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The 'Spanish' Influenza Epidemic in Seaforth, 1918
Over 200 cases of the
'Spanish' Influenza
were recorded in
Seaforth in the second
week of October 1918. The
epidemic reached crisis
proportions in Huron
County and, inexplicably,
no other part of the county
was as heavily impacted by
the flu as the Seaforth area.
In Canada, the first
recorded fatality of the
most lethal wave of the
Spanish 'flu' was a soldier
who died in Halifax in Sep-
tember 1918. Withinweeks,
just as the Great War was in
its last spasm of killing, the
deadly epidemic was peak-
ing
eaking throughout the
Dominion.
The influenza outbreak
in the fall of 1918 was actu-
ally the second and most
lethal wave of the flu. An
earlier less lethal outbreak
of the Spanish influenza
swept through the globe
earlier in the summer. The
virus quickly mutated into a
more lethal strain of the flu
and as the soldiers began
returning from Europe,
they brought the dread dis-
ease with them. According
to Mark Humphries in 'The
Last Plague', the epidemic
all the more tragic because
'it tended to kill young, oth-
erwise healthy adults,
whose numbers were
already depleted by the cas-
ualties of the Great War.
Although authorities
expected the arrival of the
epidemic, there was little
evidence of panic in the
local papers. The October 4,
1918, 'Huron Expositor'
carried a front page adver-
tisement for a Thanksgiving
Dance at Cardno Hall
scheduled for October 16.
Other local news like
upcoming 'patriotic' events
to support the war effort,
church socials and various
lodge meetings dominated
the local news. There was
little indication that a terri-
ble disaster had just
descended upon the
Huron History
David Yates
community.
On October 3, widow
Mary Matthews (70) of
Dublin was the first known
area fatality of the flu. She
was in 'her usual good
health' when she was sud-
denly taken ill and after
receiving last rights died of
pneumonia related to the
influenza.
In 1918, without a federal
board of health to co-ordi-
nate a nation-wide
response to the influenza
epidemic, local councils
and health officials coped
with the situation as best
they could. Lacking any
centralized direction, in the
first week of October, the
Hensall and Tuckersmith
councils moved to close
schools, churches and 'all
public entertainments' for
the remainder of the
month.
When over 40 Collegiate
students were absent on
Monday, October 7th
'owing to the very serious
epidemic of influenza,
which is raging through the
town', the Seaforth Board of
Health on Tuesday, ordered
the immediate closure of all
schools, churches, lodges,
picture shows and billiard
rooms. The Women's War
Auxilliary postponed the
Thanksgiving dance at
Cardno Hall. The Red Cross
Society suspended collec-
tions for the duration of the
epidemic.
However, the town coun-
cil stopped short of closing
businesses for the duration
of the epidemic. Besides,
any municipal order ban-
ning public gatherings had
no effect on automobile or
rail traffic entering or leav-
ing town anyway.
Indeed, the railway was a
prime transmitter of the
disease. The 'Expositor'
reported that Miss Bessie
Grieve of Tara returned
home to Seafroth because
the influenza had closed
her school. Mrs. Douglas
Beatlie's of North Carolina'a
visit home was 'marred' by
her own illness and the of
'her home people' who
were all suffering from the
influenza. Mrs. W.W. Fer-
guson of Wallaceburg
returned home to care for
her sick brother. Unsurpris-
ingly, several local railway
workers came down with
the disease. The death of
Mr. McKellar, the GTR
Express Agent, and the ill-
ness of his assistant, left
Miss Faulkner in charge of
the ticket office.
On October 17 'Exposi-
tor' reported that the influ-
enza epidemic showed no
signs of abating with over
400 flu cases reported in
Seaforth alone. The first
recorded influenza deaths
in Seaforth occurred on
October 16 when Ernest
Robinson (38) a painter,
and Agnes Andrews (27), a
store clerk died 'in spite of
every care and medical
attention:
The next day, Margaret
O'Connell (13), a separate
school student and Flor-
ence Calder (28) suc-
cumbed to the flu. Ger-
trude Reid (28) who was
described as 'a most enthu-
siastic worker in all activi-
ties, in connection with' the
Methodist Church died on
October 18. Her death was
all the more tragic as their
eldest son, Lance -Sargeant
John Reid, was killed in
France in 1915. Eight year
old Agnes Habkirk of Har-
purhey died on October
20th.
The death of Annie Quail
(28) of John Street on Octo-
ber 22nd was a particularly
harsh blow to the family.
The same day that Quail
died, a telegram was
received at the home
informing the family of the
death of her brother in
Ottawa from the same dis-
ease. Quail left young
daughter and husband.
The other influenza
death that day was town
councillor William Ough-
ten (43). Oughten was a
'popular' citizen in Sea -
forth. He was a machinist at
the Bell Munitions plant
and served two years on
town council. His wife and
three daughters were also
afflicted with the influenza
but survived. John Hopper
(30) went to work at the
munition factory in good
health but was taken ill
while on the job. He
retumed to his Morris
Township home where he
died. The Munitions factory
closed for a few days when
25 workers fell ill with the
influenza.
The influenza spread into
the townships in the last
week of October. Grace
Wieber (27) of Grey town-
ship was pregnant. She
developed influenza symp-
toms and died of'perni-
cious vomiting' on October
23. Wieber's death was fol-
lowed by several other
women in the surrounding
townships who were all in
their 20's. Since the task of
nursing the sick children
typically fell to women,
many fit healthy women
succumbed to the disease.
Seaforth telephone oper-
ator, Annie Marie Martin
(22) died the same day.
Miss Martin was called 'a
most popular girl' in town
who will be sadly missed by
her many friends. The tele-
phone exchange asked the
public for patience as their
reduced staff meant longer
wait times to place phone
calls. The deaths one year
old infants Lloyd George
Venus and Edna Stephen-
son were not even reported
in the local paper.
Finlay McIntosh (43), a
travelling salesman who
lived on John Street died on
November 1. He left a wife
and two children who were
also suffering from the
influenza but by early
November, the worst of the
influenza epidemic in the
area had subsided.
Church services resumed
on November 10th. The
schools which were to have
opened for classes on Mon-
day, November 11 had an
extended holiday with the
announcement of the
Armistice ending the Great
War. The Armistice celebra-
tions may have marked the
end of the deadliest war in
history but with thousands
of people crowded together
in the streets, it prolonged
the epidemic and more
influenza deaths in
November and December.
George Armstrong (35) and
ea orthhuronex s ositor.co
Arthur Denman (28) of
Grey Township were the
last area influenza deaths
on December 28th and
29th respectively. The onset
of winter dampened the
1918 influenza outbreak
Epidemiologists disa-
gree on the origins of what
became known as the
Spanish Influenza which
claimed as many as 100
million lives between 1918
and 1920 but they all
agree that the pandemic
was one of the worst dis-
asters in history. Although
Spanish Influenza is esti-
mated to have killed
50,000 people, it is seen
only as a footnote to the
Great War. In Seaforth,
like the rest of Canada, the
Spanish Influenza epi-
demic was largely forgot-
ten as peace and nor-
malcy was restored but
the world was never the
same again.
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