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HomeMy WebLinkAboutLucknow Sentinel, 1892-08-26, Page 3• 1'1 • - • .• '•i 1 t ASTRONOMICAL POINTERS. Prof. Young's Lucid View of the Magni- tude of the Bun. The Inclined AIMS os the flanets—Terrnie Speed of Stars—The Curbing of a Nota- ble Racer—Planets' Defiance of All the Bales of Engine-Driving—llast Distance Between the Bunk and the Nearest Star— interesting Scientific Notes. A SCIENTIFIC VIEW OF THE SUN. The sun is 1,260,000 times larger than the earth, though it is not a large star, com- pared with others, for Sirius is equal in bu k to 5,000 of our suns. The solar system tea la at the rate of 154,185,000 miles the year 'round the Pleiades. The sun's aver- age di8tance from the earth is 91,430,000. miles; the rotation on its axis occupies about 25.38 days. Most persons are now. aware that this great globe is not a solid body like our earth. It is a great chemical laboratory, _generating and sending forth that light, and heat, and chemical force, on which all life, animaland vegetable, depends. Thus,under theanalyzing scrutiny ofmodern violence it is found to be neither solid nor fluid, but a vast globe of glowing gas, 865,- 000 miles in diameter. The. sizes of which scientists speak are in each instance capable of actual measurement by the refined in- struments that are now constructed. Now this statement as to tie - size of the min - 865,000 miles across—produces but a very indefinite impression on the mind. Prof. Y ung, an eminent astronomer, presents it lit • el • ly in something like the following: In or r that the sue's diameter may bo more easily realized, imagine the sun to be a hollow sphere, and the earth to be placed in the centre. This would reduce the dis- tance to about 432,000 miles. The interior of this shell would of course appear like a sky to the inhabitants of the earth. It should next be remembered that the moon is revolving round the earth at a distance of 240,000 miles. It will appear, then, that there is room not only for the moon's, orbit within the hollow sun, but also for another moon 190,000 miles beyond her ! What a ponderous globe of glowing gas! Not much wonder, when its vertical rays shine on the • earth in summer—for the sun is more re- • mote from the earth in summer than in winter, when it chines on the earth more obliquely—that it cause e the inhabitants of Canada to swelter in 90° and more. THE CAUSE OF THE SEASONS. The semen are due to the' fact that the earth, on her path around the sun, turns on an inclined axie. If her axis were upright there would be no seiteons. On the other hand, if its inclination were greater, than it is, there would,be a mote violent and ex treme difference than now exists between - summer and winter. It is found that the axis of Venus is much more inclined than that of the earth, consequently, the seasonal extremes must be very great. Such extremee • of heat that must exist when the sun shines on her denim atmosphere, and such an it highest pace at one of the most critical onrvea in the whole journey. There are two speoially sharp curves in the planet's path. These are the two extremities of the ellipse which it followe. The cautious engine -driver would creep around these with equal care, and no doubt the planet goes slowly enough about that end of the ellipige farthest from the sun. There its page is slower than anywhere else; but from that moment cowards the planet steadily applies itself to getting up more and more speed. As it traverses the comparatively straight portion of the celes- tial road the pace is ever accelerating until the sharp curve near the sun is being ap- proached;, then the velocity gets more and more alarming, until at last, in utter de- fiance of all rules of engine -driving, the planet rushes round one of the worst parts of the orbit at the highest possible speed. THE ABVSSES BETWEEN TRE STARS There ie probably no fact in antronomy more puzzling to the ordinary mind than the vast distances whioh exist between our sun and the newest star, and between one star and its neighbor. To express these dis- tances in miles is utterly futile, as no mind can grasp the long line of numbers which such a method involves. A new unit of distance has consequently been adopted— that of speed measured.by time. Now the swiftest measureable speed is that at which light travels -185,000 miles a second. This would amount to about six billions of miles a year. The light journey of one yeer, therefore, is the measure to be adopted. Apply ing this measure to the nearest fixed star —Centauri—it will take four years and four months to span the abyss which separates us from this sun. And yet Centauri is some ten billions of miles nearer to UB than ally other member of the sidereal system 1 Is there any physical necessity for these vast abysses of untenanted space ? Yee. Every 'star is a great magnet, attracting and being attracted by its nearest neighbor. If our sun can hold in check his farthest planet, Neptune, as it spins around its orbit, at a dietanoe of 2;800 millions of miles, how great would bo the mutual attraction of our sun and another sun of equal size, at even that distance ! Here, then, ie a partial explanation of the necessity for such vast star separations. But why do they not rush towards each other under the potent influence of such attractions, even though ouch immense distances intervene? Be- cause of the centrifugal forces, which carry them along at the rate at which they are now travelling. • NOTES. Past .0•11•10 "111110111111=MSW MRS. ULMER'S PLOT. Love Used aa a Tool to Extort Money. ISS SAMANTHIA ARNOW was goiug .be married. It made quite a sensation among the boarders—who had long upen her in the light of - a convenient necessity—when Mr. Bruce announced their en- eagement, though to be sure it was in many respects a very suitable match. They,were both young, good-looking and honestly in love with each other, but Sall- ee was peer and worked like a ay° to save her mother servant hire, while Harry Bruce was the fortunate possessor of $100,000. Be was_perfectly sure, however, that his money was no object with Sansie and that she loved him for himself alone. She was so sweet! so, pretty 1 Such a good, loving, helpful daughter that he felt his heart warm towards her every time he caught sight of her pink cheeks and blue eyes. He insisted that Mra. Arnott should hire a strong, capable woman, so that Susie should have leisure to go about with him. Then he took her everywhere, loaded her with presents and flattered her to such an extent that if she had not been one of the most sensible little women in the world, her head would have been completely turned. As it was she took an innocent de- light in the surprisingly long holiday, the new and pleasant companionship. Matters might have gone on thus, indefin- itely had not an unexpected event ocourred. Nothing more nor less than the advent of a new boarder. Not only was she a strikingly handsome woman, but elm was also an old friend of Mr. Bruceei. There was, more- over, a certain episode of their acquaintance of, a peculiarly painful character, so painful, indeed, that he had never men- tioned, to Sansie that period 'to his life in which she was concerned. He would have accepted an introduction to her ignoring any former meeting, but she made such a course impossible by a very impressive gesture of welcome. " Ah ! Mr. Bruce, I amdelighted to meet an old friend," she said, - with a. dazzling flash of her dangerous dark eyes. If Mr. Bruce shared her delight he said ing to that effect, but, offering his arm, her direct to the corner where Sansie e`v "Mr. Bruce," said she, sweetly flushed and tearful, " I am going away. in the morning; we may never meet again. • Per- bapa I ought to let ' a dead past rest in peace, but when I look at Benne and think of my own wrecked youth, my lips will Sodium is a yellowith-white metallic sub- stance, soft like wax and lighter than water. When ignited it produces& yellow- ish light. • It is a metal so soft that you cut it wittee knife, and so light that -it will floaton water. while it actually takes fire the moment it is dropped on water. Common salt is sodium united with a poisonous gas, a few respirations of which would be fatal. But this metal and this -noxious gas, when united, become the salt so requisite m the •preparation of food. Light travels 185,000 Miles per second. Taking this as a gauge, the time required for the tourney ot light from the nearest of the stars to the earth is over three years. intense cold as must prevail on those parte: SHOOTING STARS AND METEORS. .peak" Bruce bowed probe -sadly ; 1.-areettld think of nothing to say. 5-s-Notemany- years ago,"_sheacentinnede "a girl young and fair as Sansie loved you just as well ; you won her heart and threw it back to her with scorn, crushed, wounded, -worthlees. I bore it. Mad with rage and pain I married Burt Ulmer and lived. Sande would die. The angaieh that drove me to despair would crush . her into the grave." " Mrs. Ulmer," said Harry, somewhat impatiently, " I ow that years ago you jilted me. I have lived down all regret and I fail to see how the act can have any bear- ing upon the future happiness of a lady whose name—excuse me—I would rather not drag into this conversation." The woman's face darkened ominously. " So I am not worthy to even speak her name 1" she cried, "and yet 1 was to have been your wife. I wonder if she would re- gard the position so deeirable if I showed her the letter, the infamous letter, that gave you your freedom and made me Mrs. Ulmer ?" " You }Teak in riddles," said Mr. Bruce, coolly. but I hardly think teat Miss Arnott would care to look over your cor- respondence." 'That because you thine this is de- stroyed," said the, taking f rem the bosom of her dress a note, soiled and yellowed by age, broken in the folds, a rumpled, dis- reputable bit of paper. " I do not wish to threaten," she went on more quietly. "You were false to me, you may be to Miss Arnott, but I have not the heart to injure you. I have said enough, too much, perhaps, and I know that I have kept this wicked letter fee long. Take it, destroy it if you please ; I know that if I were a man 1 shouid wish to." She handed him the paper, open. He took it mechs.r.ically, glanced at it, read it from beginning to end, his face growing set and stern. It was an infamous letter, written in his handwriting, signed with his name. " Dolly Ulnier," he said, "as sure as there is a heaven above us, I never saw this thing before. I could not write like that to any woman, and in these days I loved the that are hidden from the sun, can scarcely • be imagined. These and other consid,ra- Lions which have been amply weighed by the most recent astronomers have led to the conclusion that at present no reasonable ground exists for the supposition that Venus fai an inhabited globe. STELLAR. MOVEMENTS.. The first step towards the unravelmept of the tangled web of stellar movements was taken when Sir John Herschel established the reality, and indicated the direction of the sun's journey through space. The sun and his retinue of planets are advancing to- wards a point, situated in the constellation of Hercules, with such velocity that in one year a distance of 154 millions of miles is traversed, the rate being about four miles • per second. But this speed is small when compared with that of a number of stars now under constant spectroscopic obeerva- tion for motion in, the line of sight. These speeds are found to be varying, either to or from our system, from two to seventy miles per second 1 But the motion of stars across • the line of sight is also being determined. A star, numbered 1,830 in Groombridge're catalogue, is found to be rushing through space at the terrific rate of 200 miles per second ! ‘6 A DISTINGUISHED RACER.' as during the time when Sir Isaac Newton as brooding over his grand theory of universil gravitation, and embodying the *saute in his immortal .' Principia," that the great comet of 1680 made ita appearance. Here was an opportunity for testing New- ton's theory by one of the most extreme cases that could possibly occur. Tho com- paratively steady and uniform ' motions of the planetary bodies were with little difficulty brought within the control of this wondrous law, which Newton had pro- claimed to be universal. But here was a stranger, dashing in upon us, from a region outside the supposed limits of our system, scenarist to travel by any known pathway. cutting across all orthodox and eatablishd orbits, rushing like some wild phantom that bad broken loose out of the abyss' of space close up to our central sun, steering short round in a sharp and violent curve, with a speed of one million two hundred thousand miles an hour at the turning point, and iacen going off, not recklessly at a tangent, if uncontrolled by law, but 'in a path tly similar to that of its arrival, show- ing for the first time to the watchful astronomer, litho •had now found a key to the hitherto sealed -up mystery, that even this lightning -winged traveller was being guided and curbed by a definite 'check- rein, never before suspected. This was an illustration of the universal application of Newton's theory. If you November stars would see,: From lath to 14th watching be; In August, too. stars shine through heaven, On nights between and 11. Pierce a pin-hole in a card, and through it you can look at the sun without incon- venience. Explorers have never been able, 'so far, to get within less than 400 miles of the North Pole. The whole course and tendency of nature, so far as science now makes out, points backward to a beginning and forward to an end. The present order of things seems to be bounded, both in the past and in the future, by terminal catastrophes, which are veiled in clouds as yet impenetrable.— Prof. Young. The solar planetary system has a radius of 3,000 millions of miles. The nearest " 'fixed " star is 7,000 times farther away titan Neptune, wbich is 2,800 millions of miles from the sun. The diameter of Nep- tune is 36,000 miles, and it takes about 165 of our years to' perform one revolution around the sun. Sir John Herschel, after he had studied the heavens from both hemispheres, and penetrated star -depths before unfathomed, said : " We find that the last and greatest discoveries only land us on the confineti of a wider and more wonderfully. diversified vievref the universe, and have now, as we alwayS aball have, to acknowledge ourselves baffled and bowed down by the infinite which surrounds us on every side." 1 eat, demure as a kitten and quite as watchful. ,• j very ground you walked on." " Mrs. Ulmer," said "'he, " this is my i " In those days! • In those days !" she Sarnia We are to be married soon and! cried, bitterly. anybody in the house can give you all the " Yes, Dolly," he said, sadly ; " that is particulars. I thought I would- tell yoel the worst of some things they can never be that much myself, because I remember that i righted. I am sorry for you, sorry for you used to take a kind interest in my I myself; if 1 coidd findthe person who affairs. Sansie, I‘want you to be very good dui this I would thrash the life out of to Mrs. Ulmer, because "—with a sudden him ; but I cannot put time back five evil inspiration—" she once did me a very years, and I would not want to if I could, great favor." . • because these very years brought me For an instant, anger and surprise flashed Saneie." into her wonderful eyes, then they were " Sansie 1 Sansie 1" said she; "your lighted by a gay and careless smile. • heart is full of Sansie! for you are a man, "Why, so Idid," she said. "1 had nearly and men charge, but women never." forgotten; it was ages veto." • Mr. Bruce was profoundly moved. Then ehe settled herself beside Miss San- There was silence for a moment and then sie with the manner of one who had come to she went on, all the passion: and pain of stay, and began with malicious satisfaction years trembling in her voice. to discuss Bruce in all possible moods and " Oh, Harry, Harry 1 look at me once tenses with an easy familiarity that well- with no sneer upon your lips, with 'no can- nighdistracted her lietener. tempt in yoriz e tear eyes." The Ladybug. " Ladybug, ladybug, baste Away home ! Your house iS on fire, your children will burn? If your house u3 on fire, what will you do IA Dear ladybug,_I am so sorry for you! And Lour poor little children all burning . ear me !„ It does eeem as cruel as cruel -can be. Ohi why don't you hurry, you slow little elf • - - _ The house might burn down while you're turn- ing about; 'Tieleocause you are feeling so badly, no:doubt, - 'That dyon hardly can stir. No wonder. p0Or car Yon must izai half crazy such bad news to hear. Though I've told it to dozens. I think, besides you, I feel just like crying whenever I do. Now think of your babies! Run, ladybug. runt I do hope some neighbor has saved every one From the terrible fire; and, ladybug, then You can build a new house and be happy again! If knew where you hved I would go there 'tie It " Is it wrong to sigh for a young man's To help me to climb life's hiUj Is it wrong to desire some day to charm elf% A husband, who'll pay my bills? , Is it wrong to cling in a close embrace To the hope of becoming a bride1 ere- ?e,alIna Is it wrong to wish for the feathers and lace, a And thedresses for which 1 have sighed 1 Is it wrocungito crave for the mar: 'lege state, ;73 To be I ed, not a Miss, but a Madam 1 Is it wrong for a girl to desire a mate 1 Is it vrrong for fair Eve to love Adam? ' Is it wrong tor a woman to long every day For Cupid's delectable visit ? =-71 Is it wrong, then, for Mr. Right's corainglto Pray Is it were, Mts. Grundy Now—is it 1"; .1Zi Telegraph Ticks. The official record of cholera in RUBSull for Sunday testis 4,261 new cases and 2,177 deaths. A Prince Albert, N. W. T., man has fallen heir to $150,000, left by a relative:in Denmark. The body of Ralph Green, who was drowned near Bala, Muskoka, kat week, has been recovered. Mies Philbrick, who with Mies Woods was so brutally assaulted at Chislehurst last week, is dying. Mra. Guimont lied in Winnipeg on Tues- day from lockjaw, caused by stepping on a rusty nail, which entered her foot. Part of the Muskoka express was derailed at Severn, Bridge yesterday afternoon on its way to Toronto. No one was seriotudy' htut. Archbishop McCleary eent £400 sterling to Justin McCarthy yesterday, a tribute toward the Irish election fund from the archdiocese of Kingston. George Lawrence, the unsuccessful Con- servative candidate for Killarney in the recent Manitoba election, has been fined $200 for treating during the contest. •At last, to hide the angry tears that were What man could resist such an appeal; getting dangerously near her eyes, Sense) moreover, he owed her something for all the excused herself and left the room. sorrow and disappointment that had come Powerless to help, Harry had watched to her through him. with deep indignation the discomfiture of So when the trembling lips tempted, his little love - now he would have followed and the dusky eyes entreated, he took her her, but Mrs. I.JImer claimed his attention in his arms and kissed her as in the old so openly that he could not get away with days. out positive rudeness ; so he Buffered him- At this inauspicious moment fate, in the self to be half amusedand wholly astonished person of Sansie Arnott, opened the door by the young widow's assumption of a long and walked steadily towards them. and friendly intimacy. Her face was very white, but she did not Poor Sansie, however, could see nothing seem at all surprised or embarrassed. In in.the affair. Shecould not, help blam- one hand she held a long, dark garment ing Harry a little, and, much to his sur- that trailed behind her as she walked, and prise, grew at times quite snappish with hi the ether several curious slips of paper. him. . ,• " Mrs. Ulmer," said she, speaking in a At first the idea that Sansie might be loW, quiet tone, "as you have taken the jealous struck him in the light of a huge trouble to show Mr. Bruce that very clever joke. Afterwards, as a dim, masculine note, I thought he might like to see other perception of the elder woman's attractions and less perfect copies. To forge a letter and fascinations dawned upon him, he took which vilifies no one but yourself is not a himself sharply to task. He knew his little, State prison offence ; to call yourself honest, true -hearted love to be worth a a widow and try to extort money dozen accomplished flirts like Mrs: Ulmer, from a man - who has never injured and so one day, when he caught her quite you only proves that you are scheming and alone, hetold her the true story of hisformer dishonest ; but the private detective in your acquaintance with the lady. room has found evidence of other and more " It was years ago," said he. " I was a punishable crimes. A police officer is wait - young fellow, headstrong and romantic, she ing outside to arrest you; but because you was pretty and in no end of trouble, all on once did Harry a great favor I .am going to account of being mixed up with an ugly try and help you. Take this cloak, pass piece of scandal. The woinen would not from here into the dining -room, down the look at her and the men hardly dared to. cellar stairs and out through the bulkhead. " I began by pitying het ; I ended Once in the back yard you can easily slip by falling in love and offering to marry away." her. Mrs. Ulmer never spoke, but all the high "She accepted me gladly enough, and color faded out of her face, leaving it gray for a few weeks I lived in a fool's paradise; and corpselike. , s then, the, very day before we were to have She caught the dark garment from been married, she left me and ran away Sansie's arm and glided like a shadow from with Bert Ulmer. the room. "Ile was a bad lot and led her a hard life, When they heard the cellar door close I have heard ;-I rather think she is taking softly Sansie turned to her companion. more comfort as a widow than she ever did "She is a wicked woman," she said, as a wife. I cannot ° help feeling a trifle "and 110 more a widow than I am. Her Amused when I see what a difference Uncle husband sent her here to make money out Hall's money makes. Without it I did not of her old acquaintance with you, and, I deserve even fair dealing and common rather think if that deteceive npatak a had courtesy; with it I am worth cultivating." not disturbed her littlerme she would " So I perceive" said Sansie, with much have played it succe,ssfully. ' asperity ; then, with a sudden smile lighting Then, with a toss of her pretty head, she her sweet, indignant face," was that what left the room not banging the door behind, you meant when yon saithat she once did but shutting it decisively. you a great favor ?" Mr. Bruce, crushed, bewildered, over- " It was. I would have told you before, whelmed,,dared not call her back. but I was ashamed of the whole affair, and To tell the trath, however, the young I did not know how the idea that I ever lady was not one-half so angry' as she ap- wanted another wife would strike you." peered to be, because, womanlike, she " Verfavorably, seeing you did not placed all the blame where most of it get her," laughed , Sansie. And from that belonged—on Mrs. Ulmer's handessm. time forward she held her own with the shoulders. Widow Ulmer. After a time, when Mr. Mr. Brace could not help an occasional appetite and began to fal( twinge of masculine pride in the self-evident she relented, and in S0111 fact that this very beantiful woman deeply plained manner she ma regretted fifer youthful escapade. him that-- He had such perfectconfidence in his own While the lamp holds integrity and Saltine's devotion that he never The vilest sinner may / avoided her in the least. •, — Wet4 Actresses' Marriages.' Many actresses, says a society paragraph- -ist, have • of late years married into aris- tocratic families. Miss Dolly Teeter, who sang in the chorus, married the -Marquis of Altetbety ; Lord Euston allied himself to Mis Kate Cooke ; Mies Nellie Learner mar- t hod he Hon. Hubert Dunecombe ; a French holy, well known on the London stage, V. ;se C. Dubois., married the Hon. Wynd- ham Statihope ; and Miss Lillie Ernest be- came the 'Lady Mansel. It seems only yesterday since Miss Belle Bilton's name was regularly in the musie-hall bills ; she is now, of course, Countess Clancarty. THE oBLONG FATE OF THE PLANETS. It is interesting to know that the ellipse is the figure which the earth and all the other bodies which revolve around the sun are ever compelled to follow. The engine driver of a railway train always has to slacken speed when ho ie going round a sharp curve. If he did not do so his "" 1,s. very likely to run off the well aware .re dependent '^ net Two Swedish Babies. Two Swedish peasant women attracted considerable attention recently at the Emi- gFaiits' Bureau at Ellis Island by the abo- riginal way in which they carried their babies. The little ones were tucked in a leather bag suspended from the backs of the mothers from shoulder straps. The babies would have looked like papooses if they ad been a little darker. Peasant th mo:Ad Sweden have so much hard. work to do afield that they have to take their babies with them. To have their hands free they must put their infant burdens on their backs. iLarge bags are used for twns. When the two hardy mothers get- out into the west they may find life easier than they did in Sweden and when theyilliVe Ameri- can babies doubtless they will be able to carry them in the American way. ' Her Beverage. Boston Brown Bread. Sift together one and one-half cups of rye meal (not flour) and one and one-half cups of Indian meal. Mix with the sifted meal one small cup of molasses, a teaspoonful of salt and an even teaspoonful of saleratus. Stir with hot water into a smooth batter. Pour it into a buttered tin beiler, cover tightly and steam three hours in an iron kettle. Be euro the water is boiling in the kettle before the tin boiler is set into it. When done, uncover the boiler and set it in the oven fifteen minutes. Long-Tongned Brother Bob. " How does your father seem to regard my coining here 1" anxiously asked Adol- phus of little Bobby while Miss Mand was upstairs getting ready to present herself. "Ile don't care nothin' about it," replied Bobby, carelessly. " So he has no objection, eh! But what did he say my little man'" " He said if Maud had a mind to make a fool of herself, why let her." " May I have a cup of tea ?" aske,t1 the small girl in the high chair_ " It's such a warm day," returned the lady at the head of the table," that I thought you chicks would like lemonade. Isn't it good?" • • • She stirred in plenty of sugar, andhanded the small girl a tumblerful of lemonade. " I suppose any beverage will do !"sighed he small girl, making an effort to be polite. One evening when most of the boarders were attending a concert and Sansie was so seriously indisposed as to be confined to her room, he settled himself to a solitary chat with Mrs. Ulmer without any serious Count Caprivi tips the scales at two hen- misgivings. leed and sixteen pounds, so that he is about To be sure, he would have left the parlor ev as was Prince Bismarck after immediately when he found her its only -"weninger cure. The phy -^ee. but /slit: requested a" rnomeef'- ‘ween the two men iirectly that l . Watkins James, the ',..osteri Henry M. Stanley' r_n the (eve eeetette m the strikers at Heestette etaTere‘i-re' man and is about severitzeilr--- has been twice marries her , mother died. er conver- G reef, - - • for a di- His Reason. • 'Miss Antique—Yon ought to get married, Mr. Oldchapp. Mr. Oldchapp (earnestly)—I have wished many times lately thatl had a wife. Miss Antique (delighted) --Have you really ? Mr. Oldchapp—Yes, if I bad a wife she'd probably have a sewing machine, and the sewing machine would have an oil can, and I could take it and oil my office chair. It squeaks horribly. She Knew Him Too Well. Young Husband—I want you to love and • trust me, MabeL Young Wife—I Call love you, Charlie,trat I can't trust you. (He had married his tailor's daughter.) A good way to clean the teeth is to dip the brush in water, rub it over genuine cas ile soap, then dip in prepared chalk. A lady says " I have been complimented upon the whiteness of my teeth, which were originally anything but white. I have used the soap constantly for two or three years, and the ehalk for the last year. There is no danger of scratching the teeth, as the chalk is prepared,bnt with a good stiffbruah and the soap is as effectual as soap and sand on a floor." A curious relic of old Roman life found recently at Lenurium (Porto Portese) and now stored in the British museum is a thin slab of atone that was anciently a circus poster. '51111 k Ut3 altos ASA og d013 teco-tesi th41.5 4 at araV .6.1cOLON -a niezoo' gaVel \t0' 0j914101, nut, - " • ..- "-Se• • • •- ...• ls • t • • , Ps!, !. ;(1'f. :r4 y -