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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Lucknow Sentinel, 1920-02-05, Page 2s ..t CROSBY'S KIDS 4. - ti • Wel Jack Frost Get Your Car? The garage man laughed .gritmly. "Yes, we had a good, hard freeze last tpdght, and I'll have lots o& business this" morning.' Some people never take the trouble to protect their' cars ' against ..cold weatker, and so they ave to pay the price." And he cheer- ully laid a handful of expense -cards tin the bench beside his blow -torch. Now, I wonder whether you are like "some people,"_ and will wait until your car freezes' up before you do anything? I'll admit. that I have one -that same Ailing wic ing once or tick., One I've Learned' my lesson. Now, of using anti -freeze. When properly done this is the safest sort of scheme; but you must do it right. In very severe weather, the pet -cock will sometimes freeze up before the radi- ator is quite empty; for, queer as it seems, hot water, as any plumber will tell . you, freezes more quickly Tian cold water:' The reason is, that cold water is more or less full of air - bubbles which act as non-conductors of' cold; heating the water drives out all this air. So, it is a good scheme ,to run the engine until all, or nearly all, of the water has drained off. ..The alcohol in anti -freeze, will eva- when the first white .frost glints ori" porate faster than the, 'v ater; there - .:the ,meadows,:14rain ,rrny ;radiator and •fore, when ..adding more mixture, refill witha.aome anti.-freeezing pre- make the new proportion a little 1 paration; there are several good ones stronger than the old. It a warm day I on the market. comes along, drain off the mixture; For temperatures not lower thin, into a big jug or,can and ',refill the _zero' I_ sometimes take ts awo partrad•iator with water; at night, let the water and one part of • wood alcohol; f -water out and put' back the anti or more severe weather, a half -and -1 freeze' Alcohol heats up very rapid- ly, and evaporates in hot weather; alf mixture is better. Even if this ; oes freeze, it makes a soft spongy ' bort of Ice that is easily melted and reldom bursts anything; at least, that bas been my experience. 'Before ore "ced `ll � . � era er �.sets in,s either' �+ � you 10 ad better invest $8 or .$7 in a good ' 1 W -to rcIi "' ilifi � d est" how t ,.,. rn o use it. f mq car freezes, I get my torah go- ii ng (thus take about five minutes) end push the cal' out of the garage; a hot, open flame is entirely too risky to use in a closed room that is prob- ably full of gasoline vapor. To thaw things out, Y play the blue flame -jet over the -radiator and the connecting bipes underneath, .being "careful not to urn therubber hose, the pump -pack- ing, the grease -cups nor the enamel en the radiator frame. When water runs freely out of the petcock at the bottom, eiterything is melted; only, after -a day's drive you may have riot Tng vbut water left. -And--remenr=' ber, don't bring An open flame about your open radiator -top when using aleehol.s6lutionva repair • man lost his ebrow-sA: by` lioldi..ng. 'a &&latch p=er t . rtXlrt , ... . . Wrapping the hood with ablanket when the car stops is a very good scheme, in winter; it makes the car start easier and lessens the risk of freezing. About starting—that bugbear of wintertiane to all motorists, especially if the car must be cranked. I have solved the problem by carrying a squirt -can full of equal parts of ether and gasoline; a half teaspoonful of this' in each cylinder will make an absolutely cold engine . fire with the first- quarter -turn of the crank. Sometimes you have to repeat the you had better make sure that- the dose until the cylinders get warn }yet -cock is free, by running a wire or enough to vaporize the gasoline from small nail up through it. the carbureter, but it never fails, A strong solution of . warm salt and you don't have to fool with hot water, poured down the radiator, will water and such stuff. In very ,cold thaw things out very quickly, if the weather, pure ether may be neces- weather isn't too cold; but all this sary. If there are rho priming -cups, salt must be carefully washed out, replace the spark -plugs with special else it will rust and corrode things "priming -plugs"; there are several •at a fearful rate. types. I have used them with very Some of my neighbors prefer to great success. Your garage man drain their cars every night instead probably -carries one kind. Tobacco as Incense. , Smoking was. a. habit acquired by ' 'Wuropean nations from the Indians of • America. In 1492 Columbus found them using tobacco, not as it is now done, but as an ince • se'burned in hon- be of their deity. Tobacco smoking be : an as- a religi- QQus rite: Tobacco was used by Wilms much as Oriental -1i • o ade Ase of myrrh or frankincense in their teligious observances. Voyagers to America after Columbus -revealed dif- ferent culstoms in the tobacco habit. - It was discovered that in parts of the continent the natives inhaled the in-, cense until they became exhilarated, er- even intoxicated by the fumes. This meant for them that -they derived inspiration from the good pleasure ' of their deity. The honor paid to. the deity " came back upon them in ex. bilarating profusion. Brom this the step was not far to ascertain . that incense offered to a rod could be employed as a medicine. was drawn Into. the mouth through hollow tube—a kind of pipe—and en expelled as in smoking. To the rationalising European it was left to transmute the poor Indian's worship ,into an ordinary pleasurable habit. Snowflakes. Evergreens, evergreens, bend your • bushy branches low; -Catch the tiny snowflakes as they fall; L ttle airy, fairy things, sifting down from heaven, Settling,- settling, settling over all. • Dancing up, floating down, Flutter flutter, still they go. Little ariry fairy things, The Fairies the Snow. Making Imitation Leather. To make imitation leather counter- _ _. closely .as. >- shit the real article as clo sible, the grain of its surface is form- ed •with• dies made ,tom impressions of actual hidtes, by a new and ingeni- ous process. The system used is simi- lar to electrotyping. The metal film deposited on the hide copies every ane and pore' of its surface, and when stripped- off is used to' wake either fiat or cylindrical intpressisn plates. These, pressed by • poR er on the arti•. titian Ieather, mark their, exact e:oUn• terpart,upon it. Copies are thus made'. of any desired kind of leather Ocean's •Bed. • 'i o an enarmous extent"the bed of the ocean IA ' overed With lava and pawl ce atone.., . a - v - ♦ 'or IS SCIENCE A CURSE Ok A BLESSING? • You Your o There is sweethiug. the a tatter nth the wan who says that- he hasn't a chance. • There itis not be ..food enough or money enough to go round, • right to tet- that frosts zeal. and seldt cif givonture. leave you because of the calendar's. spite. Be as old In Che. tee - I t THE 'BENEFITS OUT- tures as you like, but du not confuse 9 the' feat'it with the face 'The fee& WEIGH THE EVILS . . ebut there are always chances a -plenty, titre:( ut•e of the body; the fade!, in of waiting for somebody to step up and • the sOiII. TIie oyes that are the will- . claim them. It is ne•4•essary, to have duws ahem the soul slth san keep A British Writer Proves That the wit to iseite•anti to st';ze them. The 'youug forever. No. .eyes can be so ' man who knows his chance syncs he !!terry fie:the eyes of people, old �u •years who have kept the faith, anti dont' their duty by holplxig; f -t-4 eep he-- tt orlri's ood cheer alive. Anda ntan may -tie old. In the linib but it is the spirit of bleu that tells the • truth` as hi .his age. •. Su ue wiseacre stuutti up asci shouts that our era belnngii -to the youhg then" and. that !heir s;eniori►, have no chenee; • but presently •it iti discovered' again, Science Has Greatly Aided Mankind. c oUld put into oneei is the meet* it,; or it meets hill!, is the ratan. -woo-presently ,has c th'ers w eslcing 'fr►r, him_,, and still" .others savin- :ttuazed- ly, "Why. I• knew hint when"-- Of .benetlt:c ieceived in' a hundred. years,, course, he 11,14 nu. btlsi:tt• •v tun get.so and into the other ihtt ntit;e�ry pro tar ahead of the boy:road fatnilt:irs,• duceit b, scl.eiititie ittveutions in the 1>`ut he made a bueine:�s where he had l,aet five years, witway. 'would the irons, and where there se etncd• to�'he' iialtiuee ui' human I1altichipiuesis3 sKlItg?' noise till hes came along. ' This question was asked l,y ..ir • 'Solomon wasn't the first to .raise the Fteliry•Tru«'rtiatl'� tVcroci ut a . l•went. cry ''Nothing. 'new, nothing : flow!'' as a philosopher observed, that "we to ,ting. tit thy. l3uy,tcl Seeclty =ut:Alts,-t• danw 'reisett it desPmndeotly_atter, he are none of us_tnfatltbtjnet- t#e in London.- Fit Has leet:.tu•ltig s�ii the .had., been in the garden a- few hours .youngest cit us,' and that the stored vow �' idolatry. of Sc it,nccud` speaking of ,I and.. had int,~1ieeted. 'all the ,flora.. and sagesse of 'the' Elder Statesmen bas' 1W mut. lW4lLif THOUGHT' 0UL9 HA1 E � dice vc-i te�1 L,li lulc, :matt; _hitt!. pry,• fauna -=and `hien „gn's- •-`Eva''c:inte "lint o tits useful tunction .triter ail; a terrible curse. " - his life, and with her. a • new heaven �- It is • ever body's day and ever AFTER HE 6ROKE THE STREET LAMP. y I'• Ile -hstci•plerrsy , of trrg;iittien is ilr < his and a new earth. body's cltat;i�e. The world has use �� .� _ e - tttvot•. lrrc�ti ei i�k•.h 'aitt Beath There is something new every day for all the• man•poweI& woman -power. • from tile sky, which set 'great cities of your life, if you "remain awake to child -power. Whether your .years be Living Razors. abla.ze,- and mangle .innocent women behold , it. The good old days you• waxi or few, pat are needed; no mate • :ire .proilucts.ot• tnoc ern sigh for were tho gnew ten. The ao-called .`:razor clam" is not and 'children good onh Iter .what the calendar tills you to say science. The childhood to which your Mind re- • to the elensus-taker, your time is now unfamiliar along the :Atlantic littoral. Sa aa•e guns which send 14- a la soar- verts with •longing wits' a time 'of, fits- and your place is here, and 'nobody It looks remarkablylike a•closed razor i tnating discovery; and -you have no alit•e cern deprive you of either, int •iter above 4 the hi>shest elort'ds , to • - -{net'the•-'aatttp'.':;patterze bu --ttre--oldcarry c%at7i at``t`ic `tl st'r vcns fashioned kind), and the valves of its seventy miles away. shell are almost, sharp enough to Aided and Ended by Science. shave with. .:.4. ,. s tf •; r � t. *bleb; I :in.t to .,.. --. � o` 'edoe. 1 it i tiff tan tate•' F'a.(tfic t�irsasfi it 'i� Ii�:bbl; e�- # p • teemed as. a �. lei,', �1:,,d., r 6;,•..i Iit.t'e'8, • anti `t•Itd -tablas dei .;Lti tz Oregon,.`W"ashin ton asci `tt►la ka } zo ' liuhdreds 'td "their" d'eeth''°in'` rhe told g clams are canned in immense quinti- depths of elle ocean, are iuvertions ties. They are gathered between tides which only crosses science has rete at extreme sow water. • • dered possible. Worse than all- is the They live buried in sand, and no poison gas which des-truys muen's drugs with which t -o quelrt•h pain. :All little. skill and dexterity are, required lungs, gangrenes the'lr _ flesh, and' these aro purely scientific inventions, to capture them, so rapid are, they in leaves them to gasp ut their lives in and quite as; tleeftt 1 -in peace as in their • movements. When frightened, hideous eloony. - • war. ' the razor clam protrudes its "foot" - Tanks again. Pres ably, Sir Hen-. ' We have X-rays for discovering bul- downward, expands it and jerks itself t'y would include, tanks. ut' nks, lets in the body or for healing frac- deeper, At each jerk it goes down a after all, did as much as anything to hetes. We have inoculation, which has couple of inches, and so is quiekly . bring the war anal its horrors' to an _destroyed the terrors of rabies and out of reach.- . - end. load it not- keen for them, typhoid. Medical science !riff brought It the. first attempt with the shovel. trencirwarfare would -be -going -ens _, the death rate down front 70 per 1,000 to catch one is not successful,' all would certainly' have gone on• until to 14 per 1,000, and it a century_.1m . chance of getting it is gone. The pro- civ'llita.tion, no leaser aideto_bear the saved more lives than the Creat War per, method is to insert, the shovel strain, collapsed,..and the world droll- has destroyed. quickly in the •sand below the clam ped beefs into the hideous barbarism . Think, too, what science has dune in. and turn hint up,, the fisherman plac- of the Middle Ages. the tgeong battle against , i•ritne• ing his hand under the shovel to catch_ Science did nut cause the,gretet war. Telegraph and telephone are the chief the animal as it tries' to retreat. t made it horrible in the'waging, but treapons of the police. These and the For banning the razor clams are it also ended'it, and Sir Henry should Bet•tillon' s} -stein of identifying .finger - first put into a hot hath to loosen ,11.3. • relneusber (hat if science killed, yet at shells, which are then removed by the same time it cured. : . hand or by machine. Next they go to ' 011e , of the greatest inventions of women, who i•einove th n.testines - modern acic nce is then aseptic healing after. which the "meats" are chopped, •of wounds.. Imagine a hospital in the fed into the cans. sealed up and cook. days of the Crimean War. The .very ed in a retort. • stench of it was'appalling. As lute as . 1864, if, a man had his leg or arm Cut by thottsandc; ' and the isrnpeely` by pelted to jump. Neither the sun gait- off, it was even clhances, wlantltc',• he-:nmillions of d.,i'lars. .{ tering on the • fierce eagles nor the • lived or died. curses of the officers moved the Lima Belgium, five months following In ,h_ Medical air__,, Life , iti • Made dasher. � .. -- drank the armistice, spent oyer -16,600,000 l d t n th -cleanestplacesth e c castes on ear Prussian. Think of the agony 'suffered by the NOrWCgflall Vii. :,-.rtnde'4- rt , 'heed red:. -3'•'-'.21,-'f., agc, i hi Cine' •,.iutmrt r.. 4'L ►: two :a '4l �tnounted \..Ott', t.7�(fr- tUCt i t' �' taui ll; C• ,.t.,:,r (r't i't-:9. piobtrlelY :1ttoodtng, 'i+ilff1 t'obaettY hfid" be.rr`�1I' ter'y da**11 ""''tIt`e'i't't lsfr"` 'r "inak4ng -arrangeuneuts order to allay their ,awful sufferings. tor his usual yachting trip to Norway, To -day wee have ether, nadrphia, laisgh came +stong a Norwegian country road ing gas, and a host of other similar near bur (tar, which had stopped on a side road, says Mr. Maurice F. Egan in his book; 'hen, Years Near the German Border. were splendld•leoking' ereaturee,T�inously cloaked, and their helmets glittered in the sgun. A peasant with two great pine loge on a low two-wheeled:cart was block- ing tine twain road, and as it was noon he had sat down to eat. his luncheon. -of- the officers - 'haughtily coni u.aii'deaLlite to-s•iear tile 'way. -(gut tile.-:..__ peasant pet his ` h'ar ds into his Doc - lets •and• said.. -'111r. M'an, I will move my logs whets 1 can. -First, I must eat my hoe hetet... • 'You can jump• your horses, c►re:• ,rny- logs:. • Why not? ,Tutup±.. ., • • , The officer made a mot ion tis' it to prints. draw his revolver, but the Norwegian Speaking of tslegraph'y again, has' only laughed' ever a greater boon been conferred on -.''Besides," he 'said. • ''there is '14 'humanity than_' wireless? 'Though it, 'wheel off my cart., I cannot theve it los only been' in operation a•fe s -.years, quickly. the liven saved by its menus from ' The language of -the . offlce•rs • was sinking ships are already numbered terrify='ug, bort finally they were com- e mord than 'Duff er a ease and to terrain of his -bottle of sch •francs on the remaking of war roads 'Ito day the -chances ateschnapps and munched alone, with 'the result 'that the pro- phecy that Belgium - will be herself again in three years' time requires no stretch of one's credulity to ac- cept. twenty to one in his favor. Seenty years ago any operation was likely to result. in • septicamnla, gangrene. cri- sypelas, or Mortification. Now all that i,, -done 'away -with, and hpspttals .are Hinging on to -fence-posts, gathering ' in'corners. • Lodging in the crannies of the trees, Spreading trier roads and fields, cling- Hit ttitite—hlUifela Flying at the =p fI- Ofs every breeze. " Evergreens, evergreens, --Send- you bushy _branches (latch them as they .flutter past, The Fairies of. the Snow --. -4�.- Fasts. - Banks employ ►9,600 w„nieti in Great Britain. British coal, iron and oil sources, it is estimated, will only last another 200 years. . The artificial breeding of fish was a.conimon industry among the antic r:e That no oneist000 fowork 63 in these days Is the, statement of London magistrate., Women" are estimated to outnumber seen to the extent of $;000.000 In Eng- land and Wales. a • India and Ceylon tea is graded ac- e•ording to the position of the lea, on thb•plant. they lower the leaf the pogr- e►r the, 'quality. . .� Nnaciiine -has been Fonstructed by which an armless man can feed him- self. typewrite,' ar.d even mend hoots, by means of his toes. . Mary Pickfdrel has been acting for i.twenty ,years- although She is only 25 yearsof age. , Her •first part wag Eva. in "Lnth-Tom's Cabin. "- ow to Fire a Furnace —� • With t•ile mercory.at zero or below, ' fire.'If\,t�he cbi'uncy draft is good, all furnace tires sluff he .bright clhct th tt should he required is a thorough .ale are eleaui�ug so that ,the grate shows. bright. burning coal all over. it once a day in Moderate weather. If itre- quires .more shaking than that. F.0111,?.properly filled, to last eight hours and leave enough live 'coals to rekindle thing ails the chimney. .• she new charge quickly -when -the-fire. when--ad4Thg-sse se_ arse -tae;.• -e , -t}he is shaken. Some' people -are -not meth- {heck, damper --is -closed.' otherwise- odical enough to coal their furnace gas is liable to escape through •the every eight hours: bttt with proper feed door and may pervade the whole firing a furnace should require no at -house. •' ' - tention beyond regulating the drafts Be sure that all clinkers and slag for a period of from eight an twelve are'•removed from the fire -pet. ' When hours in ordinary cold weather. eomplaintis are made'lt is not unusual During one' of the di cultic: that. To get the best results from coal in to find that while bright coal''tuay Germany and. Franey fiad ovor• riot• a' furnace, keep the ash -pit. eleun.' show at the grate and a live fire level occo, the German Ambassador to Grate bars are made of just as high- with the feed door may be appareiit. France called on' N. t'1'emeneeavn, who grade iron as any other pert orthe yet the entire center if s •then premier, and. Ater various • deasigne�l to holii enough coal, when our.daily lives- as •compared with lite a century, ago. The .poor man of 1920 can travel ten tinge: as ft,t :tr►i1 >fset as the- richestf of 182(1 . Let ns look at our trains. street ffrats, motors. and steamships, and consider how aeience, 'by' •ius'enting tnethods •ot rapid sontnrunicatt:,n, has Lopenod up -1-he - weed. trade the „rest oversea dominions' po s e, ;air en • • a:bled trillions ofs people •whc' would otherwise have been living cn the edge of s"tarvation to , beecitite l'rc s perou.s land owners..' Any discovery .may bc\ i'arned to bad uses, hut any baby born 'nay be- come a criminal. If we are to discard Laecie ee. —111r e_ouglitr,Lit te- r c cnsistertt, torput ,an. end.:to-- tarp _re- produetion cf the human race. __tip Not to be B1 ff ed. • furnace castings and will last for filled with a mays of slag and ctinkerss attempts to bull} hire, threatened to At this flute, too, he compuscrd mach ancient too large to go through the grate. leave • -for Berlin that • very -dxy • it ;n the open Air. Not onlym n '• years if the ashes - are. not allowed ter- =•.thew..:::au ,a#P aps silt, sastat : : &ms sly removed the small hand ranee (itd not take the n, t'.on that , tioax of Paracclsute but several bue or . "' �-: (:iermany desired. 1 eaviu for Bet at they will. otten•warp or tvr.i�t. in a few :tut of tire remain -Mg is stn index of g - in Straffn,d knees enacted first in these lin, oL ccrurEP, meant, a ciectarution cf tnicl'nigsht silenced of _tate ' Duthe e a minutes if this precaution i� neglect- what. had, hest the heating capacity c i.before. •war. woodland. Here, too, as the poet once 4d �1. Clnmencc�au at first diel' not seem Keep a, deep are. • One cif tale' itos�f • In . evc re weathc;t it. 14 an excellent to grasp nen eau atcfirst of the declnred, he came lo know the serene common mistake:; made by tho.:e who ' plan if- a warm house is seantei early beauty of dean, for, every now and desire to ,economize in fuel cunsr>iinlr in the morning, to fix the tire shortly . (3ersaratl representative had said to again• stftrr bating read late or writ - tion is to carry the fire too low in. tlu� before 'retiring, slinking the grate sof- ,him, fur he kept ruutmagI g amongt;__a fire -pot. It should ulway+ he til!erl fic•ierntly to unto:._ the number -M old' papers ,.,n til- desk tett house -hr- wrfglil uncieal quietly from . accumulatedthe walk level with the feed door find rounded ashes and adding coal until the tire - up in extreme weathei.:. -There is no pot is'we)1 rounded up. Allow this to exception 'to this rule. in mild 'burn no a.,Iittle, enough to bu;: n off the weather the .layer of ashes between lighter gast•ss, •and then check down the top of grate and the tiro may be for tae night. if this ht properly done several, inches thick. thus . effectivety s there,' will tee, a mass of furl in slab retarding combustion; but the top.' condition that the opening of the ot`the fire - should el*ays lie kept -at draft); .n they merging will he all that least up to the level of the feed door..' is necesstery to raise the temperature • Do not keep poking at or shaking the rapidly. his _ black 'bread and sausage as 11 he Ibad never crossed the path of these great persons. His attitude was ' nharacterlatic of his •people, for the flitiertyao•ving Norwegians are the direct, antithesis of the Prussiene and all that they represent. 4------_.._ • _APoet_'s- Nocturtral Rambles Writing of certain.characteristics of Robert' Browning, "William •Blharp, the well-known English eeeaylst and' novelist, sarys: • • In his early years,_Brownln'g had al - I. ways a great liking for walking ,in the dark. At; Camberwell he was wont ;3o carty th.LL Ra -to:. .-.p .-pf :. I ing man y -a _ulgarts -tee - There was, in particular,. a wood near Dulwich, whither he was -wont to go, There he •woujd walk swiftly and eagerly along the solitary and lightlese byways, finding a potent stimulus to imagine tive thought in the happy iaal:&tion thus enjoyed. wall all the concurrent' F;delight of natural things, impercept-' ible almost by the aie'rtest sense in the day's' manifest 'detachm,nts. 0 A7 The 1 "if ihelr •solve spec!i, ' our c uort•c 'i`ha ss .condi tunny • find spirit ul arse hurts .41 r a i1',rvp fire sedat only , of ri c elervo W-il if 'these blood,. intpro strong hither cheer: ... torts'' mats Pink , You de�ale r cents The ' Brock TI Stet plorer Eskon him, a twstt- i not kr quite tress --1-1 their i terir�t it home word and ate. an old the which. small. again: furrier wastes would. other 1 great., 1 t --- a LHERE'SYOUR PACK THEM tN 'TNETRUNKS • FURS• MUM: NICELY -WE A RE col tv+G TO PALM BEACH - I taally he _--- •••U�uvrneug , pt use rt railway tine's- twilight •gradt4d into tile pearl a44 table and rtneiir4 It carefully. Laid:- ;anther of the new day. see you have ruisxPd.thr• Morning train irg 'tp at length, he'replie,l quietly: , '•_ 4 11�'ell, it intt.:t .t e this �,�veningr: t Before you discard that unsightlyanesse%.."_ Piece of furniture look it over with The :tryba.;+,:idor stared,' end then I a seeing eye. Maybe there are still posshilit,ies - ,of usefulness. Minus (11 urged his tone completely. and the • Borrie -ornamentation anti affair was -scored as a • victor;+ •forStained an- ' otFeer color it. might 'take on a new I I rev(•h iJate':.manship leaaa_af life: ' '. 81ct,it�t�.1NG - UP kATHE.11t (ceTTIN' READY FOR PALM. t3t(CH-t I SEE You wUz.._ PACK IN YOUR FURS • LI.NSL.CT-Mli< ARE SUMMER FURS You CANT T WEAR--HATAT PALM `•'- BE- %� S WARM THERE WELL . L- CeOCDNESS SAKE WHERR Is \ PALM C3",\CHs-, f;• _.J e' N••tl • No. Price. 2 w step len 40, -12, measare: $6 or 4(1 aifd ▪ n,;s�-s - sound No.j 9 Pricei2I Cut ' and4Ri with puin f wide,- of e with (lar tt►ide, or Siart 1( ,�t sidc pr�tir. s \ ..•. �..w-.4.r� .ter--.._. - . �....�r.+r, �_ .y. t -ns •r