and thrilling, fifty-one I. gaze In 4897, or 20 erears - agoe-Siece
year perspective,. it makes the future then 3,296,797 have entered CAnada,
correspondingly alluring, ahYs XI% viz.; then,
or 88 per cent.;
Prank Yeigh, in the Toronto .Sunday• foreign, 885,299, or 27' per cent.;
" Vold. As the Duke of Connaught United States, 1,188,783, or 36`• per
*lid, in his farewell address to. the cent. Total arrivals in 1916-17,
Canadian 'people on Oct, 8, 1916: 75,396; largest number of arrivals in
"Canada ,has a great future before it, any ono year were 402,432 ine1.0.12-13.
In Canada. the empire has a portion This 20 -year inflow represents 53 clif.
ethat is bound to take a leadingpart in ferent nationalities, snaking Canada
the activities of the future." . one of the world's human melting pots.
• Let nO measure Canada's growth A retrivaI of arrivals is expected after
between 1867 and 1918, treating the the war. Himestead entries in the
, subjects alphabetically under genie 20 years total half a million.
outstanding heads; * * s • •
canada is; as she has always been, Canada hag every right to be re-
• sin agricultural country, but the field garded, with three oceans surrounding
.crops value a 1867 were infinitesimal in as a marine country. There has
ec•papared with the $1,089,687,000 been growth in this department, from
Werth In pv. Agriqultural exports 5,693 registered veeiels in 1867 to
• lut:Ye geneup from $12,871,055 to. 8,172 now;
representing a tonnage
$673,000,000 in 1917, and yet less than value a $30,000,000, and causing
, ten per tent. of Canada's tillable area Canada to rank tenth among
Is under &titivation. What room for the maritime nations. A marked ren
'increased production these figures vival in the shipbuilding industry is
veeli Over •half of Canada's invest already manifest, over against 'a world
ed capital, per ceneue of 1911, was hi need for increased tonnage.
• • farm Values., Dairying, live 'dock and e •
.itindred interests have had a dorree; Canada produces practically all the
ponding development. ' known minerals. Production eines
, • * leaped from $10,000,000 in 1871 to
,Canada has become a billion ,dollar 8105,000,000 IS 1917, and yet Prefes-
country, ite is evidenced in banking
data. Banks and banking hew wit -
!leased a remarkable expansion stir,
1867. , Chartered, banks have, how-
• ever through absorption and atnalgae
t .
=talon, been reduced of late years to
Ple, but the bank branches have In-
creased to over 8200, .
Electricity was. -an undiscovered
force in. 1867-, and electrical develop-
ment unknown:- - T.:leder the- mystic
power , is tran,sferming. the conntry.
- The Hydro -Electric Power Transmis-
' sloe Line of Ontario is one of the
longest in the *mid, extending 240,
mileen, Most cities and towns are
supplied with electrical energy, and
its latest' application is on the farm.
Great as has been electricaldevelop.
of a great elevator system across the
Continent; the development of our wa-
terpower resources; and the opening
of vast new areas ef -country. .
* 5 *.
Regarding the growth of population
through intraigratiOne-Canada hail lit-
•
Parmets ship their wool
(Urea to 'esi get better psi*
than farmers who gell to the
general store.
ASIC ANY FARMER!
who has sold his wool both
ways, and note whet he geys-
er, better still, write tis for our
prices ; they will show you now
much you Tose by selling to the
General Stott ..• '
We pay the tastiest prices of firin
hi thecoustryand ars the tosestwoot.
•deatershi cseada. Payment is re-
mitted the smnedsywoolis received.
Ship ireyour wool to -day -yo s tenth(
snore then pleases it•you do, and are
assurecrof a square deal from us. 2
end rural mall delivery, steel Tall
salsa swinger hotel*, technics'
schools, trittisntiesion power lines, tinge
writerin teMpersnoir legislatien, in
nine-tenthe of Outside, vitamin safe
rage in some provineee, wartwestern
0
4010, United States industriee M
Caneda-over 00 of them.
* * *
Catnida's poPulstion has in Cal
years jumped from 2,871,594 to
7,206,648 in 1911, or friori2e than
doubled (now estimated at 7,600,000).
Increase in 1901-1911, 34 per cent. In
1911 roral population was 3,926,602,
404 urban 8,081,141. Increase ef
rural populetion in ten yeare was
17.16 per cent.; of urban, R.* per
cent.; thus emphasizing that marked
modern tendency from country to city.
Three-fourths of Canada% Population
is British-1mm Of the total, 0,821,-
005 are male, 3,384,648 female. Men
a military age* (18-45), 1,700,079.
(Over 400,000 , enlisted). (See ale°
under immigration.)
The growth of, a couatrY is further
evidenced by its poetal service. The
3638 postoffices Of 1867 have increae-
ed to 13,057 in 1916, covering an ever -
widening area of territery, until the
little red box is seen all the way from
Lonisbourg to the Yukon; from the
international boundary to the Arctic
Circle. Free rural mail delivery and
the penal peet dervice are modern
improvement, The • eighteen mil-
lion letters mailed In' 1.868 have in-
creased to Oven hundred million.
Postoffice saving banks are new since
Confederation holding $40,000,000' in
deposits,
* * 41
How email the Dominion area was
in 1867 compared with nowl There
were only four provinces at the birth
a Confederation; nine now. And yet
the nine take up only half of Canada's
total area. There is pont enough for
nine more. '
• In 1868 the area of the four irov-
feces forming Confederation was only
662,148 square miles; now Parliament
exercises jurisdiction over 3,729,665
square miles in the nine provinces and
three territories.
CANADA'S CRESTS AND EMBLEMS
114
" * •
>5;?.1.;; -POLL-•.:
igdai'Lia‘d
r4tii; 441k
grAz.
441P 41... •43**"*.
41
THE FOUNDERS OF ME
• Historic (lathering of October, 1804,1* the Parliament
et Quebee) and Its' Far -Reaching Results.
On the tenth of October, 1864, there Instorial 'position* have been ties lot
***embled in the Perlianient Build-' of others and the Dominion they were
in the CKY of (Oboe, 38 gentle- instrumental in calling into existence,
men, whose deliberations and disci- end of which they built the wells,
• 'ions were fraught with gpsag and may well, on this the Afty-dirst an -
far -reaching results. For libel con- niveraary of Doinialeu Day, do their
itituted the group of Medi MAY, with memories honor. To them colloc-
ome degree of inexactitude, familiar. tively no monument or Nstoried urn"
by designated Oa the Page ef content- has been erected, but we may leo%
P9rnr,* history, "the. Father* of Con- with the mind's eye at the Dominion
federation," and 'Upon their adieu Its it Is; vegan to memory what it was
rested the making or the marring of a belt a. eentury age, and as; a The
very great Political Work, the laying founders of 'Confederation, ea Is said
the'founidation* Of new nation and of Sir Christopher Wren in the orypt
one of the greatest federatione the of yds great work, St. Paul's
world has ever seen. And the men to Catbedredi 41 you sok their mono -
,whom was entrusted this great work moist look amend." They Imre, In
Were gathered in a fitting place and truth, erected their own monument,
on a Site which for two centuries and one -which if Causidlans be but true to
a. half had been the scene of -events themselves, win never be deitroied-
in history, both real and romantic.
The • faramie conference was held in
the then Parliament Ilouae of the
United Canadas of the period as eon -
on the left is the Crest of Confederation, representing the four Provinces
' united in 1867. On the, right is the Crest • which represents the
nine Provinces now forming the Dominion of Canada.
5 5 5
What a wonderful development hail
taken place in railway conittuction
since 18671 Only 2878 miles then
served limited parts of the east, with
not a single mile, a steel north of
Lake Superior and over the Rockies to
the Pacific. The only method of trans-
portation in the west was by water,•
pony or Red•River.eart. The Canadian
Pacific Railway wog unplanned in de-'
sor W. G. Miller says: Only the tail; there was only the pledge of a
fringe of our mineral resources, have cross -continent line.. The Grand
been touch*" and only ten•per cent.
.of Ontario's promising mineral area
has been peoepeeted. , The same re-
mark applies to most of the other
provieces. •
•• Mining production- In the Dominion
has doubled hi 11 yeara, and'the total
Trunk system was only 15 years old,
and, therefore, in its infancy. Now
three trans -continental 'lines link east
and. weak :with branches in every
direction. Canada owns and operates.
4111 miles of railway, goverrunental-
production glace Confederation -es- The 2278 milea ate Confederation
nearly two billion- dollars- - . • - have increaTed to 87,434, whichemeans
• * that Canada has more railway mile-
, .Canada's industrial life was a small age per capita thin any other noun -
/actor in 1867. There were few fac- try in the world; she has given $800,-
tories and Artisans, with littleor no
production other than for home use;
but per. A .postal census of manufac-
• tures taken in 1915, Canada has 2,1,291
industrial, establishments„ employing
511,859, with wages and salaries of
$60,143,704. But even more signific-
ant are the capital figures of $1,984,-
991,427; and production value ofe$1,-
• 392,516,893. . Canada now makes
800 kinds of manufactures, and among
the industrial plants are over 500
branch United States industries. With
rich ,natural resources and cheap *riv-
er, Canada prliinises to . become in-
creasingly strong, industrially. 'r
.
•*••* .5 •
• H. S/.iQNDREWS-7
I3CHURCH ST:, TORONTO
Lots of things can happen, in half a
century. Have, you realized hoer many
new things' have come hito existence
since. 1867?' Such as airships, auto- ARRA ar,„„
mobiles, apartment houses, citric Play- -- ----'-'• * * •
grounds, consolidated schools, con-- '• '
Wireless telegraphy was
eumption hospitals, dynamos depart; • . also un -
mental stores, electrical development known at confederation. To day,
tractors;cookers,"Canada 'has a ehein of wireless tele -
electric street cars, fireless cookers,
hatcheries, farm tractors; stations -.extending . from the
natural and manufactured, gasoline -Qulf of St. Lawrence and jellied up
n eleva. 'the Great Lakes to the head of Lake
engines, garden planningegrai
Superior, constitutitig a marine tele -
tors, hydro -electric power linea, ifl.. graphiC service '' under .direct govern.-
cubaters, insurance companies on a ment
large scaler ice breakers. motor boats, control not equaled by any other
munition_ plantaeroedical _...- -Am-m'''an - -- is
country ia the world.
and X-rays, nickel mining,. natural 1 _ --7-41 —40
gao, oyeter cultivation,- ell-proPolled - Theta is no mord of foreet pre-
onninfetivaaeundiAnloVrA. e-.-Pitrfleeh_24...-,iheetionenlehieKe-a-tetoll:fe4rationri- WI-
-
1/00,000 toward this end.
- * •s 5
The telephone was unknown and un-
dreamed of in 1867; to -day Canada is
one- of the world's. greatest, telephone
*re, with 1 for every. 14.6 of the
lientileitien;,Or .00144' in.._011; 1592
operating companies -lie -Ye ay„iireiiill‘
age of 1,600,000; 15,247 are enmloyed;
•$76,920,314 of capital is represented;
revenue has reached $18,594,267, and
net profits $7,852,719. • Mall of the
organizations are co -Operative..
• The telegraph has also 'witnessed its
chief expansion since 1867.
Canada has 40,251 pile niileage, and
206,851 wire • 'mileage , of telegraph
lines....10,835,936 land messages were
sent In 1916; 11 'operating telegraph
'companies to -day, ;capital $'75,000,000,
,1%.,Ly•
iffay Cod preserve the, Canada!
Th(i' -child among the nations; °
• 'Mid proudest lands.
Strong hearts and hands
Shalt cliim for thee a station. .•
• Land �fthe forest and the lake, •
Land of the rushing river;
• Our prayers ,shall rise for thy dear sa
Forever and foreier.
' -R. S. Ambrose.
.41.4ERS OF CONFEDERATION'
11
"THE FATHERS OP THE CONFED
•mites at the Quebec Conference
From Canada -
Sir Etienne P. Tache (1795-1865)--
• Premier, Receiver -General • and
'• Minister of Militia.
•',John A. Macdonald (1815-1801)--e
Attorney -General for Upper Can-
ada. • • ' ••
George E. Cartier (1814-1673),
•. Attorney -General for Lower'Can-
WI& • . •
George Brown (1818-1880)---Presi-
•dent of the Executive Coundl.
Oliver Mowat (I820 -1903) -Post-
• master -General:•
Alexander T. Galt (18174893)-
• Minister of Finance.
,xellro.ouia.082?-1994)--,
_ Secretary.
T.- D'Arcy___McGee (18214868)-
, Minister of Agriculture. '
Alexander ,Canipbell (1821-1892)-7
Coinmissioner of Crowe Lands. -
• T. C, Chapels ,1812-1885)7-Coin-
rnissioner of Public Works. • ••
Hector L. Langevin (1826-1906),--
-So1icitor-Genera1 for Lower Can-
Jamee Cockburn (1819 -1883) -Soli,
--e-citor-General for Upper Canada.
A Vital NeoessIty
In Peact, or War
1 strikingly •illustrates its -present-day
value. Canada's present supply of
commercial thnber has been estimated
as high as 800 billion feet, bberd ibea-
sure,'which does not include pulpwood,
of which Canada is now said to have,
• the -world's chief supply. • • •• .
Canada geld,. in. 1916, 940,000,000
of pulpwood, wood pulp and paper,
chiefly to the United States; 50 pulp
and paper Mills are in operation.
Canada's fereign trede has -else
grown with the country. How small
the $131,027,532 of 1867-8 appear
when compared with the, enormous
total of $2,249,170,171 in 1916-17. The
imports then of $78,459,644 have
creased to $84080,903, and the ex-
ports of $57,567,888 to $1,151,375,768.
Canada, in 1867, did business within
a limited area, and a few countries;
to -day her trade route e make a world
map, reaching 45 eountries. Canada
has latterly changed from an import-
ing to an exporting Country, the dif-
ference of exports over imports in
1.916-17 being 006,644,665. Canada's
foreign commerce is two and a half
times as much as that of the United
statee, per MAUL
* • *
• ""
• The, operations of Water -Power and Public *any Com-
. patties are a vital neceseity to the industrial and social
welfare of Canada,andare as eseential in times on Rettig
as in war,
THE SOUTHERN CANADA POWER COMPANY,
LIMITED --a Water -Power & Publin Utility Committee'
controls water powers capable of 100,000 1LP. development-,
• and supplies light and power to over 45. municipalities in
the Eaetern Townships and vicinity.
Thesis' are two of Mir leasone for recommending ,the
, 6% PONDS OP THE SOUTHERN CANADA POWER
• COMPANY, • LIMITED, wbich we are offering with a bonue
•of bowmen, stook, thus giving investors an oppertunity of
, :id
particlees in the future success et -the Company.
•Send for special circulate and map showing territory
• sinrved.
• 311071/11111 MT 011/11011L/111XD !IS0M TM
• 01/1 MONTI= 110.11111MONT MAN
• NESBITT? THOMSON & COMPANY
Itivosimont. Bankire • LimNed
Bien:Wale Trust Bldg. Hamilton
222 St. hunts Street •Montreal
Western Canada Wad "the breat
Lon o Land" in 18671 with, but a hand -
From Nova Scotia- •
-
Charles Tupper • (1821 -1915) --Pre.
• • mier and Provincial Secretary.
• William A. Henry „ ,(1.816 -1915) -
Attorney -General. -
R. B, Dickey (1811 -1903) -Member
of the Legislative Council:
-Johnathan MeCully (1809-1877)--
• Member of the Legislative Com -
Adams G. Archibald (1814 -1892) --
No Records of Deliberations
The deliberations a th• 'coder-
enee 'were held in nriVatee-ne re-
stitiited at the of 1840. Thisl cords !ming kept and the press, for
4004 On the bold 'crag where once had wise and. politic reasons, being kept ,•
Steed the Bishop's palace, overlook- in the dark. Nor lies much been re-
ing the St Lawrence and the Lower corded of the proceedinga which. W.
Town, andhard by the 3/fountain Hill,
the precipitoue road leading from the
'river to thir-UppereTewn.'• -Up- that
hill had passed Jacques Cartier, the
haughty Pront.enac, the sainted Laval,
the noble and self -Sacrificing Frenell
Women who came as thenurses of re-
Itecollet and Jesuit mission-
• aries, soldiers and 'traders, grafters
like Bigote-a procession of the pita-
neer% of New France, great and small,
• good and bad. Probably the nine-
• teenth century successors Of 'these
may ,have been seated near the un-
known grave of the actual founder of
the Ancient Capital, in 1608, Samuel
• Champlain. For strange It, that
though it is recorded' be built a
'chapel to receive his remains, his
grave, like that of Moses, is a subject
of speculation , and controversy, and
while it is held by some than% bones
are beneath the Basilica in the 'Up-
per Town there is ground for the as-
sumption that they rest near the very
spot over •which the Canadian confer-
ence held its epoch-making sessions.• .
' The. Precursory Stages
ERATION; the men Who were dele-,
in October, 1864, were aa follows:
• Member' of the Legislative As-
sembly. '
From New Brunswick- ••
,Sainual Leonard Tilley (1818-1896)
-.Premier and Provincial Seers -
William H. • Steeves (1814-1873)-
• Minister without portfolio.
J. 141: Johnsen (1818".1868) -Attor-
ney -General: •
Peter Mitchell (1824 -1899) --Minis.
ter without portfelio. •
• E. B. Chandler (1800 -1880) -Mem-
ber of the Legislative 'C,ouncil,
John. Hamilton Gray (1814-1899)-e-
, Members ot the Legislative As-
sembly. . .
Charles Fisher (1808-188fltr-liem,
b_er of _the. Legiglative , Aesenibly:
From Prince Edward Island -
Colonel John Hamilton Gray (1812-
• ,, 1887) --President of the Council.
- Edward Palmer (1809-1899)--At-
torney-Generale ,•
• . -
William IL Pope •(1825-1879)-e
Member of the Legislative Coun-
cil. - •
A. A. Macdonald (1829-1912),-
• Meinber of the Legislative. Coun-
• George Coles (1810-1875)-Meraber
• Of the Legislative. Assembly.
T. Heath Haviland (1822-1895)-
Member.of the Legislative . As-
.. sembly.
' Edward Whelan (1824 -1867) -Mem..
ber of the Legislative Assembly.
From Ne*foundland-
F: B. T. Carter (1819 -1900) ---Speak-
' er' of the Legishittre Assembly.
Ambrose Shea (1818-1905-). '
fuL of settlers Winnipeg -Saskatoon E- • 0 Peerless Canada!
born. Not a single mile of railway
afforded transportatien facilities, and
there was no .sense of union or inter-
est with the Canadian , east, tho.ughl Land of_ vast prairie plains. •
western Canada holds two-thirds 01 Land that our home contains;
Canada's total area. Now it is oneld Irow great thy worth!.
the greatest wheat -growing areas in •
the worlde-and with •land' to yield Dear land of Sunny skies, -
millions of bushels more Population Country of wondrous size,
increaie, hi ten years, 1901-1911, was . So grand. and free, •
174 per cent - Land:Where our fathers briteveeee
.• Settled, frein• o'er the wave,
• ,Wrought and fought thee to save,
eneateeeyeseeeeleuL,...kteneeeeeAte t We ad ern. WAS!!
tel•-
Regina, Calgary, Vanceuver were un -
0 peerless, Canada,
Our beauteous Canada, .
• Land of onr birth,
Land of great mountain ehains,•
*
blith-Of ConrederatirinFfo tWy s
in the greatest war in the world'i his -
tori. :48_0,000 have enlisted; -war ex-
penditure up •to November, 1917,
$700,000,000, Domestic war loans,
$900,000,000; Munition orders total
over $1,000,000,000 up to end of 1017.
' It is interesting,. in conclusion, to.
recall the eleven governors-general of
Canada for 51 eare•
• Viscount Monck, G. C. M:G. -July
•* Lord Lisgar, (Sif John
Young) -February 2, 1869.
• The Earl of Dufferin, K.P., K C .13e
G.C.M.G.-June 25., 1872• .
The Marquis of Lorne, K.T G.C.
M.G.-November 25, 1878. •
The Marquis of Latisdowne, G,C M.
G, -October 28, 1888.
Lord- Stanley of Preston: G.C.B.-
June 11, 1888. .
The Bart of Aberdeen, K.T., G.C.
M.G.-September 18; ' 1808'. '
The Earl of Mint°, G. C M.G.- •
govember 12, 1898..
The Earl Or,rey, G G -Deem-
ber 10, 1904.
Field Marshal II. R. H. the Duke of
Connaught, K. 0. -Oct. 19, 1011.
The nuke of Devonshire, K.G.,. G.
C.M.G...G.C,V.O. etc.,: -1017,
0 land of forests rare,
Great lakes beyond compare,
• -- And rivers wide, '
Lai.O • -4 cornfields, Untold,
Whose Sunie;.. lees 'rif gold'
So fair are to behold; -
*.• Thou* art • our pride. •
Our country, heaven -blest,
Refuge of earth's opprest;
Who to thee fly, '• •
Land of wealth, youth, and Might,
Land of faith, courage, right. -
Preserve thou e'er from blight,
' Thy liberty.
0 Lord in,Heaven above,
Save the great land we love,
Our 'Canada!
May she e'er presp'rous be, •
Aye brave her sons and free-- •
Brothers from sea to sea,
• Save Cetiatla!
• Hired Arthur Hunter.
. To. Canada.. •
•
•
The story of the events Which led
up to the meeting of the delegates at
Quebec to prepare for union and end
a tong era of political bickering and
misunderstanding is generally' film'',
jar and is duly recorded on the pages
of the most elementary school hietorY-
Union was a very manifest, and only,
solution of the difficulties' which arose
In Canada as she grew from the year
1791, whop the Canada Bill came into
operation, to the 'Union of Upper and
Lower Canada in 1840 and onwards.
It is worthy of note, however, that
the idea' was fiieit Put into -concrete
form-in•the -Legislative Aseembly, • of
Notre Scotia, When a resolution was
passed in 1868 in' favor of a confed-
eration to perpetuate British connec-
tion and promote the advancement
and prosperity, increase strength and
influence, and elevate the Pesition of
the 'protinces. And 'a very practical
Move was Made, the first apparently,
in the direction of Confederation,. by
•.( afterwards_Sir). Alexander Galt,
When Finance Minister, in 1868, and
Mr. (later Sir) George Cartier, who
visited London for the Purpose of ad-
vocating the Jr °position. The
bit-
perial Government impressed on the
Ministers, the fact that the initatiVe
movement Must be Canadian. • The
field was clear for action etthe kind
the British. Ministry suggested, and
the conflicts, legislative and party, of
the period were rapidly Making '
change absolutely neceesary. Se acute,
indeed, did internalstrifebecome that
-it had to be allayed by some meani if
political chaos and national ruin *ere
to be averted. And the leading men
of theperiod were happily equal to
the `Occasioin The leaders were at
heart in unison on this point George
Brown and John A. Macdonald were
known to be of one mind on t1133
lowed, when.* number, Of the members
went to. London in the ,mouth of
.Thseembere and met.st :the Weetmine
ster Place Rotel, where a tablet may
be seen in one of the rooms, On. which.
Is stated thet the envoyktrom
Cn-
aa, on confederation bent, debated
Within its walls. There the draft* of
the "Act for the Union of Canada,
Nova Scotia and New Bransv4ek, and
the Government thereof," were form.,
lated and studied. The constitution,
"similar in principle to that of the '
Mother Country, was very carefully
framed, and it Is evident that the de- •
eign wee to *void any imitation of the
United States. This principle had
been prophaeized in the discussion 1
Parliament by more than one speaker,
when the Union was discussed in
1865,, and the address to the. Queen,
setting forth •that bew intereste:
and present end future prosperity of
North America, would be promoted by
a Union. under. the Crown of Great
Britain, vias.Toiel on: It was then
apparently decided that the Canadian
constitution must be one exactly the
contrary of that whiCh the United
States had established, and Should 're-
flect not the motto "E Plitribue
Unume" but "In Uno Plura." So in-
stead of -Evereign• atates, :provinces
were established, with delegated pow-
ers Naturally fc...eling against the,
American principlewas strong, ami ,
intensified by the fact that the 'Repub.
Ifo'llad at that time it3*eaknessee •
brought into strong Prominence 'by,
the great civil War,, ` Three or four
draft actswere made in London, and
It may be noted that until the final •
One: was 'Completed: the term '"King..
d9O1 of Canada" was read, "Dominion
being. 'Shelly anhatittited,'.aii -
ed, for fear of woundingthetender
susceptibilities ,of our neighbors, But
the North America Act gives the Doe
miniontheitibstance of a Kingdom:
without the name. ;I,ts provisions ere .
known to ali,, and the machinery of
our Constitution seen in operation and.
familiar to our Peat& We know -that • -
like that of Which it is si Copy, it em-
bodies- whateforeign-eritieshaveeterme„- „
ea the most Perfect system of govern.
ment even evolved from centuries of
practice ana precedent. ' •
' -The "New Nationality" ,
The 'first Parliament 'ef the. newly
united provinces reit at Ottawa On
the 4th Of • November, 1867,
and - his speech s from the
throne the Governor-General,
Lord •Viscount • Mona', ' offered
his dongratulatiens on the birth of a
"new nationality"
,
The, first . Cabinet of the Dominion
Was composed as follows:-Quebeef •
President of , the 'Council, Ferguson
Blair. Minister of Justice (arid Ritmo
lelini;teir), Sir. John A. Macdonald;
Secretary of State, IT, L. `Langeviii;
Finance, K. -yr: Galt; - Publie Works;
W. • McDougall; •Postmaster -General,
mentous issue, so it came about that Alekandei Campbell; Agrieulture, 3.• •
the dark thundercloud which 'breaded a '7 Chitties; Receiver -General, K'
over this fair land wairiven and light Kenney; •Militia, 'George E.' Cartier;
shone into the Chamber 'in -which the Customs S. L. Tiller,. Inland Rev-- '•
statesmen, referenceelnis mite HoWlandl-. Marine." and -
been made, were gathered together OW Fisheries, P. Mitchell; Secretary of
a• bright' October morninga clay. re- , 'State , for 'the Provinces, Adams G...
flertingealletbee'pelorienAtea' ItewilLbe.Seen, that ten
Autumn season, as seen in. one o o
most beautiful gituatiqns in title broad the Conference at Quebec. The
Dominion. ' ..members were fairly divided between
• The Great Council • , the two political parties, it being at
object of Sir 'John Macdonald to oblit-
• A preliminary conference had • been •
erate 'all the old' party, and especially •
,held at Charlottetown) and the ie-
. racial, distinctions, and 'to, start With
a clean. slate.
• The Confederation has ,gathered -
',strength ita she has made her way
and, Marvellous indeed has' been her
•in. area, material progress,
and soeial iinprovement.
\,_ ;'i of its work commenced at
Quelic, 13 trt ' '..'„ the addition of re-
presentatives fromi `it,,..,..-fniindland and
some new members froint'est - eeeV-
inces. The names, of the "Fathdri
-of Confederation" will be fotied on
another column: '
.
It would take too much space to
describe, personally, these wWitans,"
as the Saitoes termed their- repre-
sentatives in • the national assembly,
or their respective positions in the
State. They •were all leaders, 'and
each has left a name and a reeOrd#
and their memory lives in their Pub -
lie acts. It has to be said "lives,"
for alas! of that brilliant lisserobly
not one remains with us to day After
the recent- death of Sir Charles Tup-
per, ‘full of yeara anehonor, in."1915;
Canada had to sigh, - "And new the
'whole round table is diesolved." But
I the "Greet Council" of the nation hae
seert and heard well nigh all of then!.
1
The courta of law have seen many of
, them gracing the ernline Upton the
* bench. High diplomatic and other -
In Memoriain.)
They are not dead;
Your gallant Sens,
Who 'lave left this world' .
Of war and strife,
Theilleve only posed
Through the' gate of dentin,
Into fuller, fairer life,
. "Country of Mine."
:Country of mine thatgave me birth,
Land of the maple and the pine,
What tither gift has this round earth
Than these fair, fruitful flak% of
•thine '
Like sheets of.gold thy harvest run
Glowitig, beneath the Augnst -sun
Thy white peeks soar,
Thy cataracts rear, .
Thy forests, stretch from shore ti
' shore; •
Untaymeedr one
ITtiolingrtheurnio:alc
ritoitulte.Suletierto
•
Under an Oen, botindles. ri
• implore
• That greatness may not pass thee hylt
-Ttettna Colontlis
14,•
les* ‘,414.44or